Section 238 of the Income Tax Act

Income-tax Act, 2025: s.432

Section 238 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 corresponds to section 432 (Person entitled to claim refund in certain special cases) of the Income-tax Act, 2025.

Read section 432 of the 2025 Act

Correspondence checked against the ICAI tabular mapping of the two Acts and the BharatTax.co section commentary.

The decision most relied on for Section 238 is Ghanashyam Mishra And Sons. v. Edelweiss Asset Reconstruction (126 Taxmann.com 132), cited in 192 of the 184 judgments on BharatTax that turn on this section.

Leading authorities on Section 238

Ghanashyam Mishra And Sons. v. Edelweiss Asset Reconstruction
126 Taxmann.com 132 · 2021 · Supreme Court
192
citing judgments

Once a resolution plan is approved under Section 31(1) of the IBC, claims not included in the plan are extinguished and cannot be pursued. This applies to statutory dues owed to the government and other authorities.

Krishnaswamy S. Pd v. Union of India
281 ITR 305 · 2006 · Supreme Court
68
citing judgments

The law does not compel individuals to perform impossible actions. The administration of law must consider this general exception in specific cases, acknowledging that it does not intend to compel impossibilities.

Alchemist Asset Reconstruction Co. Ltd. v. Hotel Gaudavan (P.) Ltd.
88 Taxmann.com 202 · 2017 · Supreme Court
54
citing judgments

Arbitration proceedings cannot be initiated or continued after a moratorium under section 14(1)(a) of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) has come into effect.

Pr. CIT v. Monnet Ispat & Energy Ltd.
107 Taxmann.com 481 · 2019 · Supreme Court
34
citing judgments

The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 overrides any other enactment, including the Income Tax Act, when an NCLT has declared a moratorium under Section 14 of the IBC. Proceedings against the assessee are barred during the moratorium.

Ghanashyam Mishra & Sons (P.) Ltd. v. Edelweis Asset Reconstruction Co. Ltd.
9 SCC 657 · 2021 · Reported
33
citing judgments

All claims, including statutory dues, that predate the approval of a resolution plan under the IBC stand extinguished by operation of law. No proceedings can be initiated or continued for such claims if they are not part of the approved plan.

New Delhi Municipal Council v. Minosha India Ltd.
138 Taxmann.com 73 · 2022 · Supreme Court
28
citing judgments

The moratorium period under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, will be excluded when calculating the limitation period for proceedings involving a corporate debtor. The Assessing Officer can seek re-institution of an appeal if the resolution process concludes.

Murli Industries Limited v. ACIT
441 ITR 8 · 2022 · High Court
22
citing judgments

Income tax proceedings initiated against a corporate debtor under section 148 for assessment years prior to the approval of a resolution plan under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) are invalid, as the IBC aims to provide certainty by extinguishing all claims not part of the resolution plan.

236 ITR 832 (Guj) (para 21) Snowcem India Ltd. v. Deputy CIT
313 ITR 170 · 2009 · High Court
21
citing judgments

Reopening assessment proceedings under Section 147 is permissible within four years, even if full and true particulars were provided during the original assessment, provided the Assessing Officer forms a prima facie opinion of underassessment or escapement of income.

Mrs. Jai Rajkumar v. Stanbic Bank Ghana Ltd.
101 Taxmann.com 329 · 2019 · High Court
19
citing judgments

Appeals filed by an assessee without permission from the NCLT or a letter of authority from the Interim Resolution Professional are not maintainable.

Palogix Infrastructure (P.) Ltd. v. Asstt. CIT
135 Taxmann.com 73 · 2022 · ITAT
15
citing judgments

Appeals filed by a corporate debtor before the Tribunal are dismissed as infructuous when proceedings cannot continue against the corporate debtor after an NCLT order, due to the moratorium period under the IBC Code.

Judgments on Section 238

Unity Infrasporjects Ltd, Mumbai vs. Asst CIT Cen Cir 8(2), Mumbai

In the result, the appeals filed by the assessee stands dismissed

ITA 3484/MUM/2016[2006-07]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai20 Jul 2022AY 2006-07

Bench: Shri Aby T. Varkey, Jm & Shri Amarjit Singh, Am आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3484 /Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2006-07) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3478 /Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2007-08) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3480 /Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2008-09) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3479 /Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2009-10) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3482/Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2010-11) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3481/Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2011-12) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3483/Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2012-13) बिधम/ M/S. Unity Infraprojects Ltd. Acit, Central Circle-8(2) 1252,Pushpanjali (Erstwhile, Acit, Central Vs. Apartments, Old Prabhadevi Circle-45) Road, Prabhadevi, Mumbai- Aayakar Bhavan, Mumbai- 400025. 400020. स्थायी लेखा सं./जीआइआर सं./Pan/Gir No. : Aaacu4560E .. (प्रत्यथी / Respondent) Assessee By: None Revenue By: Shri Prabhat Kumar Gupta (Dr) सुनवाई की तारीख / Date Of Hearing: 12/07/2022 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement: 20/07/2022 आदेश / O R D E R Per Bench: These Appeals Have Been Filed By The Assessee Company Against The Order Of The Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals) - 48

For Appellant: NoneFor Respondent: Shri Prabhat Kumar Gupta (DR)
Section 10Section 14Section 178(6)Section 238Section 31

Unity Infrasporjects Ltd, Mumbai vs. Asst CIT Cen Cir 8(2), Mumbai

In the result, the appeals filed by the assessee stands dismissed

ITA 3483/MUM/2016[2012-13]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai20 Jul 2022AY 2012-13

Bench: Shri Aby T. Varkey, Jm & Shri Amarjit Singh, Am आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3484 /Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2006-07) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3478 /Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2007-08) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3480 /Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2008-09) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3479 /Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2009-10) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3482/Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2010-11) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3481/Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2011-12) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3483/Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2012-13) बिधम/ M/S. Unity Infraprojects Ltd. Acit, Central Circle-8(2) 1252,Pushpanjali (Erstwhile, Acit, Central Vs. Apartments, Old Prabhadevi Circle-45) Road, Prabhadevi, Mumbai- Aayakar Bhavan, Mumbai- 400025. 400020. स्थायी लेखा सं./जीआइआर सं./Pan/Gir No. : Aaacu4560E .. (प्रत्यथी / Respondent) Assessee By: None Revenue By: Shri Prabhat Kumar Gupta (Dr) सुनवाई की तारीख / Date Of Hearing: 12/07/2022 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement: 20/07/2022 आदेश / O R D E R Per Bench: These Appeals Have Been Filed By The Assessee Company Against The Order Of The Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals) - 48

For Appellant: NoneFor Respondent: Shri Prabhat Kumar Gupta (DR)
Section 10Section 14Section 178(6)Section 238Section 31

Unity Infrasporjects Ltd, Mumbai vs. Asst CIT Cen Cir 8(2), Mumbai

In the result, the appeals filed by the assessee stands dismissed

ITA 3482/MUM/2016[2010-11]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai20 Jul 2022AY 2010-11

Bench: Shri Aby T. Varkey, Jm & Shri Amarjit Singh, Am आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3484 /Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2006-07) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3478 /Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2007-08) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3480 /Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2008-09) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3479 /Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2009-10) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3482/Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2010-11) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3481/Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2011-12) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3483/Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2012-13) बिधम/ M/S. Unity Infraprojects Ltd. Acit, Central Circle-8(2) 1252,Pushpanjali (Erstwhile, Acit, Central Vs. Apartments, Old Prabhadevi Circle-45) Road, Prabhadevi, Mumbai- Aayakar Bhavan, Mumbai- 400025. 400020. स्थायी लेखा सं./जीआइआर सं./Pan/Gir No. : Aaacu4560E .. (प्रत्यथी / Respondent) Assessee By: None Revenue By: Shri Prabhat Kumar Gupta (Dr) सुनवाई की तारीख / Date Of Hearing: 12/07/2022 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement: 20/07/2022 आदेश / O R D E R Per Bench: These Appeals Have Been Filed By The Assessee Company Against The Order Of The Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals) - 48

For Appellant: NoneFor Respondent: Shri Prabhat Kumar Gupta (DR)
Section 10Section 14Section 178(6)Section 238Section 31

Unity Infrasporjects Ltd, Mumbai vs. Asst CIT Cen Cir 8(2), Mumbai

In the result, the appeals filed by the assessee stands dismissed

ITA 3481/MUM/2016[2011-12]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai20 Jul 2022AY 2011-12

Bench: Shri Aby T. Varkey, Jm & Shri Amarjit Singh, Am आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3484 /Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2006-07) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3478 /Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2007-08) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3480 /Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2008-09) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3479 /Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2009-10) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3482/Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2010-11) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3481/Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2011-12) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3483/Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2012-13) बिधम/ M/S. Unity Infraprojects Ltd. Acit, Central Circle-8(2) 1252,Pushpanjali (Erstwhile, Acit, Central Vs. Apartments, Old Prabhadevi Circle-45) Road, Prabhadevi, Mumbai- Aayakar Bhavan, Mumbai- 400025. 400020. स्थायी लेखा सं./जीआइआर सं./Pan/Gir No. : Aaacu4560E .. (प्रत्यथी / Respondent) Assessee By: None Revenue By: Shri Prabhat Kumar Gupta (Dr) सुनवाई की तारीख / Date Of Hearing: 12/07/2022 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement: 20/07/2022 आदेश / O R D E R Per Bench: These Appeals Have Been Filed By The Assessee Company Against The Order Of The Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals) - 48

For Appellant: NoneFor Respondent: Shri Prabhat Kumar Gupta (DR)
Section 10Section 14Section 178(6)Section 238Section 31

Unity Infrasporjects Ltd, Mumbai vs. Asst CIT Cen Cir 8(2), Mumbai

In the result, the appeals filed by the assessee stands dismissed

ITA 3480/MUM/2016[2008-09]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai20 Jul 2022AY 2008-09

Bench: Shri Aby T. Varkey, Jm & Shri Amarjit Singh, Am आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3484 /Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2006-07) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3478 /Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2007-08) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3480 /Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2008-09) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3479 /Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2009-10) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3482/Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2010-11) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3481/Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2011-12) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3483/Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2012-13) बिधम/ M/S. Unity Infraprojects Ltd. Acit, Central Circle-8(2) 1252,Pushpanjali (Erstwhile, Acit, Central Vs. Apartments, Old Prabhadevi Circle-45) Road, Prabhadevi, Mumbai- Aayakar Bhavan, Mumbai- 400025. 400020. स्थायी लेखा सं./जीआइआर सं./Pan/Gir No. : Aaacu4560E .. (प्रत्यथी / Respondent) Assessee By: None Revenue By: Shri Prabhat Kumar Gupta (Dr) सुनवाई की तारीख / Date Of Hearing: 12/07/2022 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement: 20/07/2022 आदेश / O R D E R Per Bench: These Appeals Have Been Filed By The Assessee Company Against The Order Of The Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals) - 48

For Appellant: NoneFor Respondent: Shri Prabhat Kumar Gupta (DR)
Section 10Section 14Section 178(6)Section 238Section 31

Unity Infrasporjects Ltd, Mumbai vs. Asst CIT Cen Cir 8(2), Mumbai

In the result, the appeals filed by the assessee stands dismissed

ITA 3479/MUM/2016[2009-10]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai20 Jul 2022AY 2009-10

Bench: Shri Aby T. Varkey, Jm & Shri Amarjit Singh, Am आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3484 /Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2006-07) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3478 /Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2007-08) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3480 /Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2008-09) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3479 /Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2009-10) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3482/Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2010-11) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3481/Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2011-12) & आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No. 3483/Mum/2016 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year:2012-13) बिधम/ M/S. Unity Infraprojects Ltd. Acit, Central Circle-8(2) 1252,Pushpanjali (Erstwhile, Acit, Central Vs. Apartments, Old Prabhadevi Circle-45) Road, Prabhadevi, Mumbai- Aayakar Bhavan, Mumbai- 400025. 400020. स्थायी लेखा सं./जीआइआर सं./Pan/Gir No. : Aaacu4560E .. (प्रत्यथी / Respondent) Assessee By: None Revenue By: Shri Prabhat Kumar Gupta (Dr) सुनवाई की तारीख / Date Of Hearing: 12/07/2022 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement: 20/07/2022 आदेश / O R D E R Per Bench: These Appeals Have Been Filed By The Assessee Company Against The Order Of The Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals) - 48

For Appellant: NoneFor Respondent: Shri Prabhat Kumar Gupta (DR)
Section 10Section 14Section 178(6)Section 238Section 31