“section 12AB registration”
The decision most relied on for section 12AB registration is Ananda Social and Educational Trust v. CIT (426 ITR 340), cited in 116 judgments on BharatTax.
Leading authorities on section 12AB registration
For registration under Section 12AA, the Commissioner (Exemptions) must examine the objects of the trust and the genuineness of its proposed activities, even if the trust has not yet commenced actual charitable activities or incurred expenditure.
A trust's objects, even if based on religious tenets, can qualify as charitable for tax exemptions if its benefits are not exclusively restricted to a particular religious community or caste.
An object beneficial to a section of the public, as distinguished from an individual or group of individuals, qualifies as an object of general public utility under Section 2(15) and hence a charitable purpose. This applies even if the benefits are restricted to a specific caste, community, or professional group.
Granting registration under Section 12A or Section 12AA for charitable trusts requires the Commissioner to genuinely examine the trust's objects and past activities; once such registration is granted, the Assessing Officer cannot subsequently deny tax benefits by re-examining the trust's objects.
An intention to benefit a section of the public, as distinguished from a special individual, is sufficient for a trust to be considered for charitable registration and exemptions. This applies even if the beneficiaries belong to a specific caste, community, or professional group, allowing the trust to qualify as serving a general public utility under Section 2(15).
An institution qualifies as an 'educational institution' for tax exemption, including under Section 10(23C)(iiiab), only if it imparts structured, formal education, distinguishing it from general public utility activities under Section 2(15).
The Commissioner is justified in rejecting an application for registration or recognition (e.g., under sections 12A, 12AA, or 80G) if there is no material to establish the genuineness of the trust's activities or if no charitable work has been undertaken during the relevant period.
Registration under Section 12A and approval under Section 80G are distinct from assessment; issues relevant to assessing income under Section 11 cannot be grounds for rejecting an application for registration or approval.