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“borrowed satisfaction”

ReassessmentSection 147Section 1471,326 judgments

The decision most relied on for borrowed satisfaction is PCIT v. Meenakshi Overseas Pvt. Ltd. (395 ITR 677), cited in 471 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on borrowed satisfaction

PCIT v. Meenakshi Overseas Pvt. Ltd.
395 ITR 677 · 2017 · High Court
471
citing judgments

Reassessment proceedings initiated solely based on an investigation wing/appraisal report, without the Assessing Officer's independent application of mind to form a 'reason to believe' that income has escaped assessment, are beyond jurisdiction, bad in law, and void ab initio.

394 ITR 146 (Guj.) 2. Varshaben S. Patel v. ITO
338 ITR 51 · 2011 · High Court
295
citing judgments

Reasons for reopening an assessment must be specific and not vague, scanty, or based on borrowed satisfaction. The Assessing Officer must quantify the escaped income.

222 Taxman 15 (Gujarat)(MAG.), Principal Commissioner of Income-tax-4 v. G & G Pharma India Ltd.
384 ITR 147 · 2016 · High Court
274
citing judgments

An assessment can be reopened if there is tangible material indicating escapement of income, demonstrating a live link between the material and the reasons recorded for reopening. The Assessing Officer must apply their mind to the material facts, and the sanction under section 151 should not be based on borrowed satisfaction.

CIT v. SFIL Stock Broking Ltd.
325 ITR 285 · 2010 · High Court
243
citing judgments

Reassessment proceedings under Section 147 are invalid and void ab initio if initiated based on 'borrowed satisfaction' without the Assessing Officer's independent application of mind, or merely on documents already available on record without fresh tangible material.

Sarthak Securities Co. Pvt. Ltd. v. ITO
329 ITR 110 · 2010 · High Court
217
citing judgments

Reassessment proceedings under Section 147 are invalid if the Assessing Officer records satisfaction based on borrowed satisfaction or information without independently applying their mind and forming their own 'reason to believe' that income has escaped assessment. The AO must arrive at an independent conclusion, not merely act on a report from an investigation wing without due diligence.

ITO v. Selected Dalurband Coal Co. (P.) Ltd.
217 ITR 597 · 1996 · Supreme Court
180
citing judgments

The Assessing Officer's belief that income has escaped assessment, leading to the reopening of an assessment, is a matter of subjective satisfaction. The materials available at the time of forming this belief do not need to conclusively prove the escapement of income.

CIT v. SPL’s Siddhartha Ltd.
345 ITR 223 · 2012 · High Court
164
citing judgments

Reassessment proceedings under Section 147 are invalid if the sanction required under Section 151 is obtained mechanically, without independent application of mind by the sanctioning authority, or is based on borrowed satisfaction.

CIT v. Atul Jain
299 ITR 383 · 2008 · High Court
147
citing judgments

Reassessment proceedings under section 147 are not valid if the information relied upon by the Assessing Officer is vague, scanty, and lacks specific details linking it to the assessee's transactions.

Judgments citing borrowed satisfaction

Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax, Central Circle 3(2), Kolkata, Aayakar Bhawan Poorva vs. Bhagwan Das Agarwal, Kolkata

In the result, appeal of the revenue is dismissed

ITA 1254/KOL/2025[2014-15]Status: DisposedITAT Kolkata09 Sept 2025AY 2014-15

Bench: Shri George Mathan & Shri Rakesh Mishraआयकर अपील सं/Ita No.1254/Pat/2025 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year : 2014-2015) Dcit, Central Circle-3(2), Vs Bhagwan Das Agarwal, Kolkata 21, Hemant Basu Sarani, Dalhousie, Kolkata-700001 Pan No. :Afjpa 9084 Q (अपीलधर्थी /Appellant) (प्रत्यर्थी / Respondent) .. रधजस्व की ओर से /Revenue By : Shri Raja Sengupta, Cit-Dr निर्धाररती की ओर से /Assessee By : Shri Devesh Poddar, Advocate सुनवाई की तारीख / Date Of Hearing : 09/09/2025 घोषणा की तारीख/Date Of Pronouncement : 09/09/2025 आदेश / O R D E R Per George Mathan, Jm: This Is An Appeal Filed By The Revenue Against The Order Passed By The Ld.Cit(A), National Faceless Appeal Centre (Nfac), Delhi, Dated 24.03.2025 For The Assessment Year 2014-2015. 2. Shri Raja Sengupta, Ld. Cit-Dr Appeared On Behalf Of The Revenue & Shri Devesh Poddar, Ld. Ar Appeared On Behalf Of The Revenue. 3. A Perusal Of The Facts Of The Present Case Shows That The Order Of The Ld. Cit(A) Dated 24.03.2025 Has Been Received In The Office Of Pr.Cit, Central-2, Kolkata On 24.03.2025. The Limitation For Filing The Appeal Expired On 23.05.2025 & The Appeal Has Been Filed On 09.06.2025. Thus, There Is A Delay Of 21 Days In Filing The Appeal By The Revenue. In This Regard, The Revenue Has Filed A Condonation Application Stating Therein As Under :-

For Appellant: Shri Devesh Poddar, AdvocateFor Respondent: Shri Raja Sengupta, CIT-DR
Section 153ASection 3Section 68

fact that there is no application of mind by the Assessing Officer and the satisfaction appears to be more akin to a ‘borrowed satisfaction’ without any live link to the facts of the case. The relevant findings of the ld. CIT(A) recorded in this regard are as under :- Applying ... fact and conclusion thereof. There is no application of mind in any manner and his satisfaction appears to be more akin to a 'borrowed satisfaction' without any live link to the facts of the case. 11. A perusal of the grounds raised by the revenue clearly shows that the revenue

Ms Aditya Plastic, Rajkot vs. The Income Tax Officer, NFAC, Delhi

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is allowed

ITA 186/RJT/2024[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Rajkot03 Sept 2025AY 2013-14

Bench: Dr. Arjun Lal Saini & Shri Dinesh Mohan Sinhaआयकरअपीलसं./I.T.A. No.185 & 186/Rjt/2024 (िनधा"रणवष" / Assessment Year :2013-14) बनाम/ M/S Aditya Plastic The Income Tax Officer Umiya Industrial Building Ward-3(1)(1) Vs. Near New Nehru Nagar Rajkot -360 001 Main Road, Dhebar Road Rajkot – 360 004 "ायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. : Aajfa 4558 In (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) .. (""थ" / Respondent) Assessee By : Shri D.M. Rindani, Ld.Ar Revenue By : Shri Abhimanyu Singh Yadav, Ld.Sr.Dr सुनवाईकीतारीख/ Date Of Hearing 05/06/2025 घोषणाकीतारीख/Date Of Pronouncement 03/09/2025 आदेश / O R D E R Per Bench-: Captioned Two Appeals Filed By The Same Assessee Pertaining To Assessment Year (Ay) 2013-14 Are Directed Against The Order Passed By The Learned Commissioner Of Income Tax (Cit(A)-[(In Short “Ld.Cit(A)”] Vide Order Dated 01/02/2024, Which In Turn Arises Out Of An Assessment Order Dated 29/09/2021Passed By The Assessing Officer (Ao) U/S. 147 R.W.S. 144 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (In Short, “The Act”) Pertaining To Assessment Year (Ay) 2013-14. 2. The Grounds Of Appeal Raised By The Assessee Are As Follows:

For Appellant: Shri D.M. Rindani, Ld.ARFor Respondent: Shri Abhimanyu Singh Yadav, Ld.Sr.DR
Section 119Section 142(1)Section 147Section 148Section 69A

Counsel for the assessee also submitted that the reasons submitted by the AO are bad in law and there are basis on the borrowed satisfaction and there was no material before the AO to re-open the assessment proceedings. The Ld. Counsel for the assessee also submitted before us that ... further enquiries and has not applied his mind while forming a belief that income had escaped assessment in case of Appellant. This amounts to borrowed satisfaction which is not permitted in law. Narsimha Trading Co. (2025) 170 taxmann.com 10 (Guj HC). 5.Reasons recorded for re-opening do not show

Ms Aditya Plastic, Rajkot vs. The Income Tax Officer, Ward 3(1)(1), Rajkot-

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is allowed

ITA 185/RJT/2024[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Rajkot03 Sept 2025AY 2013-14

Bench: Dr. Arjun Lal Saini & Shri Dinesh Mohan Sinhaआयकरअपीलसं./I.T.A. No.185 & 186/Rjt/2024 (िनधा"रणवष" / Assessment Year :2013-14) बनाम/ M/S Aditya Plastic The Income Tax Officer Umiya Industrial Building Ward-3(1)(1) Vs. Near New Nehru Nagar Rajkot -360 001 Main Road, Dhebar Road Rajkot – 360 004 "ायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. : Aajfa 4558 In (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) .. (""थ" / Respondent) Assessee By : Shri D.M. Rindani, Ld.Ar Revenue By : Shri Abhimanyu Singh Yadav, Ld.Sr.Dr सुनवाईकीतारीख/ Date Of Hearing 05/06/2025 घोषणाकीतारीख/Date Of Pronouncement 03/09/2025 आदेश / O R D E R Per Bench-: Captioned Two Appeals Filed By The Same Assessee Pertaining To Assessment Year (Ay) 2013-14 Are Directed Against The Order Passed By The Learned Commissioner Of Income Tax (Cit(A)-[(In Short “Ld.Cit(A)”] Vide Order Dated 01/02/2024, Which In Turn Arises Out Of An Assessment Order Dated 29/09/2021Passed By The Assessing Officer (Ao) U/S. 147 R.W.S. 144 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (In Short, “The Act”) Pertaining To Assessment Year (Ay) 2013-14. 2. The Grounds Of Appeal Raised By The Assessee Are As Follows:

For Appellant: Shri D.M. Rindani, Ld.ARFor Respondent: Shri Abhimanyu Singh Yadav, Ld.Sr.DR
Section 119Section 142(1)Section 147Section 148Section 69A

Counsel for the assessee also submitted that the reasons submitted by the AO are bad in law and there are basis on the borrowed satisfaction and there was no material before the AO to re-open the assessment proceedings. The Ld. Counsel for the assessee also submitted before us that ... further enquiries and has not applied his mind while forming a belief that income had escaped assessment in case of Appellant. This amounts to borrowed satisfaction which is not permitted in law. Narsimha Trading Co. (2025) 170 taxmann.com 10 (Guj HC). 5.Reasons recorded for re-opening do not show

Aviral Marketing Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata vs. DCIT, Circle 4(1), Kolkata

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is allowed

ITA 1423/KOL/2025[2012-2013]Status: DisposedITAT Kolkata03 Sept 2025AY 2012-2013

Bench: Shri Rajesh Kumar & Shri Pradip Kumar Choubeyassessment Year: 2012-13 Aviral Marketing Pvt. Ltd…….……………..............................……….……Appellant 7, Camac Street, Azimganj House, 1St Floor, Shakespeare Sarani, Kol- 700017. [Pan: Aacca3794N] Vs. Dcit, Circle-4(1), Kolkata……………………………….....……...…..…..Respondent Appearances By: Shri Manoj Kataruka, Advocate, Appeared On Behalf Of The Appellant. Shri Ruchika Sharma, Sr. Dr, Appeared On Behalf Of The Respondent. Date Of Concluding The Hearing : September 02, 2025 Date Of Pronouncing The Order : September 03, 2025 Order Per Rajesh Kumar: The Present Appeal Has Been Preferred By The Assessee Against The Order Dated 07.11.2024 Of The National Faceless Appeal Centre [Hereinafter Referred To As The “Ld. Cit(A)”] Passed U/S 250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 [Hereinafter Referred To As The “Act”].

Section 143(3)Section 147Section 148Section 250Section 68

ambiguous and reopening based on the said reasons may be quashed. Besides, the ld. counsel argued that the Assessing Officer has acted as borrowed satisfaction of the investigation wing and has not recorded his own satisfaction. In defence of his argument, the ld. counsel has relied on the decision ... that the conclusions of the Assessing Officer are at best a reproduction of the conclusion in the investigation report and indeed it is a borrowed satisfaction as the reasons fail to demonstrate the link between the tangible material and the formation of the reasons to believe that income has escaped

Asst. Commissioner of Income Tax, Vikash Bhwan Delhi vs. Sumit Chhabra, Delhi

The appeal of the assessee is allowed and appeal of the Revenue is dismissed as infructuous

ITA 3879/DEL/2024[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi29 Aug 2025AY 2018-19

Bench: Ms. Madhumita Roy & Shri Naveen Chandrasumit Chhabra Vs. Assessment Unit, Nafac, Hno. 3, Kiran Vihar, Vikas Bhawan Karkardooma,, Anand Delhi Vihar, S.O. Anand Vihar East Delhi – 110092 "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No: Aecpc8652G Appellant .. Respondent Acit, Vikash Bhawan Vs. Sumit Chhabra Room No. 216, 2Nd Floor, H. No. 3, Kiran Vihar, D Block, Vikash Bhawan, Karkardooma, I.P. Estate, Delhi Delhi – 110092 110002 "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No: Aecpc8652G Appellant .. Respondent

For Appellant: Sh. Gaurav Jain, AdvFor Respondent: Sh. Manish Gupta, Sr. DR
Section 139(1)Section 147Section 148ASection 69C

submissions made by the Ld. Counsel appearing for the assessee before us that the issuance of notice under Section 148A(b) is based on borrowed satisfaction on the information received in accordance with risk management strategy that the assessee has made bogus purchases without making any further inquiries suggesting that ... conducted by him, we find the reason to believe drawn solely on the basis of the DDIT Investigation Wing report is nothing but a borrowed satisfaction which renders the proceeding under Section 147/148 of the Act vitiated and the proceeding is, therefore, quashed

Sumit Chhabra, Kiran Vihar, East Delhi vs. Assessment Unit, Nafac, Vikas Bhawan Delhi

The appeal of the assessee is allowed and appeal of the Revenue is dismissed as infructuous

ITA 3556/DEL/2024[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi29 Aug 2025AY 2018-19

Bench: Ms. Madhumita Roy & Shri Naveen Chandrasumit Chhabra Vs. Assessment Unit, Nafac, Hno. 3, Kiran Vihar, Vikas Bhawan Karkardooma,, Anand Delhi Vihar, S.O. Anand Vihar East Delhi – 110092 "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No: Aecpc8652G Appellant .. Respondent Acit, Vikash Bhawan Vs. Sumit Chhabra Room No. 216, 2Nd Floor, H. No. 3, Kiran Vihar, D Block, Vikash Bhawan, Karkardooma, I.P. Estate, Delhi Delhi – 110092 110002 "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No: Aecpc8652G Appellant .. Respondent

For Appellant: Sh. Gaurav Jain, AdvFor Respondent: Sh. Manish Gupta, Sr. DR
Section 139(1)Section 147Section 148ASection 69C

submissions made by the Ld. Counsel appearing for the assessee before us that the issuance of notice under Section 148A(b) is based on borrowed satisfaction on the information received in accordance with risk management strategy that the assessee has made bogus purchases without making any further inquiries suggesting that ... conducted by him, we find the reason to believe drawn solely on the basis of the DDIT Investigation Wing report is nothing but a borrowed satisfaction which renders the proceeding under Section 147/148 of the Act vitiated and the proceeding is, therefore, quashed