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“most appropriate method”

Transfer PricingSection 92CSection 92C1,345 judgments

The decision most relied on for most appropriate method is CIT v. Cushman & Wakefield (India) (P.) Ltd. (367 ITR 730), cited in 120 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on most appropriate method

CIT v. Cushman & Wakefield (India) (P.) Ltd.
367 ITR 730 · 2014 · High Court
120
citing judgments

This case determines the Arm's Length Price (ALP) for intra-group services and reimbursements, clarifying when charges constitute services warranting a mark-up versus mere pass-through costs. It provides guidance on the circumstances under which an ALP adjustment, including an ALP of 'nil', is appropriate for such transactions.

Dresser-Rand India (P.) Ltd. v. Addl. CIT
13 Taxmann.com 82 · 2011 · High Court
43
citing judgments

An Assessing Officer cannot disregard an assessee's decision to avail services from associated enterprises, even if the assessee has internal expertise, as the determination of necessity is the assessee's prerogative. The Transfer Pricing Officer's role is to determine the arm's length price, not the need for the service itself.

CIT v. EHPT India P Ltd.
350 ITR 41 · 2013 · High Court
41
citing judgments

The headcount method is an appropriate allocation key for indirect expenses between eligible and non-eligible units when it has been consistently accepted by revenue authorities and there is no just cause for abandoning it. Deviation from a consistently followed and accepted method can disturb or distort profits.

Mobis India Ltd. v. Dy. CIT
38 Taxmann.com 231 · 2013 · ITAT
38
citing judgments

A working capital adjustment is unreliable if it is based on broad approximations, estimations, and assumptions, and the assessee fails to demonstrate how the adjustment was arrived at.

LG Electronics India Pvt. Ltd. v. ACIT
29 Taxmann.com 300 · 2013 · High Court
37
citing judgments

The 'bright line test' is not an appropriate method for determining the existence of an international transaction for calculating arm's length price. This ruling overrules prior special bench decisions on AMP expenses.

Magneti Marelli Powertrain India Pvt. Ltd. v. DCIT
389 ITR 469 · 2016 · High Court
35
citing judgments

The Assessing Officer (AO) or Transfer Pricing Officer (TPO) cannot dispute the application of the TNMM method if they have already accepted it as the most appropriate method for certain international transactions, especially when other transactions are intrinsically linked.

Skoda Auto India (P) Ltd. v. ACIT, Aurangabad
30 SOT 319 · 2009 · ITAT
26
citing judgments

The Tribunal may allow adjustments for differences between the tested party and comparable companies to eliminate material differences, provided accurate and credible evidence is furnished.

Principal Commissioner of Income-tax-6 v. Matrix Cellular International Services (P.) Ltd.
90 Taxmann.com 54 · 2018 · High Court
25
citing judgments

The Resale Price Method (RPM) is the most appropriate method for determining the arm's length price of a distributor who does not add significant value to the goods purchased.

Judgments citing most appropriate method

Red Hat India Private Limited, Mumbai vs. Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax/ITO/ Circle 15(3)(1), Mumbai

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is treated as partly allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 2442/MUM/2022[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai22 Aug 2025AY 2018-19

Bench: Shri Amit Shukla & Shri Arun Khodpiaassessment Year : 2018-19 Red Hat India Private Limited, Asst. Commissioner Of A-201, Supreme Business Park, Income Tax/Income Tax Officer, Supreme City, Vs. Circle-15(3)(1), Hiranandani Gardens, Mumbai. Powai, Mumbai-400076. Pan : Aabcr7097N (Appellant) (Respondent) For Assessee : Shri Ajit Jain, For Revenue : Shri Pankaj Kumar, Cit-Dr Date Of Hearing : 13-08-2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 22-08-2025 O R D E R Per Amit Shukla, J.M : The Aforesaid Appeal Has Been Filed By The Assessee Against The Final Assessment Order Dated 27/07/2022 Passed By The Acit, Circle 15(3)(1) Mumbai, U/S 144C(13) For The A.Y. 2018-19, In Pursuance To The Directions Issued By The Dispute Resolution Panel-2, Mumbai-2, Dated 15/06/2022 U/S 144C(5).

For Appellant: Shri Ajit JainFor Respondent: Shri Pankaj Kumar, CIT-DR
Section 144C(13)Section 144C(5)

noted that the assessee computed its margin at 15% of the cost in the software development segment, by using TNMM as the most appropriate method. It selected 17 comparables having median of 6 Red Hat India Private Limited unadjusted range at 9.81% and median of adjusted range ... price in relation to an international transaction [or a specified domestic transaction] shall be determined by any of the following methods, being the most appropriate method, in the following manner, namely:-- (a) to (d)…………. (e) transactional net margin method, by which,— (i) the net profit margin realised by the enterprise

Mondelez India Foods Pvt. Ltd. (Formerly Known As Cadbury India Ltd.), Mumbai vs. ACIT, Range 5 (1)(2), Mumbai

In the result, appeal of the assessee company is allowed/partly

ITA 7269/MUM/2019[2015-16]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai22 Aug 2025AY 2015-16

Bench: Shri Amit Shukla & Shri Arun Khodpiaआयकर अपील सं. / Ita No.7269/Mum/2019 निर्धारण वर्ष / Assessment Year :2015-16 M/S Mondelez India Foods Private Limited (Formerly Known As Cadbury India Limited), Mondelez House, Unit No.2001, 20Th Floor Tower-3 (Wing C) India Bulls Finance Centre), Parel, Mumbai-400 013 Pan : Aaac0460H ........अपीलार्थी / Appellant बनाम / V/S. The Assistant Commissioner Of Income-Tax, Range-5(1)(2), Mumbai, Aayakar Bhavan, M.K. Road Mumbai-400 020 ......प्रत्यर्थी / Respondent Assessee By : Shri J.D. Mistri, Sr. Advocate Shri Hiten Chande Revenue By : Shri Pankaj Kumar, Cit-Dr सुनवाई की तारीख / Date Of Hearing :18.08.2025 घोषणा की तारीख / Date Of Pronouncement : 22.08.2025

For Appellant: Shri J.D. Mistri, Sr. AdvocateFor Respondent: Shri Pankaj Kumar, CIT-DR
Section 115JSection 143(3)Section 144C(1)Section 144C(5)Section 14ASection 234C

assessee in India.Inabsence of such an agreement, the first and primary precondition of treating aninternational transaction. It remains unfulfilled. Conducting FAR analysis (radortting an appropriate method is the second stage of TP adjustments. The firstthing is to first stage of TP adjustments. The first thing is to find ... clear, whichreads, "The arm's length price in relation to an international transaction shall bedetermined by any of the following methods, being the most appropriate method,having regard to the nature of transaction or class of transaction or class ofassociated persons or functions performed by such persons or such other

Rubicon Research Limited (Formerly Known As Rubicon Research Private Limited), Thane, Maharashtra vs. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax - Circle 15(3)(1), Mumbai

In the result, assessee’s appeal is allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 6647/MUM/2024[2021-22]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai18 Aug 2025AY 2021-22

Bench: Smt. Beena Pillai & Smt. Renu Jauhriआयकर अपील सं./Ita No.6647/Mum/2024 (निर्धारण वर्ा/Assessment Year: 2021-22) Rubicon Research V/S. Deputy Commissioner Of Limited (Formerly बिधम Income Tax- Circle Known As Rubicon 15(3)(1), Mumbai Research Private Aaykar Bhavan, Maharshi Limited) Karve Road, New Marine Medone House, B-75, Lines, Churchgate, Mumbai Road No. 33, Wagle 400020 Estate, Thane 400604. Assessment Unit, National Faceless Assessment Centre Income Tax Department, Ministry Of Finance Delhi स्थायी लेखा सं./जीआइआर सं./Pan/Gir No: Aabcr1422M Appellant/अपीलधर्थी .. Respondent/प्रनिवधदी निर्ााररती की ओर से /Assessee By: Shri. Darpan Kirpalani रधजस्व की ओर से /Revenue By: Shri. Asif Karmali (Sr Dr)

For Appellant: Shri. Darpan KirpalaniFor Respondent: Shri. Asif Karmali (SR DR)
Section 143(3)Section 153Section 234BSection 37Section 92CSection 92C(3)Section 92D

Cost Base under TNMM: Separate Adjustment Leads to Double Taxation 1. The Assessee adopted the Transactional Net Margin Method (TNMM) as the Most Appropriate Method ("MAM") for benchmarking its international transactions. The international transactions included: • Export of finished goods (INR 16,62,16,808), • Availing of R&D support services ... double adjustment - once under TNMM and another CUP. This is contrary to the provisions which mandate adoption of only one method as the most appropriate method. A licensing arrangement where technical know-how is used for manufacturing is an inextricable part of the entire segment and we do not find