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“tangible material”

ReassessmentSection 147Section 1472,812 judgments

The decision most relied on for tangible material is CIT v. Kelvinator of India Ltd. (320 ITR 561), cited in 1,673 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on tangible material

CIT v. Kelvinator of India Ltd.
320 ITR 561 · 2010 · Supreme Court
1,673
citing judgments

An Assessing Officer cannot initiate reassessment proceedings under Section 147 of the Income Tax Act based on a mere change of opinion. Reassessment is permissible only when there is fresh tangible material leading to the belief of income escapement, not merely a review of existing facts.

ACIT v. Rajesh Jhaveri Stock Brokers Pvt. Ltd.
291 ITR 500 · 2007 · Supreme Court
1,030
citing judgments

For initiating reassessment proceedings under Section 147, the Assessing Officer needs only prima facie material providing a reason to believe that income has escaped assessment. Conclusive proof or the sufficiency/correctness of the material is not required at the stage of issuing the notice under Section 148.

CIT v. Kelvinator of India Ltd.
256 ITR 1 · 2002 · High Court
439
citing judgments

An Assessing Officer cannot reopen an assessment under Section 147 based on a mere change of opinion regarding the same material available during the original assessment. Reopening requires fresh, tangible material or information that leads to a reason to believe income has escaped assessment.

CIT v. Orient Craft Ltd.
354 ITR 536 · 2013 · High Court
366
citing judgments

Reassessment of income, especially after a summary assessment under Section 143(1), requires the Assessing Officer to possess fresh, tangible material to form a reason to believe that income has escaped assessment; a mere reappraisal of existing records or a change of opinion without new material is not permissible.

222 Taxman 15 (Gujarat)(MAG.), Principal Commissioner of Income-tax-4 v. G & G Pharma India Ltd.
384 ITR 147 · 2016 · High Court
274
citing judgments

An assessment can be reopened if there is tangible material indicating escapement of income, demonstrating a live link between the material and the reasons recorded for reopening. The Assessing Officer must apply their mind to the material facts, and the sanction under section 151 should not be based on borrowed satisfaction.

PCIT v. RMG Polyvinyl (I) Ltd.
396 ITR 5 · 2017 · High Court
272
citing judgments

Reassessment based solely on information from the Investigation Wing, without the Assessing Officer conducting further inquiry or demonstrating an independent application of mind, is unjustified and invalid.

CIT v. Foramer France
264 ITR 566 · 2003 · Supreme Court
253
citing judgments

Reassessment proceedings initiated under Section 147 beyond four years from the end of the relevant assessment year are invalid unless the assessee failed to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for assessment. Without such failure, the notice issued under Section 148 is time-barred and without jurisdiction.

Haryana Acrylic Manufacturing Company v. CIT
308 ITR 38 · 2009 · High Court
248
citing judgments

Reassessment proceedings are invalid if the reasons recorded for initiating action under section 148 are not served on the assessee within the limitation period prescribed by section 149. Furthermore, reassessment cannot be based on a mere change of opinion without tangible material, particularly when the assessee has made a full and true disclosure of material facts.

Judgments citing tangible material

DCIT, Circle-I, Ludhiana vs. Hemant Sood (HUF), Ludhiana

In the result, Revenue’s appeal is partly allowed

ITA 890/CHANDI/2024[2015-16]Status: DisposedITAT Chandigarh11 Aug 2025AY 2015-16

Bench: Shri Rajpal Yadav & Shri Krinwant Sahayआयकर अपील सं./ Ita No. 890/Chd/2024 "नधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year : 2015-16 Deputy Commissioner Of M/S Hemant Sood Income Tax, Circle-1, बनाम (Huf), Ludhiana. H.No 417-2, Sohi Vs. Street, College Road, Ludhiana. "थायी लेखा सं./Pan No: Aadhh2051P अपीलाथ"/Appellant ""यथ"/Respondent ( Physical Hearing ) "नधा"रती क" ओर से/Assessee By: Sh. Ashwani Kumar, Ca राज"व क" ओर से/ Revenue By : Shri Vivek Vardhan, Addl. Cit Sr.Dr सुनवाई क" तार"ख/Date Of Hearing : 24.06.2025 उदघोषणा क" तार"ख/Date Of Pronouncement : 11.08.2025 आदेश/Order Per Krinwant Sahay, Am: Appeal In This Case Has Been Filed By The Assessee Against The Order Dated 24-06-2024 Of Ld. Cit(A), National Faceless Appeal Centre (Nfac), Delhi.

For Appellant: Sh. Ashwani Kumar, CAFor Respondent: Shri Vivek Vardhan, Addl. CIT Sr.DR
Section 10(38)Section 143(3)Section 147Section 148

accordance with the procedure in law ? 890-Chd-2024 Hemant Sood (HUF), Ludhiana 5 2. When there is a tangible material and reasons to believe are recorded in detail then how can the Ld. CIT(A) state that the initiation of proceeding u/s 147 is not in accordance with ... Assessing Officer and taking approval of the specified authority within stipulated time. It is also argued by the Ld. DR that there was tangible material on record for recording reasons that the income had escaped assessment, therefore, the findings given by the Ld. CIT(A) against the reopening

Udhavrao Raghunath Kharate, Aurangabad vs. ITO Ward-1(1), Aurangabad

In the result, appeal of the assessee is allowed for statistical purpose

ITA 1470/PUN/2025[2011-12]Status: DisposedITAT Pune08 Aug 2025AY 2011-12

Bench: Dr.Dipak P. Ripote & Shri Vinay Bhamoreआयकर अपऩल सं. / Ita No.1470/Pun/2025 निर्धारण वषा / Assessment Year: 2011-12 Udhavrao Raghunath Kharate, V The Income Tax Officer, 220/1, Raghunandini Niwas, S Ward-1(1), Aurangabad. Near Bsnl Tower, At Post Maniknagar, Teh. Sillod District, Aurangabad – 431135. Pan: Apupk3432R Appellant/ Assessee Respondent / Revenue Assessee By Shri Ramesh N. Thete –Ar(Virtual) Revenue By Shri Ajay D. Kulkarni – Addl.Cit(Dr) Date Of Hearing 06/08/2025 Date Of Pronouncement 08/08/2025 आदेश/ Order Per Dr. Dipak P. Ripote, Am: This Is An Appeal Filed By The Assessee Directed Against The Order Of Ld.Addl./Joint Commissioner Of Income Tax(A)-1, Gurugram Passed Under Section 250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 Dated 24.04.2025 For The A.Y.2011-12 Emanating From The Assessment Order Under Section 143(3) R.W.S 147 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961, Dated 05.12.2018. Ita No.1470/Pun/2025 [A] Submission Of Ld.Ar :

Section 143(3)Section 147Section 250Section 44ASection 68

Bagasse, and this fact was within the knowledge of the AO even at the time of reopening. Mere deposit of cash, without any further tangible material indicating escapement of income, does not constitute "reason to believe" within the meaning of Section 147. Thus, the reopening

Jay Prabhudas Vithalani, Jamnagar vs. Principal Commissioner of Income Tax, Jamnagar

In the result, both the appeals of the same assessee (ITA No

ITA 75/RJT/2025[2021-22]Status: DisposedITAT Rajkot05 Aug 2025AY 2021-22

Bench: Dr. Arjunlal Saini & Shri Dinesh Mohan Sinhaआयकर अपीलसं./Ita No. 75/Rjt/2025 (निर्धारणवर्ष / Assessment Year: (2021-22) (Hybrid Hearing) Jay Prabhudas Vithlani 201, Varajresidency, 8 – Patel Colony, Gujarat-361008 Vs. The Principal Commissioner Of Income Tax, Aayakar Bhavan, Nr. Subhash Bridge, Jamnagar Rajkot Highway Gujarat-361001 स्थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No.: Abcpv0266A (Appellant) (Respondent) आयकर अपीलसं./Ita No.74/Rjt/2025 (निर्धारणवर्ष / Assessment Year: (2021-22) Khushaboo Jaykumar Vithlani 201, Varajresidency, 8 – Patel Colony, Gujarat-361008 Vs. The Principal Commissioner Of Income Tax, Aayakar Bhavan, Lal Wadi Main Road, Kaushal Nagar, Gujarat - 361110 स्थायी लेखासं . / जी आइआरसं . / Pan/Gir.: Aefpv6723A (Appellant) (Respondent) Appellant By Respondent By Date Of Hearing Date Of Pronouncement : Shri Sagar Shah, Ld. Ar : Shri Sanjay Kumar, Ld. Cit(Dr) : 19/06/2025 : 05/08/2025 आदेश / Order Per Dinesh Mohan Sinha, Jm: Captioned Two Appeals Filed By The Different Assessee, Pertaining To Assessment Year (Ay) – 2021-22, Are Directed Against The Separate Order Passed By The Principal Commissioner Of Income Tax [(In Short "Ld. Pr.Cit”] U/S. 263 Of The Act, Both Orders Dated 24.01.2025. 2. Since, These Two Appeals Filed By The Different Assessee For Same

Section 263

Insurance Co Ltd. (2010) 325 ITR 471 (Bom), it was held that, "Reopening of assessment on the same ground in the absence of any tangible material was based on mere change of opinion and therefore is not sustainable." Hence, based on the above-mentioned judicial pronouncements, in the absence