ABERDEEN INSTITUTIONAL COMMINGLED FUNDS LLC AND ORS vs. THE AUTHORITY FOR ADVANCE RULINGS (INCOME TAX) AND ANR

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WP/9358/2018HC Bombay08 March 2019Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE AKIL KURESHI, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE M.S. SANKLECHA13 pages
AI SummaryDismissed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that Petitioners No. 2, 3, and 4 did not have the locus standi to challenge the AAR's order as they were not parties to the original application before the AAR. The petition was therefore restricted to Petitioner No. 1. Regarding the main issue, the Court acknowledged that under Delaware law and as per the Supreme Court's decision in Technip S.A., Petitioner No. 1, as an LLC, would be considered the same legal entity as its prior trust form. However, this principle of continuity of legal identity did not, by itself, satisfy the requirements of the Income Tax Act for carrying forward losses. The AAR's decision was upheld because Petitioner No. 1 had admittedly not filed any return of income or been allotted a PAN. The Court relied on Section 139(3) of the Act and the Andhra Pradesh High Court's decision in K.V.K. Raju v. CIT, which mandates that a loss must be determined pursuant to a return filed for an earlier assessment year to be eligible for carry forward. The Court clarified that this decision would not affect the claim of the three series (funds) to carry forward losses in their individual capacity, if they were otherwise entitled.

What were the facts?

The petitioners, Aberdeen Institutional Commingled Funds LLC (Petitioner No. 1) and its series funds (Petitioners No. 2-4), challenged an order of the Authority for Advance Rulings (AAR) dated February 21, 2018. The AAR had ruled that Petitioner No. 1 was not entitled to carry forward accumulated capital losses to Assessment Year 2011-12 and subsequent years under Section 74 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, despite a reorganization of the entity from a trust to an LLC effective April 19, 2010. The respondents raised a preliminary objection regarding the locus standi of Petitioners No. 2-4, as they were not applicants before the AAR. The High Court, after considering arguments, deleted Petitioners No. 2-4 from the petition, restricting it to the grievance of Petitioner No. 1.

What were the issues?

1. Whether Petitioners No. 2, 3, and 4 have the locus standi to challenge the AAR's order when they were not applicants before the AAR, and the order was passed in the context of an application by Petitioner No. 1. Assessee's Contention: Petitioners No. 2-4 are series of funds managed by Petitioner No. 1 and are its constituents. Their assessments would be affected by the AAR's order, making them necessary parties. Revenue's Contention: Petitioners No. 2-4 were not parties to the application before the AAR, and therefore, have no locus standi to challenge the impugned order. 2. Whether Petitioner No. 1 is entitled to carry forward accumulated capital losses to Assessment Year 2011-12 and thereafter under Section 74 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, notwithstanding its reorganization from a trust to an LLC effective April 19, 2010. Assessee's Contention: Petitioner No. 1, despite reorganization, remains the same legal entity as the trust under Delaware law, and thus, should be entitled to carry forward losses. Reliance was placed on the Supreme Court decision in Technip S.A. Revenue's Contention: Petitioner No. 1 had not filed any return of income or been allotted a PAN, and therefore, could not claim carry forward of losses as per Section 139(3) of the Act and the decision in K.V.K. Raju v. CIT.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 245R(6),Section 74,Section 139,Section 139(3),Section 80

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wp-9358-2018

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY APPELLATE SIDE CIVIL JURISDICTION WRIT PETITION NO. 9358 OF 2018 1 Aberdeen Institutional Commingled ] Funds LLC ] with its registered address at 1735, ] Market Street, 32nd Floor, ] Philadelphia, PA19103 USA ] 2 Aberdeen Asia Pacific Excluding Japan ] Equity Fund, a series of Aberdeen ] Institutional Commingled funds LLC ] 3 Aberdeen Asia Pacific Including Japan ] Equity Fund, a series of Aberdeen ] Institutional Commingled Funds LLC ] 4 Aberdeen Emerging Markets Equity Fund ] a series of Aberdeen Institutional ] Commingled Funds LLC ] .. Petitioners. v/s. 1 The Authority of Advance Rulings ] (Income Tax),Mumbai ] 2 Director of Income Tax ] (International Taxation)­1, Mumbai. ].. Respondents. Mr.  Porus Kaka, Sr. Advocate with Mr. Manish Kant, Mr. Rajesh Simhan and Ms. Shipra Padhi i/b. Nishith Desai & Co., for the Petitioners. Mr. Tejinder Singh with Mr. Sham Walve, for Respondent No.

2.

CNR No : HCBM010274182018 wp-9358-2018 CORAM:  AKIL KURESHI & M.S.SANKLECHA, JJ. RESERVED ON  :  28th FEBRUARY, 2019. PRONOUNCED ON :  8th MARCH, 2019. JUDGMENT:­ (Per M. S. Sanklecha,j.) This Petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, impugns  the order dated 21st February, 2018 passed under Section 245R (6) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (the Act) by the Authority for Advance Ruling (AAR). 2 This Petition arises from an application filed by the Petitioner No.1     before   the   AAR,   seeking   an   advance   ruling   on   the   following question:­ “ Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, Aberdeen Institutional Commingled Funds, LLC (“Applicant”) is entitled to carry forward accumulated capital loses, as disclosed in the application to the present Assessment Year 2011­12 and thereafter,   under   section   74   of   the   Income   Tax   Act,   1961, notwithstanding the reorganization  of the  Applicant  effective from April 19, 2010?” The impugned order dated 21st February, 2018 answered the above question in the negative Thus, holding that the applicant is not entitled to carry forward accumulated loses to the Assessment Year 2011­ 12 and, thereafter, under Section 74 of the Act. 3 At the very outset, Mr. Tejinder Singh, learned Counsel for the   Respondents   raised   a   preliminary   objection   with   regard   to   the Petitioner Nos.2,3 and 4 being parties to this Petition. This in view of the wp-9358-2018 fact that, they were not the applicants before the AAR, leading to the impugned order dated 21st February, 2018. It is pointed out that, AAR was approached only by Petitioner No.1 herein above as applicant   therein, raising the above question for Advance Ruling. The Petitioner Nos. 2 to 4 herein, were   not parties before the AAR and the impugned order was passed in the context of the question raised by Petitioner No.1 alone. Therefore, Petitioner Nos. 2 to 4 have no locus to challenge the impugned order dated 21st February,2018. Thus, Petitioner Nos.2 to 4 be deleted from this Petition. 4 Mr.Kaka, learned Sr. Counsel appearing in support of this Petition, does not dispute the fact that, Petitioner Nos. 2 to 4 were not parties to the application made by Petitioner No.1 to the AAR .  However, it is submitted that, Petitioner Nos. 2 to 4 are series of the funds run/ managed by Petitioner No.

1.

Therefore, its constituents. It is submitted that, Petitioner Nos. 2 to 4 are a part of Petitioner No.1 and, therefore, necessary parties in this Petition. The assessment of these parties i.e. Petitioner   Nos.   2   to   4   would   be   affected   as   a   consequence   of   the impugned order dated 21st February, 2018 passed by the AAR.  Thus, it is submitted that, as Petitioner Nos. 2 to 4 are necessary parties and there is no need to delete them from this Petition. 5 It is an undisputed before us that the AAR was approached by Petitioner No.1 alone, filing an application for an Advance Ruling on the above question to AAR. However, in its application, Petitioner No.1 did   describe   Petitioner   Nos.2   to   4   as   investment   series   (funds)   of Petitioner   No.

1.

Thus,   claiming   it   to   be   a   constituents/   part   of   the Petitioner No.

1.

Nevertheless, the   question as proposed by Petitioner wp-9358-2018 No.1 to the AAR was only with regard to it (Petitioner No.1) above being entitled to carry forward losses. The basis of the claim by the Petitioner No.1 for the carry forward losses under Section 74 of the Act, was as a consequence of re­organization of Petitioner No.1 w.e.f. 19th  April, 2010. In the circumstances, this Petition seeks a judicial review of the order dated 21st February, 2018 passed by the AAR and the same can only by the same parties who had made an application before the AAR and no new parties are entitled to be added in the Petition to challenge the order of the AAR. The question was answered by the AAR in the context of the application filed by Petitioner No.1 alone with regard to its claim.  In the above view, the Petitioner Nos. 2 to 4 are deleted. This Petition as filed is restricted only to the grievance of Petitioner No. 1 herein. 6 Brief facts leading to this Petition, are as under:­ (i) On 9th December, 1996, Petitioner No.1 was formed as a Delaware Statutory Trust under the laws of State of Delaware, USA. This in the name of Aberdeen Delaware Business Trust. Thus, it was an entity incorporated/ set up in USA. (ii) On 19th April, 2010, Petitioner No.1 was re­organized / converted itself   from   a   trust   into   a   Limited   Liability   Company   (LLC)   in accordance  with the Laws of the State of Delaware, USA. This was pursuant to the Trust Act and LLC Act in State of Delaware, USA. This  conversion was pursuant to Section 3821 of the Trust Act and Section 214 of the LLC Act from a statutory trust to LLC.  The above Sections of the Trust Act and LLC Act in Delaware, USA, inter alia provides that, when the statutory trust has been converted into LLC, for the purposes of law of the State of Delaware, USA, the LLC wp-9358-2018 would be deemed to be the same entity as the trust. Therefore, such conversion will not constitute a creation of a new entity. (iii) Consequent to the above conversion, Securities and Exchange Board of   India   (SEBI)   by   a   communication   dated   4th  August,   2010 addressed to one M/s. Aberdeen Asset Management Ltd., informed it that the name of the following investment series (fund) has been changed as  under:­ Sr. No. Old Name New Name SEBI Reg. No. 1 Aberdeen

Delaware Business Trust Asia Pacific (Ex Japan) Fund Aberdeen   Asia   Pacific Excluding Japan Equity Fund,   a   series   of   the Aberdeen   Institutional Commingled

Funds, LLC 2005769 2 Aberdeen

Delaware Business   Trust   Emerging Markets Equity Fund Aberdeen

Emerging Markets Equity Fund, a series   of   the   Aberdeen Institutional Commingled

Funds, LLC 2005770 3 Aberdeen

Delaware Business Trust Asia Pacific Inc Japan Fund Aberdeen   Asis   Pacific Including   Japan  Equity Fund,   a   series   of   the Aberdeen   Institutional Commingled

Funds, LLC 2006214 4 Aberdeen

Delaware Business   Trust   Global Equity Fund Aberdeen Global Equity Fund,   a   series   of   the Aberdeen   Institutional Commingled

Funds, LLC 20070202 wp-9358-2018 Aberdeen

Delaware Business   Trust   Emerging Markets   Small   Companies Fun Aberdeen

Emerging Markets

Smaller Companies   Fund,   a series   of   the   Aberdeen Institutional Commingled Funds LLC 20070831

This change in the records of SEBI was in effect a constitution of its earlier Registration. It is pertinent to note that, Petitioner Nos. 2 to 4 are the same noted as Nos. 1 to 3 above in the communication. (iv) Thereafter, on 16th  April, 2012, Petitioner made an application to the AAR, seeking Advance Ruling on the question referred to herein above.   The applicant after setting out change in the status and name   from   Aberdeen   Delaware   Business   Trust   to   Aberdeen Commingled Funds LLC, pointed out loses which had been claimed in   the   return   filed   by   three   of   its   investment   series   (funds) namely ­ Aberdeen Asia Pacific Excluding Japan Equity Fund, a series of Aberdeen   Institutional   Commingled   funds   LLC, Aberdeen Asia Pacific Including Japan,  Equity Fund, a series of Aberdeen, Institutional   Commingled   Funds   LLC   Aberdeen Emerging Markets Equity Fund a series of Aberdeen Institutional Commingled Funds LLC. The aforesaid application sought a Ruling from the AAR on the above question.  The application of Petitioner No.1  was admitted on 7th January, 2017 under Section 245R(2) of the Act. (v) Thereafter, parties were  heard by the AAR at the final  hearing of the application made by the Petitioner No.

1.

Consequent to the above, on 21st February,  2018, the impugned order was passed by the AAR, holding that, in the facts and the circumstances of the wp-9358-2018 case,   the   Petitioner   No.1   i.e.   applicant   before   it   would   not   be entitled to carry forward accumulated loses, as there is no provision in the Act which allows one assessee to carry forward and set off loses incurred by some other assessee. Thus, the above question was answered in the negative i.e. against the Petitioner. 7 Thus, this Petition challenges the impugned order dated 21st February, 2018 of the AAR. 8 Mr.   Kaka,   learned   Sr.   Counsel   in   support   of   the   Petition submits as under:­ (i) The Petitioner No.1 was earlier constituted as a statutory trust under the laws of State of Delaware, USA.   It was on 19th  April, 2010 that the Petitioner was converted from a statutory trust into a LLC under the laws of the State of Delaware, USA. However, under the law of Delaware, in particular,in view of Section 3821 of the Trust Act and Section 214 of the LLC Act, the trust when converted into a LLC in accordance with the  law of State of Delaware, USA, would   be   deemed   to   be   the   same   entity   as   it   was   before   the conversion.  Thus, Petitioner No.1 being the same entity both before and after its conversion, the Petitioner No.1 is entitled to carry forward its losses for the earlier year under Section 74 of the Act; (ii) In terms of Private International Law, the status of a company which is incorporated abroad is determined with reference to the foreign laws. In this case, the laws of State of Delaware, USA and not by laws of India. This continued status would continue to hold in respect of the Petitioner No.1 even in India. Moreover, this  issue wp-9358-2018 is   no   longer   open   to   debate   in   view   of   the   Supreme   Court decision in  Technip S. A. v/s. SMS Holding (P) Ltd., & Others (2005) 5 SCC 465 ; (iii) Reliance was also placed upon the communication dated 4th August, 2010  of SEBI, allowing the  same registration to  the  five series (funds) even after change of its name.  Thus, the same support the view   that   the   status   of   the   parties   even   after   conversions, continues to be the same; (iv) In any case, under Section 2 (17) of the Act, the company has been defined   for   the   purposes   of   the   Act,   as   a   body   corporate incorporated by orunder the law of the country outside India would also be considered to be a company for the purposes of this Act. Thus, it is entitled to the benefit of the Act; and (v) The Ruling sought from the AAR was that the Petitioner be allowed to carry forward loses incurred by the three series (funds) being run by the Petitioners for the Assessment Year 2011­12 and subsequent thereto. As the Petitioner continues to be same person, both in its earlier status as a trust an now as LLC. Benefit of carry forward loss should have been extended to the Petitioner No.1 by the AAR. 9 As against the above, Mr. Tejvindeer Singh, learned Counsel for   the   Revenue   while   opposing   the   Petition,   makes   submissions   as under:­ (a) The Respondent do not dispute nor does  the impugned order of the AAR disputes the position in law that the status of the Petitioner under the conflict of law is to be decided by the Court in which the wp-9358-2018 entity was incorporated, in  this case, State of Delaware, USA; (b) The applicant is not assessee under the Act as the return of income have not been filed by the Petitioner No.

1.

The return of income is filed by its three series (funds) who have been individually assigned Permanent   Account   Number   (PAN).   It   is   thus,   the   three   series (funds), each of whom is recognized as assessee under the Act. It   is   these   series   (funds)   who   would   be   entitled   if   otherwise permitted in law to carry forward thelosses, declared in the earlier returns of income for the subject Assessment Year 2011­12 and subsequent years in accordance with law; (c) The Petitioner No.1 not having filed any return, much less loss return of income, is not entitled to claim benefit of Section 74 of the Act. In support, attention was invited to Section 80 of the Act which  permits the carry forward of losses only when return of income is been filed, claiming loss for the purposes of being set off   under   Section   74   of   the   Act.   In     this   case,   admittedly, Petitioner No.1 has not filed any return of income, claiming such loss; and (d) Attention was drawn to the fact that SEBI had allowed the same registration even after change in name of five of its series (funds), however, the application made by the Petitioner was in respect of only   three   of   the   series   (funds)   out   of   the   five   series   (fund), operating in India. It was submitted, if all of them, as contended by the Petitioner constitutes a part of the Petitioner, then the set off of loss and profit in each of the series should have been worked out, inter se and the return of income ought to have been filed by the Petitioner with the income tax authorities. This has admittedly not wp-9358-2018 been done. 10 We have considered the rival submissions.  At the very outset, it must be pointed out that neither the AAR nor the Respondent dispute the fact that, in accordance with principles of Private International Law, the status of an entity, incorporated abroad, has to be determined even in India,   according   to   the   law   of   the   Country,   where   the   entity   was incorporated. This, issue is no longer res integra as it stands covered in favaor of the Petitioner's contention by the Supreme Court in Technip S.A. (supra). Thus, there is no dispute before us that the Petitioner No.1 both as a trust and as LLC in terms of the law of Delaware, USA, continues to be the same person. This position is accepted in India. Therefore, gain and loss earned by it in its earlier avtar  would in law,  not be denied only because of change in status from Trust to LLC. However, we note that the AAR answered the above question for Advance Ruling in the negative not on the above ground of change of status of Petitioner No.1 but on the ground that Petitioner No.1 was not possessed of any carry forward loss for the earlier Assessment Year to be set off in Assessment Year 2011­12 and subsequent Assessment Years in terms of Section 74 of the Act. It was in   the   context   of   question   framed   viz.   Whether   Petitioner   No.1 (applicant) is  entitled to  carry forward losses for earlier years under Section 74 of the Act, that the AAR  held that the Petitioner was not the assessee who had claimed a loss in the earlier Assessment Year. The Petitioner No.1  had  admittedly   filed no  return  of  income  and  is  not allotted any PAN. In the above factual position, the impugned order of the AAR  placed reliance upon Section 80 of the Act and the  decision of the A. P.   High Court in  K.V.K. Raju v/s. CIT  reported in  252 ITR 754  – wherein it has been held that, before a carry forward loss can be claimed wp-9358-2018 by the assessee, it is necessary that, a loss a has been determined in pursuance of a return filed for the earlier Assessment Year under Section 139 of the Act. 11 The submission on behalf of the Petitioner in rejoinder that Section 80 of the Act only prescribed the time period within which the return of income should be filed, is not correct.  In fact, Section 139(3) of the Act itself provides that any person who has sustained a loss in the previous year, under the head 'profits and gains of business or profession' or under the head 'capital gain' and claims that such loss or any part thereof, should be carried forward, inter alia section 74 of the Act, then he must furnish a return of income. The loss return in the prescribed form as to be filed, as if it was  a regular return of income under Section 139(1) of the Act.   It is not the case of the Petitioner either before the AAR or even before us that, it had filed any return of income even under the Act. Therefore, though in principle, there can be no dispute that the decision of the Supreme Court in Technip (supra) would in Private International Law decide that the status of the Petitioner No.1 as LLC  would continue in law to be the same as it was in its earlier avtar/ before conversion, as a Trust.  However, the same would not by itself meet with the requirements provided under the Act so as to enable the party to carry forward the loss under Section 74 of the Act. In fact, this distinction is brought out by the Supreme Court in Technip (supra) in paragraph 18 thereof, which reads as under:­ “ This general rule regarding determination of status by the lex incorporationis will not apply when the issue relates to the   discharge   of   obligations   or   assertion   of   rights   by   a corporation   in   another   country,   whether   such   obligation   is wp-9358-2018 imposed by or right arises under the statute or contract, which is governed by the law of such other country.” 12 The reliance by the Petitioner upon the communication dated 4th August, 2010 by SEBI as the Regulatory Authority, allowing the series (funds) to continue with its earlier Registration, even after the change of its name does not assist the Petitioner. This for the reason that, before the AAR, it is not the series (funds) who are seeking to carry forward the losses but the Petitioner No.1 who has admittedly filed no return of income and is not assessed under the Act. Besides, the requirement of the Act has to be independently satisfied by the Petitioner No.1 before the AAR to carry forward the losses.  As pointed out above, this has not been satisfied by the Petitioner No.1 as correctly held by the AAR.

13 One cannot loose sight of the fact that, the ruling of the AAR on the question as proposed would necessarily depend upon context, in which, the question has been raised. In this case, the Petitioner No.1 was seeking to carry forward accumulated loses under Section 74 of the Act when admittedly it had not filed any return of income, claiming loses for the earlier Assessment Year under the Act and it was not an Assessee under the Act. Thus, no fault can be found with the impugned order of the AAR,   answering   the   question   as   posed   for   its   consideration   by   the Petitioner   No.1   in   the   negative.   However,   it   is   made   clear   that,   this decision will not impact the case of the three series (funds) to claim the benefit of carrying forward losses under Section 74 of the Act, if they are otherwise entitlement to it in law.   Neither the AAR nor we had any occasion in the present proceedings to decide whether or  not, the three series (funds), for whom the Petitioner is claiming benefit in its hands, are wp-9358-2018 entitled to the benefit of carry forward loses under Section 74 of the Act or not. Their claim, if any, in their individual capacity is left untouched by this order to be decided in appropriate proceedings, if claimed by them. 14 In the above view, Petition is dismissed. (M.S.SANKLECHA,J.) (AKIL KURESHI,J.)

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