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“reason to believe”

ReassessmentSection 147Section 1474,202 judgments

The decision most relied on for reason to believe is CIT v. Kelvinator of India Ltd. (320 ITR 561), cited in 1,673 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on reason to believe

CIT v. Kelvinator of India Ltd.
320 ITR 561 · 2010 · Supreme Court
1,673
citing judgments

An Assessing Officer cannot initiate reassessment proceedings under Section 147 of the Income Tax Act based on a mere change of opinion. Reassessment is permissible only when there is fresh tangible material leading to the belief of income escapement, not merely a review of existing facts.

CIT v. Durga Prasad More
82 ITR 540 · 1971 · Supreme Court
1,579
citing judgments

Tax authorities must judge evidence using the test of human probabilities and consider the apparent as real until there are reasons to believe it is not. They can rely on circumstantial evidence and the preponderance of probabilities to determine the genuineness of transactions.

ACIT v. Rajesh Jhaveri Stock Brokers Pvt. Ltd.
291 ITR 500 · 2007 · Supreme Court
1,030
citing judgments

For initiating reassessment proceedings under Section 147, the Assessing Officer needs only prima facie material providing a reason to believe that income has escaped assessment. Conclusive proof or the sufficiency/correctness of the material is not required at the stage of issuing the notice under Section 148.

Raymond Woollen Mills Ltd. v. ITO
236 ITR 34 · 1999 · Supreme Court
862
citing judgments

For reassessment proceedings under Section 148, the Assessing Officer only needs prima facie material to have a reason to believe income has escaped assessment. Conclusive proof or evaluation of the sufficiency and correctness of such material is not required at the stage of issuing the notice.

ITO v. Lakhmani Mewal Das
103 ITR 437 · 1976 · Supreme Court
721
citing judgments

For reassessment proceedings, the 'reason to believe' that income has escaped assessment must be based on some material and not mere suspicion, establishing a live link between the information and the belief. Furthermore, for reassessment beyond four years, there must be a specific finding of the assessee's failure to disclose fully and truly all material facts.

CIT v. Jet Airways (I) Ltd.
331 ITR 236 · 2011 · High Court
694
citing judgments

The Assessing Officer loses jurisdiction and the entire reassessment becomes invalid if no addition is made in respect of the income that formed the basis of the reopening. Explanation 3 to Section 147 does not permit assessing other escaped income unless an addition is made for the original income forming the reason to believe.

PCIT v. Meenakshi Overseas Pvt. Ltd.
395 ITR 677 · 2017 · High Court
471
citing judgments

Reassessment proceedings initiated solely based on an investigation wing/appraisal report, without the Assessing Officer's independent application of mind to form a 'reason to believe' that income has escaped assessment, are beyond jurisdiction, bad in law, and void ab initio.

CIT v. Kelvinator of India Ltd.
256 ITR 1 · 2002 · High Court
439
citing judgments

An Assessing Officer cannot reopen an assessment under Section 147 based on a mere change of opinion regarding the same material available during the original assessment. Reopening requires fresh, tangible material or information that leads to a reason to believe income has escaped assessment.

Judgments citing reason to believe

M/S Radiance Exim Pvt Ltd., Mumbai vs. ITO 8 (1)(1), Mumbai

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is allowed

ITA 6635/MUM/2019[2007-08]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai31 Oct 2022AY 2007-08

Bench: Shri Aby T. Varkey, Jm & Shri S. Rifaur Rahman, Am आयकर अपील सं/ I.T.A. No.6635/Mum/2019 (निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year: 2007-08) M/S. Radiance Exim Pvt. बिधम/ Ito-8(1)(1) Ltd. Room No.621A, 6Th Floor, Vs. Shiv Chawl No.2, Shiv Aayakar Bhavan, M. K. Sagar Sejar Samiti, Tanaji Road, Mumbai-400020. Nagar, Kurar Village, Malad (E), Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400097. स्थधयी लेखध सं./जीआइआर सं./Pan/Gir No. : Aabcr4706L (अपीलार्थी /Appellant) .. (प्रत्यर्थी / Respondent) Assessee By: Shri Ashok Bansal Revenue By: Smt Mahita Nair (Sr. Ar) सुनवाई की तारीख / Date Of Hearing: 21/09/2022 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement: 31/10/2022 आदेश / O R D E R Per Aby T. Varkey, Jm: This Is An Appeal Preferred By The Assessee Against The Order Of The Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals)-21, Mumbai Dated 31.07.2019 For The Assessment Year 2007-08. 2. At The Outset, The Ld. Ar Of The Assessee Has Challenged The Legality/Validity Of The Action Of Ao To Re-Open The Assessment Of Ay 2007-08 U/S 147 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (Hereinafter “The Act”) By Issuance Of Notice U/S 148 Of The Act Dated 26.03.2014 & Consequent Passing Of Re-Assessment Order Vide Order Dated 20.03.2015, Which According To The Ld. Ar, Is Bad In Law For Several Reasons (Infra). According To The Ld. Ar, The Ao Did Not Had The Requisite Jurisdiction To Re-Open The Assessment U/S 147 Of The Act Because The Reasons Recorded By The Ao Dated 18.03.2014 (Refer Page

For Appellant: Shri Ashok BansalFor Respondent: Smt Mahita Nair (Sr. AR)
Section 142(1)Section 147Section 148

dated 26.03.2014. According to the Ld. AR, the fundamental jurisdictional requirement for re-opening an assessment was that the AO had “reason to believe escapement of income”. According to him, it is settled law that “reason to believe” postulates foundation based on information and belief based on reason. And even ... adverse information may trigger “reason to suspect”, (when he received information from DGIT (Inv.) against the assessee) and not reason to believe, which is the requirement of law to re-open, which was absent in this case. According to him, when the AO had adverse information [“reason to suspect”], then

DCIT 13(1)(2), Mumbai vs. Pebble Bay Developers P.Ltd, Mumbai

In the result, appeal of the In the result, appeal of the Revenue is allowed for statistical purposes, is allowed for statistical purposes, whereas the application of the assessee under rule 27 is ...

ITA 5744/MUM/2017[2008-09]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai21 Oct 2022AY 2008-09

Bench: Shri Om Prakash Kant () & Shri Pavan Kumar Gadale () Assessment Year: 2008-09 Dy. Commissioner Of Income- M/S Pebble Bay Developers Tax-13(1)(2), Pvt. Ltd., 2Nd Floor, Room No. 218, Vs. Raheja Chambers, Linking Aayakar Bhavan, M.K. Road, Road, Main Avenue Santacruz Mumbai-400020. (West), Mumbai-400054. Pan No. Aaccg 1645 E Appellant Respondent Revenue By : Ms. Vranda Matkari, Dr Assessee By : Mr. Nishit Gandhi, Ar Date Of Hearing : 26/08/2022 Date Of Pronouncement : 21/10/2022

For Appellant: Mr. Nishit Gandhi, ARFor Respondent: Ms. Vranda Matkari, DR
Section 143(1)Section 148Section 69C

most mere reasons Officer are vague, without application of mind and at the most mere reasons to suspect and not reason to believe; to suspect and not reason to believe; (f) the reassessment is initiated on the the reassessment is initiated on the assumption of escapement of income; escapement ... Moreover in the case, the assessee has not represented that actual has not represented that actual reasons recorded are different from the reasons to believe communicated to reasons recorded are different from the reasons to believe communicated to reasons recorded are different from the reasons to believe communicated