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“legal expenses”

Business ExpensesSection 37Section 37273 judgments

The decision most relied on for legal expenses is CIT v. Calcutta Agency Ltd. (19 ITR 191), cited in 164 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on legal expenses

CIT v. Calcutta Agency Ltd.
19 ITR 191 · 1951 · Supreme Court
164
citing judgments

The assessee bears the burden of proving necessary facts to claim deductions. If the assessee fails to establish these facts, the deduction is not admissible.

CIT v. Goetze (India) Ltd.
361 ITR 505 · 2014 · High Court
121
citing judgments

Disallowance under Section 14A for expenses relating to exempt income is required while computing book profit under Section 115JB. An Assessing Officer's order is erroneous for revision under Section 263 if the view taken was not plausible, legally unsustainable, and incorrect, requiring a recorded finding.

Kesoram Industries & Cotton Mills Ltd. v. CIT
196 ITR 845 · 1992 · High Court
61
citing judgments

Expenditure incurred for exploring the feasibility of expanding or extending an existing business by setting up a new unit in the same line of business is revenue expenditure, not capital expenditure. Such expenditure, including obtaining project reports or legal opinions on desirability or feasibility, does not constitute the setting up of a new business.

Commissioner of Income Tax v. India Discount Co. Ltd.
75 ITR 191 · 1970 · Supreme Court
46
citing judgments

Accounting entries do not override the legal effect of a transaction, and the legality of any transaction must be established independently. The mere nomenclature of an entry in the books of accounts is not determinative of the true nature of the transaction.

CIT v. Ganga Properties Ltd.
199 ITR 94 · 1993 · High Court
46
citing judgments

Expenditure incurred by a company for the purpose of its business, including expenses to fulfill statutory legal obligations or those related to an erstwhile business post-transfer, is allowable as revenue expenditure under Section 37 of the Income-tax Act.

CIT v. Finlay Mills Ltd.
20 ITR 475 · 1951 · Supreme Court
38
citing judgments

Expenditure that is incurred for the protection of a running business without generating a new asset is deductible as a business expense. Such expenditure does not result in an enduring benefit of a capital nature.

CIT v. Bombay Dyeing and Manufacturing Co. Ltd.
219 ITR 521 · 1996 · Supreme Court
28
citing judgments

Expenses incurred on amalgamation, legal and professional fees, and contributions to a State Housing Board for worker tenements are considered revenue expenditure, not capital expenditure. This is because these expenditures do not result in an enduring benefit and are part of the company's operational costs.

Sayaji Iron & Engineering Co. v. CIT
121 Taxmann 43 · 2002 · High Court
27
citing judgments

Expenses incurred by a company cannot be considered personal, as a company is an artificial legal entity incapable of incurring personal expenses. Therefore, disallowances on this basis are not sustainable.

Judgments citing legal expenses

Zydus Lifesciences Limited (Formerly Known As Cadila Healthcare Ltd.), Ahmedabad vs. DCIT, Circle-1(1)(2), Ahmedabad

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is partly allowed in above terms

ITA 1884/AHD/2019[2015-16]Status: DisposedITAT Ahmedabad23 Feb 2024AY 2015-16

Bench: Smt.Annapurna Gupta & Ms. Suchitra Raghunath Kambleassessment Year : 2015-16 Zydus Lifesciences Ltd. (Formerly Vs. The Dcit, Cir.1(1)(2) Known As Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Ahmedabad. 4Th Floor, D-Wing, Zydus Corporate Park, Scheme No.63, Survey No.536, Khoraj (Gandhinagar), Nr.Vaishnodvi Circle, Sg Highway, Ahmedabad Pan : Aaacc 6253 G (Applicant) (Responent) Assessee By : Shri Jigar Patel, Ar Revenue By : Shri Sudhendu Das, Cit-Dr सुनवाई क" तारीख/Date Of Hearing : 29/11/2023 घोषणा क" तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement: 23/02/2024 आदेश/O R D E R आदेश आदेश आदेश Per Annapurna Gupta

For Appellant: Shri Jigar Patel, ARFor Respondent: Shri Sudhendu Das, CIT-DR
Section 143(3)Section 144C(13)Section 92B

assessee as the US AE is admittedly, and beyond dispute, only an LRD. The same is the position with respect to the legal expenses. It has been specifically explained by the assessee, and this explanation has not even been called into question, that the US AE was holding the ANDAs ... because, at the end of the day, the beneficiary is only the assessee company. Yet, the TPO has held the legal expenses to be not at an arm's length price only because the ANDA in question was held by the US AE. Whosever owns the IPRs in question

Qrg Central Hospital and Research Centre Ltd, New Delhi vs. ACIT, Circle-20(2), New Delhi

In the result, both the appeals of the assessee are allowed

ITA 4283/DEL/2018[2015-16]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi07 Feb 2024AY 2015-16

Bench: Shri Saktijit Dey & Shri M. Balaganeshqrg Central Hospital Research Vs. Acit, Centre Ltd, Circle-21(2), 909, 9Th Floor, Surya Kiran New Delhi Building, Kg Marg, Connaught Place, New Delhi (Appellant) (Respondent) Pan:Aaacq1682M Qrg Central Hospital Research Vs. Acit, Centre Ltd, Circle-20(2), 909, 9Th Floor, Surya Kiran New Delhi Building, Kg Marg, Connaught Place, New Delhi (Appellant) (Respondent) Pan:Aaacq1682M Assessee By : Dr. Rakesh Gupta, Adv Shri Deepesh Garg, Adv Revenue By: Shri S. L. Anuragi, Sr. Dr Date Of Hearing 14/11/2023 Date Of Pronouncement 07/02/2024

For Appellant: Dr. Rakesh Gupta, AdvFor Respondent: Shri S. L. Anuragi, Sr. DR
Section 143(3)Section 15Section 23Section 28Section 37

allowed as expenses wholly and exclusively for business purposes. ITA No.4854/Del/2017 & 4283/Del/2018 QRG Central Hospital Research Centre Ltd 4.1. Further the assessee also incurred legal expenses of Rs 3,76,069/- on case filed under PNDT Act instituted by the State Government against the assessee company ... time being in force as per Explanation to Section 37 of the Act and hence to be disallowed. 4.2. Similarly legal expenses of Rs 1,79,776/- was incurred in connection with a complaint filed by the Haryana State Pollution Control Board against the assessee for not obtaining environmental clearance

Qrg Central Hospital and Research Centre Ltd, New Delhi vs. ACIT, Circle-21(2), New Delhi

In the result, both the appeals of the assessee are allowed

ITA 4854/DEL/2017[2014-15]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi07 Feb 2024AY 2014-15

Bench: Shri Saktijit Dey & Shri M. Balaganeshqrg Central Hospital Research Vs. Acit, Centre Ltd, Circle-21(2), 909, 9Th Floor, Surya Kiran New Delhi Building, Kg Marg, Connaught Place, New Delhi (Appellant) (Respondent) Pan:Aaacq1682M Qrg Central Hospital Research Vs. Acit, Centre Ltd, Circle-20(2), 909, 9Th Floor, Surya Kiran New Delhi Building, Kg Marg, Connaught Place, New Delhi (Appellant) (Respondent) Pan:Aaacq1682M Assessee By : Dr. Rakesh Gupta, Adv Shri Deepesh Garg, Adv Revenue By: Shri S. L. Anuragi, Sr. Dr Date Of Hearing 14/11/2023 Date Of Pronouncement 07/02/2024

For Appellant: Dr. Rakesh Gupta, AdvFor Respondent: Shri S. L. Anuragi, Sr. DR
Section 143(3)Section 15Section 23Section 28Section 37

allowed as expenses wholly and exclusively for business purposes. ITA No.4854/Del/2017 & 4283/Del/2018 QRG Central Hospital Research Centre Ltd 4.1. Further the assessee also incurred legal expenses of Rs 3,76,069/- on case filed under PNDT Act instituted by the State Government against the assessee company ... time being in force as per Explanation to Section 37 of the Act and hence to be disallowed. 4.2. Similarly legal expenses of Rs 1,79,776/- was incurred in connection with a complaint filed by the Haryana State Pollution Control Board against the assessee for not obtaining environmental clearance

M. R. Sivakumar, Chennai vs. ACIT, Non Corporate Circle 7(1), Chennai

The appeal stands allowed

ITA 963/CHNY/2023[2016-17]Status: DisposedITAT Chennai29 Jan 2024AY 2016-17

Bench: Hon’Ble Shri Mahavir Singh, Vp & Hon’Ble Shri Manoj Kumar Aggarwal, Am आयकरअपील सं./ Ita No.963/Chny/2023 (िनधा*रण वष* / Assessment Year: 2016-17) Shri M.R. Sivakumar Acit Old No.480 New No.3/480 Non-Corporate Circle-7(1) बनाम 2Nd Avenue, 4Th Sector, Chennai-34. / Vs. West Anna Nagar Extension, Chennai-600 101. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Azhps-2774-D (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (" थ" / Respondent) अपीलाथ"कीओरसे/ Appellant By : Shri M. Karunakaran (Advocate)-Ld. Ar " थ"कीओरसे/Respondent By : Shri D. Hema Bhupal (Jcit)- Ld. Dr सुनवाईकीतारीख/Date Of Final Hearing : 29-01-2024 घोषणाकीतारीख /Date Of Pronouncement : 29-01-2024 आदेश / O R D E R Manoj Kumar Aggarwal ()

For Appellant: Shri M. Karunakaran (Advocate)-Ld. ARFor Respondent: Shri D. Hema Bhupal (JCIT)- Ld. DR
Section 143(3)Section 271(1)(c)Section 274

assessee that there was dispute on land which went up-to Hon’ble Supreme Court for which the assessee had to incur huge legal expenses. The legal payments were made at various levels to lawyers and consultants and it was paid mostly by way of cash. The Ld. AO, after ... there is no finding to that effect. Further, disallowance is only an estimated disallowance. The Ld.AO has accepted that the assessee had incurred legal expenses but denied deduction of 40% of expenses on estimated basis. It could not be said that there was any concealment of income. Therefore