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“estimation of income”

Assessment ProceduresSection 145Section 1453,061 judgments

The decision most relied on for estimation of income is CIT v. Simit P. Sheth (356 ITR 451), cited in 1,465 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on estimation of income

CIT v. Simit P. Sheth
356 ITR 451 · 2013 · High Court
1,465
citing judgments

When purchases are unproved or presumed to be from the grey market, the entire amount of such purchases should not be disallowed; instead, income can be estimated by applying a reasonable gross profit rate to the unaccounted sales or turnover, especially in assessments arising from search proceedings involving seized documents.

Rotork Controls India Pvt. Ltd. v. CIT
314 ITR 62 · 2009 · Supreme Court
739
citing judgments

A provision for expenses, such as warranty, is a deductible liability for income tax purposes if it constitutes a present obligation arising from past events, and a reliable estimate of the amount of obligation is possible.

Sanjay Oilcake Industries v. CIT
316 ITR 274 · 2009 · High Court
460
citing judgments

In cases of alleged bogus or unverifiable purchases, rather than disallowing the entire purchase value, a reasonable profit element or a proportionate percentage of the purchases should be added back to the assessee's income.

Kachwala Gems v. JCIT
288 ITR 10 · 2007 · Supreme Court
332
citing judgments

In a best judgment assessment, some guesswork is inherent, but the estimate must be fair and not arbitrary. Books of account can be rejected under Section 145(3) if the assessee fails to substantiate entries or prove the genuineness of transactions, leading to estimation of income.

CIT v. Devi Prasad Vishwanath Prasad
72 ITR 194 · 1969 · Supreme Court
272
citing judgments

If there is an unexplained cash credit, the Assessing Officer can treat it as the assessee's income, even when the income is finalized on an estimation basis, without proving its specific source. The onus then shifts to the assessee to prove that the income represented by the cash credit has already been taxed.

Commissioner of Sales Tax v. H.M. Esufali H.M. Abdulali
90 ITR 271 · 1973 · Supreme Court
232
citing judgments

The Supreme Court established principles for best judgment assessments, stating that some guesswork is inevitable but the assessment must be bona fide, rational, and free from bias or capriciousness. An appellate authority cannot substitute its judgment for that of the Assessing Officer unless the AO's assessment is shown to be biased, irrational, vindictive, or capricious, especially when the assessee fails to provide proper accounts or counter-evidence.

CIT v. Balchand Ajit Kumar
263 ITR 610 · 2003 · High Court
212
citing judgments

When making an addition for unaccounted receipts, on-money, or non-genuine purchases/sales, the addition should be restricted to the estimated profit element embedded in such transactions, rather than the entire gross amount, particularly when evidence of corresponding expenditure is incomplete. This estimation often involves applying a net profit rate.

Harigopal Singh v. CIT
258 ITR 85 · 2002 · High Court
203
citing judgments

Penalty under section 271(1)(c) cannot be levied when an addition to income is made on an estimated basis without concrete evidence of concealment or furnishing inaccurate particulars of income. The provisions of section 271(1)(c) are not attracted to cases where income is assessed on an estimate basis.

Judgments citing estimation of income

M/S Pradeep Kumar Contractor, Jhunjhunu vs. Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, Jhunjhunu

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is dismissed

ITA 374/JPR/2018[2014-15]Status: DisposedITAT Jaipur08 Jan 2020AY 2014-15

Bench: : Shri Vijay Pal Rao, Jm & Shri Vikram Singh Yadav, Am Vk;Dj Vihy La-@Ita No. 374/Jp/2018 Fu/Kzkj.K O"Kz@Assessment Year : 2014-15 Cuke Shri Pradeep Kumar Contractor The Acit Vs. Morolia Mension, Station Road Circle- Jhunjhunu Jhunjhunu Jhunjhunu Lfkk;H Ys[Kk La-@Thvkbzvkj La-@ Pan/Gir No.: Aagfp 9445 C Vihykfkhz@Appellant Izr;Fkhz@Respondent Fu/Kzkfjrh Dh Vksj Ls@ Assessee By : Shri Manish Agarwal, Ca Jktlo Dh Vksj Ls@ Revenue By : Shri K.C. Gupta, Jcit-Dr Lquokbz Dh Rkjh[K@ Date Of Hearing : 02/12/2019 ?Kks"K.Kk Dh Rkjh[K@ Date Of Pronouncement : 09 /01/2020 Vkns'K@ Order Per Vijay Pal Rao, Jm This Appeal By The Assessee Is Directed Against The Order Of Ld. Cit(A)-3, Jaipur Dated 07-02-2018 For The Assessment Year 2014-15. The Assessee Has Raised The Following Grounds. ‘’1. On The Facts & In The Circumstances Of The Case The Ld. Cit(A) Has Grossly Erred In Confirming The Action Of Ao In Invoking The Provisions Of Section 145(3) & Thereby Rejecting Books Of Accounts. Appellant Prays

For Appellant: Shri Manish Agarwal, CAFor Respondent: Shri K.C. Gupta, JCIT-DR
Section 145(3)

frame the assessment based on best judgement u/s 145(3) r.w.s. 144 of the Act. It is a settled principle of law that estimation of income after rejection of books of account should be based on proper and reasonable criteria and past history of the g.p. declared by the assessee ... reasonable guidance for estimation of income. In the case in hand, there is no dispute that assessee has declared the g.p. at 14.04% in comparison to the g.p. rate for A.Y. 2012-13 at 18.63% and for A.Y. 2013-14 at 18.15%. Therefore, the average of preceding two years

Srinivas Narla, Siddipet vs. Income Tax Officer, Ward-1, Siddipet

In the result, assessee’s appeal is partly allowed

ITA 424/HYD/2019[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Hyderabad30 Dec 2019AY 2013-14

Bench: Smt. P. Madhavi Devish. Srinivas Narla Vs Income Tax Officer Prop:Chamundeswari Wines Ward 1 Siddipet Siddipet Pan: Aezpn8544F (Appellant) (Respondent) For Assessee : Shri T. Chaitanya Kumar, Ar For Revenue : Shri Nilanjan Dey, Dr Date Of Hearing: 30.12.2019 Date Of Pronouncement: 30.12.2019 O R D E R This Is Assessee’S Appeal For The A.Y 2013-14 Against The Order Of The Cit (A)-7, Hyderabad, Dated 12.01.2018. 2. Initially The Tribunal Had Raised An Objection That The Appeal Is Barred By Limitation As There Is A Delay Of 319 Days In Filing Of The Appeal. However, Ld.Dr Has Filed The Report Of The Cit(A)-7, Hyderabad Stating That The Copy Of The Order Of The Cit(A) Was Returned Unserved To Their Office & That The Assessee Was Served With The Appellate Order On 16.02.2019. Taking The Same Into Consideration, I Hold That There Is No Delay In Filing The Appeal Before The Tribunal. 3. The Assessee Has Raised The Following Grounds Of Appeal: “ 1. The Order Of The Cit (A) Is Erroneous Both On Facts & In Law. 2. The Learned Cit (A) Erred In Confirming The Order Of The Assessing Officer In Rejecting Books Of Accounts U/S 145 Of The Act & Further Erred In Estimating The Income @ 5% On Liquor Sales. 3. The Learned Cit (A) Ought To Have Observed That The Appellant Not Derived Income As Per Targeted Sales. 4. The Learned Cit (A) Erred In Confirming The Order Of The Assessing Officer In Estimating The Income @ 5% On Cost Of Sales.

For Appellant: Shri T. Chaitanya Kumar, ARFor Respondent: Shri Nilanjan Dey, DR
Section 145

erred in confirming the order of the Assessing Officer in rejecting books of accounts u/s 145 of the Act and further erred in estimating the income @ 5% on liquor sales. 3. The learned CIT (A) ought to have observed that the appellant not derived income as per targeted sales ... learned CIT (A) erred in confirming the order of the Assessing Officer in estimating the income @ 5% on cost of sales. ITA No.424/Hyd./2019 A.Y.: 2013-14 Sri Srinivas Narla, Siddipet 5. The order of the learned CIT (A) in confirming the action of the AO in determining the total

I.T.O.19(3)(1), Mumbai vs. Ramesh B. Doshi, Mumbai

In the result, appeal of the assessee is allowed

ITA 5436/MUM/2018[2003-04]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai23 Dec 2019AY 2003-04

Bench: Shri R.C. Sharmaआमकय अऩीर सं./I.T.A. No. 5436/Mum/2018 (निर्धारण वषा / Assessment Years : 2003-04) बिधम/ Ito 19(3)(1) Ramesh B. Doshi R.No. 202, 2Nd Floor, Mtru A-1, Maniyar Bldg., Vs. Flat No. 34, 3Rd Floor, Mandir, Tardeo, Road, Mumbai. Near Film Centre, Tardeo, Mumbai. स्थामी रेखा सं./जीआइआय सं./ Pan/Gir No. : Aadpd3476E (प्रत्मथी / Respondent) (अऩीराथी /Appellant) .. अऩीराथी ओय से / Appellant By : Shri R. Bhoopathy, Dr प्रत्मथी की ओय से/Respondent By : Shri Rajkumar Singh, Ar सुनवाई की तायीख / Date Of Hearing 20/12/2019 घोषणा की तायीख /Date Of Pronouncement 23 /12 /2019

For Appellant: Shri R. Bhoopathy, DRFor Respondent: Shri Rajkumar Singh, AR
Section 143(3)Section 271Section 271(1)(c)Section 274

penalty was not leviable. CIT(A) deleted the penalty by ITA No. 5436//Mum/2018. Ramesh B. Doshi, Mumbai. observing that addition made on estimation of income does not attract penalty u/s.271(1)(c). Precise observation of the CIT(A) is as under: I have considered the facts of the case ... before Hon'ble ITAT decided the case. The Appellant also contended against the penalty stating that the penalty has been levied on estimated commission income which has further been reduced by Hon'ble Tribunal. I found force in the assessee's submissions. I have gone through the assessment order, penalty