Section 32(1)(ii) of the Income Tax Act
The decision most relied on for Section 32(1)(ii) is CIT v. Smifs Securities Ltd. (348 ITR 302), cited in 540 of the 122 judgments on BharatTax that turn on this section.
Leading authorities on Section 32(1)(ii)
Goodwill, whether arising from an amalgamation or a slump sale, is an intangible asset eligible for depreciation under Section 32(1) of the Income-tax Act. While the assessee must prove the existence and valuation of such goodwill, it is recognized as a depreciable asset.
The Supreme Court approves the mixed fund theory, holding that no interest disallowance is warranted under section 36(1)(iii) if investments or advances are made from the assessee's own non-interest bearing funds, even when mixed funds are available. This presumption applies when non-interest bearing funds are sufficient to meet the investments.
A provision for warranty expenses or other contingent liabilities is deductible if it represents a present liability arising from past events, provided its estimation is based on a scientific and systematic methodology, even if the exact quantum of future outflow is uncertain.
Membership rights and business contracts, as 'business or commercial rights of similar nature' to a license or franchise, qualify as intangible assets eligible for depreciation under Section 32(1)(ii) of the Income-tax Act.
Depreciation under Section 32 is allowable as an application of income for charitable trusts computing income under Section 11. The amendment to Section 11(6) by Finance (No. 2) Act, 2014, is prospective, applicable from Assessment Year 2015-16.
Income earned during the project construction stage, which has a direct nexus or is inextricably linked to the project's setting up, constitutes a capital receipt not liable to tax and reduces the project cost.
Business contracts and commercial rights of similar nature qualify as intangible assets under Section 32(1)(ii) and are eligible for depreciation. The decision also affirms that goodwill is an intangible asset eligible for depreciation.
The Comparable Uncontrolled Price (CUP) method requires strict comparability conditions between associated enterprise (AE) and non-AE transactions for benchmarking; if these conditions are not met, other transfer pricing methods like the Transactional Net Margin Method (TNMM) may be more appropriate.
Rights acquired under a concession agreement for highway construction, which generate revenue through toll collections, constitute an 'intangible asset' under section 32(1)(ii) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, eligible for depreciation, typically at 25%. This includes claiming depreciation on the opening Written Down Value (WDV) for such highway projects.
A non-compete fee paid as part of a business acquisition or transaction constitutes an intangible asset, eligible for depreciation under Section 32(1)(ii) of the Income-tax Act.
Judgments on Section 32(1)(ii)
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