“profits and gains of business or profession”

Income HeadsSection 28Section 281,710 judgments

The decision most relied on for profits and gains of business or profession is CIT v. Excel Industries Ltd. (358 ITR 295), cited in 935 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on profits and gains of business or profession

CIT v. Excel Industries Ltd.

358 ITR 295 · 2013 · Supreme Court

935

citing judgments

When an income or expenditure is revenue neutral across different assessment years, where any benefit derived is offset by a corresponding liability or reversal, no additional tax liability arises, particularly concerning income recognition under the mercantile system of accounting.

Southern Technologies Ltd. v. JCIT

320 ITR 577 · 2010 · Supreme Court

353

citing judgments

The case concerns the allowability of deductions for provisions made under Section 36 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, especially those related to bad and doubtful debts. It distinguishes such deductions from the recognition of interest income on non-performing assets (NPAs).

Attar Singh Gurmukh Singh v. ITO

191 ITR 667 · 1991 · Supreme Court

254

citing judgments

Section 40A(3) is not absolute, and its application considers business expediency, practical difficulties, and other relevant factors, while keeping in mind its objective to curb the practice of ploughing unaccounted money into the system.

Karanpura Development Co. Ltd. v. CIT

44 ITR 362 · 1962 · Supreme Court

157

citing judgments

The income derived from letting out assets, such as coal mining leases, constitutes "profits and gains of business or profession" if the primary object and activity of the assessee company are to acquire, develop, and sub-lease such assets. This classification holds even if the income arises from letting, provided the letting itself constitutes the assessee's business.

(P.) Ltd. v. CIT

56 ITR 52 · 1965 · Supreme Court

146

citing judgments

Expenditure is revenue if incurred for operating a business to earn profit, even if an incidental enduring advantage results; it is capital if it creates an asset or an enduring advantage for the entire business structure.

Anupam Tele Services v. ITO

366 ITR 122 · 2014 · High Court

124

citing judgments

Section 40A(3) disallowances are not absolute; genuine and bonafide cash payments, where the payee's identity is established and business expediency is proven, fall outside its scope, as the section's purpose is to curb unaccounted money, not disallow genuine expenditure.

ACG Associated Capsule Private Limited v. Commissioner of Income Tax, Central IV, Mumbai

3 SCC 321 · 2022 · Reported

citing judgments

Profits of a business are computed under the head 'Profits and Gains of Business or Profession' and then reduced by specific receipts mentioned in Explanation (baa) to Section 80HHC. This means that for the purposes of Section 80HHC, only profits computed under the business head are considered, with subsequent adjustments for specified receipts.

Rayala Corporation Pvt. Ltd. v. ACIT

386 ITR 500 · 2016 · Supreme Court

citing judgments

If an assessee company's main business object is to acquire and rent out properties, the rental income derived is taxable as 'Profits and gains of business or profession', rather than 'Income from house property', as the nature of the activity constitutes a business.

Judgments citing profits and gains of business or profession

ACIT-1(1)(1), Mumbai vs. Hdfc Life Inusrance Company Limited, Mumbai

In the result, the appeal by the revenue as well as the Cross objection of the assessee for the A

ITA 1848/MUM/2023[2018-2019]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai01 Nov 2023AY 2018-2019

Bench: Shri Amit Shukla () & Ms. Padmavathy S. ()

Section 10Section 14ASection 44

under different heads, other than the income to be 14 ITsA1775 & 1848/Mum/2023 HDFC Life Insurance Co Ltd computed under the head 'Profit and gains of business or profession'. For computation of profits and gains of business or profession the mandate to the AO is to compute the said income

ACIT 1(1)(1), Mumbai vs. M/S Hdfc Standard Life Insurance Co. Ltd (Now Known As Hdfc Life Insurance Co Ltd.), Mumbai

In the result, the appeal by the revenue as well as the Cross objection of the assessee for the A

ITA 1775/MUM/2023[2017-18]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai01 Nov 2023AY 2017-18

Bench: Shri Amit Shukla () & Ms. Padmavathy S. ()

Section 10Section 14ASection 44

Atc Logistical Solutions Private Limited, Delhi vs. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax Circle-1, Amritsar

In the result, appeal of the assessee ITA No

ITA 241/ASR/2023[2017-18]Status: DisposedITAT Amritsar31 Oct 2023AY 2017-18

Bench: Dr. M. L. Meena & Sh. Anikesh Banerjee

Section 115JSection 139Section 143(1)Section 143(3)Section 154Section 250Section 36(1)(va)Section 37(1)Section 40ASection 40A(7)

exclusively33 for the purposes of the business33 or profession shall be allowed in computing the income chargeable under the head "Profits and gains of business or profession". 34[35[Explanation 1.]—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that any expenditure incurred by an assessee for any purpose ... with a non-obstante clause overriding Sections 30-38), deals with what cannot be deducted in computing income under the head "Profits and Gains of Business and Profession". Likewise, section 40A(2) opens with a non-obstante clause and spells out what expenses and payments are not deductible in certain

Shri. Babu Sebastian, Thrissur vs. ACIT Circle 2(1), Thrissur

In the result, the appeal by the assessee is allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 869/COCH/2022[2017-18]Status: DisposedITAT Cochin31 Oct 2023AY 2017-18

Bench: Shri Sanjay Arora & Shri Manomohan Dasbabu Sebastain Asst. Cit, 19/348/1B, Puthur House Circle- 2(1) Poothole, Thrissur 680004 Vs. Thrissur [Pan:Ajaps9036R] (Appellant) (Respondent) Assessee By: Shri Anil D. Nair, Advocate Revenue By: Smt. J.M. Jamuna Devi, Sr. D.R. Date Of Hearing: 13.09.2023 Date Of Pronouncement: 31.10.2023 O R D E R Per Sanjay Arora, Am This Is An Appeal By The Assessee Directed Against The Order Dated 22.6.2022 By The Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals), Income Tax Department [Cit(A)], Dismissing The Assessee’S Appeal Contesting His Assessment Under Section 143(3) Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (Hereinafter ‘The Act’) Dated 20.11.2019 For Assessment Year (Ay) 2017-18. 2. The Short Question Arising In The Instant Appeal Is The Correct Application Of Section 145A Of The Act, Reading As Under, In The Given Facts Of The Case, I.E., Given That There Is No Change In The Assessee’S Regular Method Of Accounting & Valuation Of Inventories Of Goods, So That The Purport Is The Correct Computation Of Income By Way Of Profits & Gains Of His Business Under The Act: Method Of Accounting In Certain Cases. 145A. For The Purpose Of Determining The Income Chargeable Under The Head "Profits & Gains Of Business Or Profession",—

For Appellant: Shri Anil D. Nair, AdvocateFor Respondent: Smt. J.M. Jamuna Devi, Sr. D.R

Section 143(3)Section 145Section 145A

under the Act: Method of accounting in certain cases. 145A. For the purpose of determining the income chargeable under the head "Profits and gains of business or profession",— ITANo. 869/Coch/2022 (AY: 2017-18) Babu Sebastain vs. Asst. CIT (i) the valuation of inventory shall be made at lower of actual

Shree Narmada Khand Udyog Sahkari Mandali Ltd., Narmada vs. Income Tax Officer, Ward - 2(1), Bharuch

In the result, the grounds of appeal raised by the assesse are allowed

ITA 104/SRT/2023[2014-15]Status: DisposedITAT Surat31 Oct 2023AY 2014-15

Bench: Shri Pawan Singh & Dr. Arjun Lal Saini

Section 234ASection 254(1)Section 271(1)(c)Section 28Section 37Section 37(1)

incurred according to method of accounting upon the basis of which the profits and gains are computed under the head “Profits and gains of business or profession”. The assessee is following mercantile system of accounting. Final price of sugarcane was fixed by Board vide their Shree Narmada Khan Udyog Sahkari

Shree Narmada Khand Udyog Sahkari Mandali Ltd., Narmada vs. Income Tax Officer, Ward - 2(1), Bharuch

In the result, the grounds of appeal raised by the assesse are allowed

ITA 103/SRT/2023[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Surat31 Oct 2023AY 2013-14

Bench: Shri Pawan Singh & Dr. Arjun Lal Saini

Section 234ASection 254(1)Section 271(1)(c)Section 28Section 37Section 37(1)

Shree Narmada Khand Udyog Sahkari Mandali Ltd., Narmada vs. Income Tax Officer, Ward - 2(1), Bharuch

In the result, the grounds of appeal raised by the assesse are allowed

ITA 102/SRT/2023[2012-13]Status: DisposedITAT Surat31 Oct 2023AY 2012-13

Bench: Shri Pawan Singh & Dr. Arjun Lal Saini

Section 234ASection 254(1)Section 271(1)(c)Section 28Section 37Section 37(1)

Ila Sanat Jhaveri, Mumbai vs. Asst. Commissioner of Income Tax, Circle 19(1), Mumbai

In the result, appeal is allowed

ITA 2506/MUM/2023[2016-17]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai30 Oct 2023AY 2016-17

Bench: Shri Aby T Varkey () & Ms. Padmavathy S. ()

Section 36Section 36(1)(iii)

Rs.41,08,512/- as a deduction towards interest paid under section 36(1)(iii) of the Act under the head ―Profits and gains of business or profession‖. It is also noticed that the overall business loss of Rs.23,82,004/- has been set off against the ―Income from house property

Shri Khandelwal Diamonds Private Limited, Jaipur vs. ACIT, Circle 1, Jaipur

In the result, appeal of the assessee is partly allowed

ITA 375/JPR/2023[2012-13]Status: DisposedITAT Jaipur30 Oct 2023AY 2012-13

Bench: Him On The Reason Of Issuing Notice U/S 148 On Borrowed Satisfaction Of Another Wing Of The Department.

For Appellant: Sh. Mukesh Khandelwal (CA)For Respondent: Sh. Anup Singh (Addl. CIT) a

Section 143(3)Section 148

equal to or higher than 6 per cent of his total turnover from such business as his income under the head 'Profits and gains of business or profession' for a particular assessment year, the Assessing Officer shall accept his trading results. C. (i) The assessee shall be required to maintain

National Stock Exchange of India Ltd, Mumbai vs. DCIT, Cir-7(1)(1), Mumbai

In the result ground no.1 of the appeal of the assessee is allowed and grounds no

ITA 730/MUM/2023[2016-17]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai26 Oct 2023AY 2016-17

Bench: Shri Aby T Varkey & Shri Amarjit Singhita Nos.730 & 731/Mum/2023 (A.Ys. 2016-17 & 2017-18) National Stock Exchange Vs. Dcit, Circle 7(1)(1) Of India Limited Room No. 126, 1 St Floor, Exchange Plaza, Bandra Aaykar Bhavan, Kurla Complex, Bandra M.K. Road, East, Mumbai – 400051 Churchgate -400 020 स्थायी लेखा सं./जीआइआर सं./ Pan/Gir No: Aaacn1797L Appellant .. Respondent

For Appellant: Jehangir Mistri Sr. AdvFor Respondent: Srinivasu

specifiedentity, an amount not exceeding twenty per cent of the profits derived from eligible business computed under the head "Profits and gains of business or profession" (before making any deduction under this clause) carried to such reserve account. (xiv) any sum paid by a public financial institution

Savita Oil Technologies Ltd, Mumbai vs. ACIT, CC-8(4), Mumbai

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 1258/MUM/2023[2017-18]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai25 Oct 2023AY 2017-18

Bench: Shri Aby T. Varkey, Jm & Shri Amarjit Singh, Am आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No.1258/Mum/2023 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year: 2017-18) Savita Oil Technologies बिधम/ Acit, Central Circle-8(4) Ltd. Room No. 659, Aayakar Vs. 66/67, Nariman Bhavan, Bhavan, M. K. Road, Nariman Point, Mumbai- New Marine Line, 400021. Mumbai-400020. स्थधयी लेखध सं./जीआइआर सं./Pan/Gir No. : Aaafs3513J (अपीलार्थी /Appellant) .. (प्रत्यर्थी / Respondent) Assessee By: Shri Yogesh Thar/Chaitanya Joshi Revenue By: Shri Ram Krishna Kedia (Sr. Ar) Shri Virabhadra Mahanjan (Sr. Ar) सुनवाई की तारीख / Date Of Hearing: 04/07/2023/ (20/10/2023) घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement: 25/10/2023 आदेश / O R D E R Per Aby T. Varkey, Jm: This Is An Appeal Preferred By The Assessee Against The Order Of The Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax-50, Mumbai Dated 24.02.2023 For Assessment Year 2017-18. 2. The First Ground Of Appeal Of The Assessee Is As Under: - “1(A) The Appellant Submits That The Learned Commissioner Of Income-Tax (Appeals) [(“Cit(A)”)] Erred In Not Allowing The Claim Towards Expenditure On Account Of Gratuity Representing Amount Actual Paid To An Approved Gratuity Fund Of Rs.83,69,981/- Representing Employer'S Contribution. (B) The Appellant Submits That Cit(A) Failed To Appreciate That The Aforesaid Amount Of Rs.83,69,981/- Was Paid On Or Before The Due Date For Filing Its Return Of Income For Assessment Year 2017-18 To An Approved Gratuity Fund

For Appellant: Shri Yogesh Thar/Chaitanya JoshiFor Respondent: Shri Ram Krishna Kedia (Sr. AR)

Section 139(1)Section 143(3)Section 36(1)(v)Section 40A(7)Section 43BSection 80GSection 80I

anything to the contrary contained in any other provision of this Act relating to the computation of income under the head "profits and gains of business or profession". (2)(a) ………. (7)(a) Subject to the provisions of clause (b), no deduction shall be allowed in respect of any provision (whether

DCIT, Circle-4(2), New Delhi vs. Campus Eai India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

In the result, appeal of the Revenue is dismissed

ITA 355/DEL/2021[2017-18]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi20 Oct 2023AY 2017-18

Bench: Shri G.S. Pannu, Hon’Ble & Ms. Astha Chandraasstt. Year: 2017-18

For Appellant: Shri Ajay Wadhwa, AdvocateFor Respondent: Shri Sanjay Kumar, Sr. DR

Section 143(2)Section 143(3)Section 40

observed that first of all, expenses claimed in computing the income chargeable under the head 'profits and gains of business or profession' towards royalty, fee for technical services or other sum chargeable under the Act which is payable outside India or in India to a non- resident on which ... been paid or deducted under Chapter XVII-B shall not be deducted in computing the income chargeable under the head "Profits and gains of business or profession". Proviso to sub-clause further says that where in respect of such sum tax has been paid or deducted under Chapter XVII

Dy.Comm of Income Tax-17(1), Mumbai vs. M/S. Maharashtra State Security Corporation, Mumbai

The appeal of the revenue is allowed

ITA 1837/MUM/2022[2019-20]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai19 Oct 2023AY 2019-20

Bench: Shri Amit Shukla () & Ms. Padmavathy S. ()

Section 139Section 142Section 143Section 143(1)Section 36(1)(va)

employee in the relevant fund by the due date Wliere such income is not chargeable to tax under the head "profits and gains of business or profession" it will be assessed under the head "income from other sources. " On a perusal of the above paragraph, it is clear, that

Dy.Comm of Income Tax-17(1), Mumbai vs. M/S. Maharashtra State Security Corporation, Mumbai

The appeal of the revenue is allowed

ITA 1836/MUM/2022[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai19 Oct 2023AY 2018-19

Bench: Shri Amit Shukla () & Ms. Padmavathy S. ()

Section 139Section 142Section 143Section 143(1)Section 36(1)(va)

Concentrix Services India Private Limited (Formerly Known As Minacs Private Limited, Minacs Limited & Adity Birla Minacs Worldwide Limited ), Mumbai vs. Joint Commissioner of It (OSD)10(2)(2)Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax-9(2)(2), Mumbai

ITA 5764/MUM/2017[2012-13]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai18 Oct 2023AY 2012-13

For Appellant: Shri Yogesh TharFor Respondent: Shri Ajit Pal Singh Daia

Section 143(3)Section 144C(3)Section 92(1)Section 92B

exclusively for the purposes of the business or profession shall be allowed in computing the income chargeable under the head, "Profits and Gains of Business or Profession". 7. Thus, from perusal of section 37(1) of the Act, it is evident that the aforesaid provision permits deduction for the expenditure

Concentrix Services India Private Limited (Formerly Known As Minacs Private Limited, Minacs Limited & Adity Birla Minacs Worldwide Limited ), Mumbai vs. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax-10(2)(2), Mumbai

ITA 5260/MUM/2017[2011-12]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai18 Oct 2023AY 2011-12

For Appellant: Shri Yogesh TharFor Respondent: Shri Ajit Pal Singh Daia

Section 143(3)Section 144C(3)Section 92(1)Section 92B

I.T.O vs. M/S Kumar Construcltion

In the result, the appeal of the Revenue is partly allowed

ITA 10/PAT/2015[2009-10]Status: DisposedITAT Patna17 Oct 2023AY 2009-10

Bench: Shri Rajpal Yadav, Vice-(Kz) & Shri Rajesh Kumar

Section 142(1)Section 143(2)Section 271(1)(b)Section 40A(3)

appropriate to take note of this section, which reads as under:- “Method of accounting. '145. (1) Income chargeable under the head "Profits and gains of business or profession" or "Income from other sources" shall, subject to the provisions of sub-section (2), be computed in accordance with either 11 Assessment ... bare perusal of this section would indicate that sub-clause (1) contemplates that income chargeable under the head “profit and gains of business or profession’ or “income from other sources” shall be determined according to the method of accountancy followed by the assessee, but such method ought

Jt.CIT (OSD), Central Circle-18, New Delhi vs. Delhivery P.Ltd, New Delhi

In the result, ITA No.1734/Del/2023 is partly allowed and ITA

ITA 1735/DEL/2023[2017-18]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi16 Oct 2023AY 2017-18

Bench: Sh. N. K. Billaiya & Sh. C.N. Prasad

Section 263Section 37(1)

holding that discount on issue of Employee Stock Options is allowable as deduction in computing the income under the head 'Profits and gains of business or profession"," 9. The decision of the Hon'ble Special Bench has been affirmed by the Hon'ble Karnataka High Court in the case ... facts and circumstances and the position of law, the aforesaid expenses are an allowable deduction under the Act while computing the profit and gains of business and profession & that the AO has correctly appreciated the said position while passing the assessment order. Hence, we hold that the directions given

Jt.CIT (OSD), Central Circle-18, New Delhi vs. Delhivery P.Ltd, New Delhi

In the result, ITA No.1734/Del/2023 is partly allowed and ITA

ITA 1734/DEL/2023[2015-16]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi16 Oct 2023AY 2015-16

Bench: Sh. N. K. Billaiya & Sh. C.N. Prasad

Section 263Section 37(1)

Teradata India Pvt Ltd, Grugram vs. DCIT Circle-3(1), Gurugram

Appeal of the revenue is allowed for AY 2018-19

ITA 2337/DEL/2022[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi13 Oct 2023AY 2018-19

Bench: Shri M. Balaganesh & Shri Yogesh Kumar Us

For Appellant: Shri Nageswar Rao, AdvFor Respondent: Shri Rajesh Kumar, CIT DR

Section 143(3)Section 37Section 80G

without appreciating that the Appellant had suo-moto disallowed the corresponding CSR expense while computing income: chargeable to tax under 'Profits and gains of business or profession' for the year under consideration. 6.3. That on the facts and circumstances of the case and in law, the Learned AO has erred ... without appreciating that the Appellant had suo-moto disallowed the corresponding CSR expense while computing income chargeable to tax under Profits and gains of business or profession' for the year under consideration. 6.3. That on the facts and circumstances of the case and in law, the Learned AO has erred