PR. COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, SURAT 1 vs. M/S KADODARA POWER PVT LTD

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TAXAP/383/2019HC GujaratGJHC24020967201906 August 2019Author: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE J.B.PARDIWALA,HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE A.C. RAO7 pages
AI SummaryDismissed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal was correct in deleting the disallowance of additional depreciation. The Court relied on the Supreme Court's decision in State of Andhra Pradesh vs. NTPC Ltd., which established that electricity is 'goods' and its generation is akin to the production of an 'article or thing'. The Delhi High Court's decision in Principal Commissioner of Income-tax, New Delhi vs. NTPC Sail Power Co. (P.) Ltd. was also cited, which affirmed that electricity has the trappings of 'articles' or 'things' and the benefit of additional depreciation cannot be denied. The Court noted that the amendment by the Finance Act, 2012, which expressly included power generation entities, further supported the view that such activities were always considered manufacturing processes. Therefore, the assessee was rightly held entitled to additional depreciation. The appeal filed by the Revenue was dismissed.

What were the facts?

The assessee, M/s Kadodara Power Pvt Ltd, engaged in power generation, claimed additional depreciation of Rs. 1,11,25,307 on its power plant and electric installations for Assessment Year 2006-07. The Assessing Officer disallowed this claim, holding that power generation does not constitute the production of 'articles or things' as required by Section 32(1)(ii) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The CIT(A) upheld the Assessing Officer's view. The Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT), however, allowed the assessee's appeal, granting the additional depreciation. The Revenue, dissatisfied with the ITAT's order, has filed this appeal before the High Court.

What were the issues?

1. Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case and in law, the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal is right in deleting the disallowance of additional depreciation claimed by the assessee under Section 32(1)(ii) of the Income Tax Act, 1961? Assessee's Contention (as inferred from ITAT's reasoning): The assessee contended that the generation of electricity is akin to the production of an 'article or thing' and therefore eligible for additional depreciation. They relied on the Supreme Court's decision in State of Andhra Pradesh vs. NTPC Ltd. and the Delhi Tribunal's decision in NTPC Ltd. vs. DCIT, which held that electricity is 'goods' and its generation is production. The ITAT also noted that subsequent amendments (Finance Act, 2012) specifically included power generation entities, reinforcing the view that it was always considered a manufacturing process. Revenue's Contention (as inferred from Assessing Officer's action and appeal): The Revenue contended that the assessee, being a power generating company, is not engaged in the business of manufacturing or production of 'articles or things' as contemplated under Section 32(1)(ii). The Assessing Officer's view was that power generation is not equivalent to producing tangible articles or things, and therefore, additional depreciation was not admissible.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 32(1)(ii),Section 32(1)(iia),Section 260A

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
C/TAXAP/383/2019 ORDER IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD R/TAX APPEAL NO. 383 of 2019 ========================================================== PR. COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, SURAT 1 Versus M/S KADODARA POWER PVT LTD ========================================================== Appearance: MRS KALPANAK RAVAL(1046) for the Appellant(s) No. 1 MS VAIBHAVI K PARIKH(3238) for the Opponent(s) No. 1 ========================================================== CORAM: HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE J.B.PARDIWALA and HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE A.C. RAO   Date : 06/08/2019

ORAL ORDER (PER : HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE J.B.PARDIWALA)

1.

This tax appeal under Section 260A of the Income Tax Act, 1961 [for short  'the Act, 1961'] is at the instance of the  Revenue and is directed against the order passed by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Surat Bench, Surat in the ITA No.143/AHD/2016, dated 06/09/2018 for the A.Y 2006­07. 2. The Revenue has proposed the following substantial question of law for the consideration of this Court:­ (i) Whether on the facts and in circumstances of the case and in law,   the   Income   Tax   Appellate   Tribunal   is   right   in   deleting   the disallowance   of   additional   depreciation   claimed   by   the   assessee u/s.32(1)(ii)?

3.

It   is   not   in   dispute   that   the   assessee   is   in   the   business   of generation of power. The assessee claimed the additional depreciation of Rs.1,11,25,307/­   on   the   power   plant   and   electric   installations.   The Assessing Officer declined to grant such additional depreciation taking the view that plants and machinery are covered under section 32(1)(i) of the Act, on which, normal depreciation is allowable. The Assessing Officer took the view that the additional depreciation at 20% would be allowable under section 32(1)(ii) in respect of the plants and machinery acquired   and   installed   after   31st  March   2005   and   used   in   the manufacturing or production of articles or things. In short, the view was taken that the assessee company could not be said to be producing any articles or things it being a power generating company.

4.

The assessee being dissatisfied with the disallowance at the end of the Assessing Officer preferred an appeal before the CIT(A). The CIT(A) concurred   with   the   findings   recorded   by   the   Assessing   Officer   and ultimately, dismissed the appeal.

5.

The assessee preferred an appeal before the ITAT, Surat Bench at Surat.   The   ITAT   allowed   the   appeal   preferred   by   the   assessee   and granted   the   additional   depreciation   on   the   plants   and   machinery installed in the Captive Power Plant.

6.

Being dissatisfied with the order passed by the ITAT, the Revenue is here before this Court with the present appeal proposing substantial question of law as referred to above.

7.

We take notice of the fact that the ITAT while allowing the appeal of the assessee observed in Paragraphs­11 and 12 of its impugned order are as under:­

11.

We   may  note   that  the   expression   'article  or   thing'  used   in section 32(1)(iia) is not defined in the IT Act, 1961. The Supreme held that electricity is 'goods' and therefore production/generation of electricity is production of article or thing. Further, Delhi Tribunal in case of NTPC Ltd. Vs.DCIT (2012) 54 SOT 177 wherein assessee's claim of additional depreciation was disallowed on the ground that power/ electricity generated by assessee could not be equated with an article   or   thing   which   was   being   manufacturing   in   an   industrial undertaking, held that if there can be sale and purchase of electric energy like any movable object, then electric energy is covered by the definition of goods and thus admissibility of additional depreciation could not be denied to assessee merely on the ground that electricity is not an article and thing. In view of the said decisions, P&M acquired and   installed   by   assessee   for   generation   of   electricity   is   akin   to manufacture or production of an article or thing and consequently assessee is entitled for additional depreciation u/s.32(1)(ia) on same.

12.

It is now a settled position as held by the Hon'ble Supreme Court and the various Co­ordinate Benches of the Tribunal that the process of generation of electricity is akin to manufacture of an article or thing, the assessee in the instant case satisfy the requirement that it is engaged in the business of manufacture or production of an article or thing. Now coming to the amendment which has been brought­in by the   Finance   Act   2012   w.e.f.   A.Y.   2013­14   whereby   the   assessee engaged in the business of generation or generation & distribution of power have specifically been included and held eligible for claim of additional depreciation. In our view, the said amendment cannot be held to disentitle the assessee to claim of the additional depreciation. Various   Coordinate   Benches   have   held   that   even   prior   to   the amendment   brought   in   by   the   Finance   Act,   2012,   the   assessees enegaged in generation or generation and distribution of electricity were held eligible for additional depreciation. In this regard, reference can be drawn to the decision  of NTPC Ltd. (supra). No contrary authority   has   been   brought   to   our   notice.   In   our   view,   the   said amendment cannot be read to negate the settled legal position that generation of electricity is akin to manufacture or production of an article or thing. The said amendment by the Finance Act 2912 gives an impetus to the view that generation of electricity is a manufacturing process. In light of above, the assessee is held entitled to the additional claim of depreciation on plants and machinery installed in the Captive Power Plant. Hence, the Ground No.2 of appeal of the assessee is allowed.

8.

The issue raised by the Revenue is no longer res­integra in view of a   decision   of   the   Delhi   High   Court   in   the   case   of  Principal Commissioner of Income­tax, New Delhi Vs. NTPC Sail Power Co. (P.) Ltd. reported in [2019] 103 taxmann.com 398 (Delhi). 9. “articles” or “things” and the benefit of additional depreciation cannot be denied. We quote the relevant observations as under:­

6.

Section 32(1)(iia) of the Act as it stood at the relevant time, read as follows:

"

32.

Depreciation: (1) In respect of depreciation of ­ .... (iia) In the case of any new machinery or plant (other than ships and aircraft), which has been acquired and installed after the 31st day of March, 2005, by an assessee engaged in the business of manufacture or production of any article or thing, a further sum equal to twenty per cent of the actual cost of such machinery or plant shall be allowed as deduction under clause (ii)."

7.

Learned counsel for the assessee has drawn our attention to the judgment   of   the   Karnataka  High  Court   dated   16.09.2014   in   ITA No.08/2014 [Commissioner of Income Tax vs. The Hutti Gold Mines Co.   Ltd.]   wherein   the   question   of   additional   depreciation   was considered and it was held as follows:

"

3.

The material on record shows that the assessee is generating electricity through windmill as a second line of business. It is a product of the assessee company. It is covered under the words "article" or "thing", which is tradable / identifiable. In other words, the electricity  falls within the definition of Sale of Goods Act, 1930,   and   process   of   generation   of   electricity   is   akin   to manufacture or production of an "article" or "thing". The power generated   need   not   necessarily   be   used   in   the   production   of assessee's own products namely mining and extraction of gold. The use of electricity in the manufacturing activity of the core business of the assessee is not a precondition for the grant of additional depreciation under the statute. Therefore, we do not see any merit in this appeal. Accordingly, this appeal is rejected.

4.

However, we have not gone into the question of applicability of Section 32(1)(iia) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, and the question as to whether clarificatory or not is kept open to be decided at proper time."

Although the Karnataka High Court held that it was not going into the question   of   Section   32(1)(iia)   and   the   question   of   whether   the subsequent amendment was clarificatory, the analysis of the Court is in our view also applicable to the interpretation of the said provision for the purposes of the present dispute.

8.

Similarly, it is clear that electricity has been held to be "goods" for 1895. The Supreme Court, in that judgment held as follows:

“20. Before we deal with the constitutional aspects let us first state what electricity is, as understood in law, and what are its relevant characteristics. It is settled with the pronouncement of this Court in Commissioner of Sales Tax, Madhya Pradesh, Indore v. Madhya Pradesh   Electricity   Board,   Jabalpur   –   1969(2)   SCR   939   that electricity is goods. The definition of goods as given in Article 366 (12) of the Constitution was considered by this Court and it was held that the definition in terms is very wide according to which “goods” means all kinds of moveable property. The term “moveable property” when considered with reference to “goods” as defined for the purpose of sales­tax cannot be taken in a narrow sense and merely because electrical energy is not tangible or cannot be moved or touched like, for instance, a piece of wood or a book it cannot cease to be moveable property when it has all the attributes of such property. It is capable of abstraction, consumption and use which if done dishonestly is punishable under Section 39 of the Indian Electricity Act, 1910. If there can be sale and purchase of electrical energy like any other moveable object, this Court held that there was no difficulty in holding that electric energy was intended to be covered  by the  definition  of “goods”.  However, A.N.Grover, J., speaking for three­Judge Bench of this Court went on to observe that electric energy “can be transmitted, transferred, delivered, stored, possessed etc. in the same way as any other moveable property”. In this observation we agree with Grover. J., on all other   characteristics   of   electric   energy   except   that   it   can   be “stored  and to the extent that electric energy can be “stored , the ‟ ‟

observation must be held to be erroneous or by oversight. The science and technology till this day have not been able to evolve any methodology by which electric energy can be preserved or stored.”

9.

The Tribunal's judgment in NTPC vs. DCIT [relied upon in the orders of the CIT(A) as well as the Tribunal in the present case] followed this judgment of the Supreme Court to hold that electricity has all the necessary trappings of “articles” or “things” and the benefit of additional depreciation cannot be denied.

10.

As   held   by   the   Constitution   Bench,   electricity   is   capable   of abstraction, transmission, transfer, delivery, possession, consumption and use like any other movable property. Following the same logic, to deny the benefit of additional depreciation to a generating entity on the basis that electricity is not an “article” or “thing” is in our view an artificially   restrictive   meaning   of   the   provision.   The   benefit   of additional depreciation under Section 32(1)(iia) has, therefore, been rightly granted to the assessee by the concurrent judgments of the CIT(A) and the Tribunal.

11.

We also note that, w.e.f. from 01.04.2013, the provision has been amended   by   the   Finance   Act,  2012   and   assessees   engaged   in   the generation of power have expressly been included in the ambit thereof.

10.

This  Court  in  the  case  of  Commissioner   of Income­tax­1  Vs. Diamines & Chemicals Ltd. reported in [2014] 42 taxmann.com 193 observed in Para­3 as under:­

3.

Heard Shri K.M. Parikh, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the revenue and perused the impugned judgement and order passed by the ITAT. At the outset, it is required to be noted that the assessee claimed the deduction under Section 32(1)(iia) of the Income Tax Act with respect to the cost incurred by it for installation of the Wind Electric Generator. The Assessing Officer disallowed the same and made the addition of Rs.1,17,98,030/­ by observing that as the assessee is not in the business of generation and distribution of power, the assessee shall not be entitled to deduction under Section 32(1)(iia) of the Income Tax Act of Rs.1,17,98,030/­. The said addition has been deleted by the CIT(A) relying upon the decisions of the Madras High Court in the case of VTM Ltd (Supra) and in the case of Hi Tech Arai Ltd. (Supra). In both the aforesaid decisions, the Madras High Court had an occasion to consider the similar issue and it is held that while claiming the deduction under Section 32(1)(iia) of the Income Tax Act setting up will mill has nothing to do with the power industry and what is required to be satisfied in order to claim additional depreciation is that the setting up of new machinery or plant should have been acquired and installed by an assessee, who was already engaged in the business of manufacture or production of any article or thing. Considering the aforesaid   facts   and   circumstances   and   considering   the   relevant provisions of Section 32(1)(iia) of the Income Tax Act, which was prevailing   at   the   relevant   time,   i.e.   during   the   year   under consideration, it cannot be said that the ITAT by applying the ratio of decision of the Madras High Court in the case of VTM Ltd (Supra) and in the case of  Hi Tech Arai Ltd. (Supra)  has committed any error   in   deleting   the   addition   of   Rs.1,17,98,030/­   on   account   of disallowance of additional depreciation of Wind Electric Generator.

11.

In view of the aforesaid, no error not to speak of any error of law could  be  said  to  have  been  committed   by  the  appellate  tribunal in passing the impugned order.

12.

In the result, this appeal fails and is hereby dismissed. (J. B. PARDIWALA, J) (A. C. RAO, J) aruna

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