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“unexplained cash credit”

Cash Credits & Unexplained ItemsSection 68Section 687,118 judgments

The decision most relied on for unexplained cash credit is Sumati Dayal v. CIT (214 ITR 801), cited in 1,967 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on unexplained cash credit

Sumati Dayal v. CIT
214 ITR 801 · 1995 · Supreme Court
1,967
citing judgments

The Revenue is entitled to look behind the apparent form of a transaction to discover its true nature, applying the test of human probabilities and surrounding circumstances. If transactions defy logic or are unnatural, they can be treated as bogus, even if supported by some documentation, especially in cases of cash credits or unexplained investments.

CIT v. Orissa Corporation Pvt. Ltd.
159 ITR 78 · 1986 · Supreme Court
897
citing judgments

When an assessee provides the identity and address of a creditor or investor for a cash credit or share capital under Section 68, the burden shifts to the Department to establish lack of genuineness or creditworthiness, requiring it to conduct further inquiries; mere non-compliance by third parties to summons cannot be the sole basis for an adverse inference against the assessee.

(Central)-1 v. NRA Iron & Steel (P) Ltd.
103 Taxmann.com 48 · 2019 · Supreme Court
696
citing judgments

When assessing cash credits, share capital, or loans, the assessee bears the onus to prove the identity, creditworthiness, and genuineness of transactions. This burden is not discharged merely by documentary evidence if field inquiries reveal accommodation entries or dealings with paper/shell companies.

Commissioner of Income Tax v. Nova Promoters and Finlease (P) Ltd.
342 ITR 169 · 2012 · High Court
658
citing judgments

To make an addition under Section 68 for unexplained cash credits, the Assessing Officer must conduct proper inquiry into the identity, genuineness, and creditworthiness of the creditor, especially concerning share application money. The assessee's initial discharge of burden by providing necessary details shifts the onus back to the AO for further investigation, including the source of source.

Kale Khan Mohammad Hanif v. CIT
50 ITR 1 · 1963 · Supreme Court
581
citing judgments

The assessee bears the onus of proving the source and nature of any sum of money or receipt found to have been received by them. If the assessee fails to satisfactorily explain the receipt, the Income-tax Officer is entitled to treat it as taxable income.

Lalchand Bhagat Ambica Ram v. CIT
37 ITR 288 · 1959 · Supreme Court
570
citing judgments

Where an assessee maintains regular books of account, and these books are not rejected or found defective by the Assessing Officer, any cash deposits or available cash shown in the cash book, if sufficient to cover the transaction, cannot be treated as unexplained income or an addition under sections 68 or 69A.

CIT v. Daulat Ram Rawatmull
87 ITR 349 · 1973 · Supreme Court
525
citing judgments

The onus to prove that an apparent transaction or explanation is not real lies with the person who claims it to be so. If an assessee provides a plausible explanation for a transaction, the revenue must establish that the apparent transaction is not genuine.

CIT v. P. Mohanakala
291 ITR 278 · 2007 · Supreme Court
525
citing judgments

The Supreme Court emphasized that in the absence of concrete rebuttal by the assessee, circumstantial evidence holds significant weight, applying the doctrine of preponderance of probability, particularly when assessing undisclosed income or unexplained cash credits.

Judgments citing unexplained cash credit

ITO, Ward-4(2)(3), Ahmedabad vs. Maheshwari Sales Corporation, Ahmedabad

In the result, the appeal filed by the Revenue stands dismissed

ITA 1306/AHD/2025[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Ahmedabad30 Oct 2025AY 2018-19

Bench: Annapurna Gupta & Shri Siddhartha Nautiyalआयकर अपील सं /Ita No.1306/Ahd/2025 िनधा"रण वष" /Assessment Year : 2018-19 The Ito Maheshwari Sales Corporation बनाम/ Ward-4(2)(3) C-111, Ganesh Meridin V/S. Ahmedabad Nr.Sola Bridge, Sola Ahmedabad-380 058 "थायी लेखा सं./Pan: Aalfm 4917 H (अपीलाथ"/ Appellant) ("" यथ"/ Respondent) Assessee By : Shri Mehul K. Patel, Ar Revenue By : Smt. Mamta Singh, Sr.Dr सुनवाई की तारीख/Date Of Hearing : 01/09/2025 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement: 30/10/2025 आदेश/O R D E R Per Siddhartha Nautiyal, Jm: This Appeal By The Revenue Is Directed Against The Order Of The Ld.Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals), National Faceless Appeal Centre (Nfac), Delhi [Hereinafter Referred To As “Cit(A)”], Dated 11/04/2025, Passed U/S.250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (Hereinafter Referred To As ‘The Act’) For The Assessment Year (Ay) 2018-2019. 2. The Revenue Has Raised The Following Grounds Of Appeal: Ito Vs. Maheshwari Sales Corporation Asst. Year : 2018-19

For Appellant: Shri Mehul K. Patel, ARFor Respondent: Smt. Mamta Singh, Sr.DR
Section 132Section 147Section 250Section 68

held that the assessee had taken accommodation entries of bogus sales aggregating Rs. 63,84,998/-. Consequently, the said sum was treated as unexplained cash credit under section 68 of the Act and added to the total income of the assessee. 4. In appeal before CIT(Appeals), the assessee submitted ... that the Assessing Officer had made an addition of Rs. 63,84,998/- under section 68 of the Act treating the same as unexplained cash credit on the allegation that the assessee had taken accommodation entries from M/s. Kushal Tradelink Ltd. and its associates. The Assessing Officer primarily relied

Prem Tube Co. Pvt Ltd., Delhi vs. ITO Ward 20(1), Delhi

ITA 6005/DEL/2025[2019-20]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi30 Oct 2025AY 2019-20

Bench: Sh. Satbeer Singh Godaraita No. 6004/Del/2025 : Asstt. Year : 2018-19 Ita No. 6005/Del/2025 : Asstt. Year : 2019-20 Prem Tube Co. Pvt. Ltd., Vs Income Tax Officer, Pranshu Goel, Chartered Accountant, Ward-20(1), 5A/3A, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi- New Delhi-110002 (Appellant) (Respondent) Pan No. Aaccp8284C Assessee By: Sh. Aditya Gupta, Adv. Revenue By : Sh. Manoj Kumar, Sr. Dr Date Of Hearing: 30.10.2025 Date Of Pronouncement: 30.10.2025 Order These Assessee’S Twin Appeals In Ita Nos. 6004 & 6005/Del/2025 For Assessment Years 2018-19 & 2019-20, Arise Against The Cit(A)/Nfac, Delhi’S Din & Order No. Itba/Nfac/S/250/2025-26/1079370154(1) & 1079370333(1) Both Dated 07.08.2025, In Proceedings U/S 147 R.W.S. 144 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (In Short “The Act”), Respectively.

For Appellant: Sh. Aditya Gupta, AdvFor Respondent: Sh. Manoj Kumar, Sr. DR
Section 147Section 37Section 68

learned lower authorities have erred in law and on facts in treating it’s varying purchases sourced from M/s GS Industries as unexplained cash credits u/s 68, in the Prem Tube Co. Pvt. Ltd. assessments in question as upheld in the lower appellate discussion. 4. It is in this factual ... counsel lastly argues that both the lower authorities have erred in law and on facts in adding the impugned bogus purchases claimed as unexplained cash credits. The Revenue could hardly dispute that this is an expenditure claim rather than credit entries in the assessee’s books of account forming subject

Prem Tube Co. Pvt Ltd, Delhi vs. ITO Ward 20(1), Delhi

ITA 6004/DEL/2025[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi30 Oct 2025AY 2018-19

Bench: Sh. Satbeer Singh Godaraita No. 6004/Del/2025 : Asstt. Year : 2018-19 Ita No. 6005/Del/2025 : Asstt. Year : 2019-20 Prem Tube Co. Pvt. Ltd., Vs Income Tax Officer, Pranshu Goel, Chartered Accountant, Ward-20(1), 5A/3A, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi- New Delhi-110002 (Appellant) (Respondent) Pan No. Aaccp8284C Assessee By: Sh. Aditya Gupta, Adv. Revenue By : Sh. Manoj Kumar, Sr. Dr Date Of Hearing: 30.10.2025 Date Of Pronouncement: 30.10.2025 Order These Assessee’S Twin Appeals In Ita Nos. 6004 & 6005/Del/2025 For Assessment Years 2018-19 & 2019-20, Arise Against The Cit(A)/Nfac, Delhi’S Din & Order No. Itba/Nfac/S/250/2025-26/1079370154(1) & 1079370333(1) Both Dated 07.08.2025, In Proceedings U/S 147 R.W.S. 144 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (In Short “The Act”), Respectively.

For Appellant: Sh. Aditya Gupta, AdvFor Respondent: Sh. Manoj Kumar, Sr. DR
Section 147Section 37Section 68

learned lower authorities have erred in law and on facts in treating it’s varying purchases sourced from M/s GS Industries as unexplained cash credits u/s 68, in the Prem Tube Co. Pvt. Ltd. assessments in question as upheld in the lower appellate discussion. 4. It is in this factual ... counsel lastly argues that both the lower authorities have erred in law and on facts in adding the impugned bogus purchases claimed as unexplained cash credits. The Revenue could hardly dispute that this is an expenditure claim rather than credit entries in the assessee’s books of account forming subject