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“unexplained investment”

Cash Credits & Unexplained ItemsSection 69Section 695,821 judgments

The decision most relied on for unexplained investment is Sumati Dayal v. CIT (214 ITR 801), cited in 1,967 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on unexplained investment

Sumati Dayal v. CIT
214 ITR 801 · 1995 · Supreme Court
1,967
citing judgments

The Revenue is entitled to look behind the apparent form of a transaction to discover its true nature, applying the test of human probabilities and surrounding circumstances. If transactions defy logic or are unnatural, they can be treated as bogus, even if supported by some documentation, especially in cases of cash credits or unexplained investments.

K.P. Varghese v. ITO
131 ITR 597 · 1981 · Supreme Court
989
citing judgments

An addition to income cannot be made merely on the basis of a difference in valuation of assets or a Valuation Officer's report without establishing actual understatement of consideration or the source of unexplained funds through proper enquiry. The Assessing Officer must conduct proper enquiry and satisfy the conditions for making such additions.

Chuharmal v. CIT
172 ITR 250 · 1988 · Supreme Court
340
citing judgments

The expression 'income' under Section 69A of the Income-tax Act, 1961, has a wide meaning, encompassing anything that comes in or results in gain. Therefore, an assessee's unexplained investments, such as purchasing articles or depositing cash, can legitimately be inferred and deemed as income under this section.

CIT v. Kamdhenu Steel & Alloys Ltd.
361 ITR 220 · 2014 · High Court
328
citing judgments

When making an addition under section 68, the creditworthiness or financial strength of an investor contributing share capital or share application money can be proved by producing their bank statements showing sufficient balance for the investment. The Supreme Court dismissed the SLP against this decision.

CIT v. Dwarkadhish Investment (P) Ltd.
330 ITR 298 · 2011 · High Court
218
citing judgments

An assessee cannot be asked to explain the source of the source for cash credits, particularly share capital or share application money, once they have discharged the initial onus regarding the identity, genuineness of the transaction, and creditworthiness of the immediate investor.

CIT v. Jansampark Advertising & Marketing (P.) Ltd.
56 Taxmann.com 286 · 2015 · High Court
196
citing judgments

The Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) has an independent statutory obligation to conduct proper inquiries and verify facts, especially when the Assessing Officer has failed to do so. The CIT(A) must ensure effective inquiry is carried out before deleting additions or accepting additional evidence.

ITO v. Ch. Atchaiah
218 ITR 239 · 1996 · Supreme Court
149
citing judgments

Under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the Assessing Officer must tax any taxable income in the hands of the correct assessee to whom it truly belongs, having no option to assess it in any other person's hands.

CIT v. Stellar Investment Ltd.
192 ITR 287 · 1991 · High Court
146
citing judgments

Once the identity of the shareholders is established, no addition can be made in the hands of the assessee company under Section 68 for share capital or share application money, as it cannot be treated as undisclosed income.

Judgments citing unexplained investment

Ratnadeep Infrastructure Private Limited, Ahmedabad vs. Income Tax Officer, Old Ward 3(1)(3) New Ward3(1)(2)), Ahmedabad

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is allowed

ITA 1490/AHD/2025[2011-12]Status: DisposedITAT Ahmedabad06 Nov 2025AY 2011-12

Bench: Dr. Brr Kumar & Shri Siddhartha Nautiyal1. आयकर अपील सं /Ita No.1490/Ahd/2025, Asst.Year 2011-12 2. आयकर अपील सं /Ita No.1491/Ahd/2025, Asst.Year 2012-13 Ratnadeep Infrastructure The Income Tax Officer बनाम/ Private Limited Old Ward-3(1)(3) V/S. 126, 1St Floor New 3 (1) (2) Neelam Shopping Center Krishna Nagar Chowk Ahmedabad – 382 346 "थायी लेखा सं./Pan: Aaecr 5728 F (अपीलाथ"/ Appellant) ("" यथ"/ Respondent) Assessee By : Shri Chetan Agarwal, Ar Revenue By : Shri Abhijit, Sr.Dr सुनवाई की तारीख/Date Of Hearing : 16/09/2025 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement: 06/11/2025 आदेश/O R D E R Per Siddhartha Nautiyal, Jm: The Present Appeals Have Been Preferred By The Assessee Against The Separate Orders Of The Learned Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals), National Faceless Appeal Centre (Nfac), Delhi [Hereinafter Referred To As ‘Cit(A)’] Of Even Date 01/07/2025 Passed U/S.250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (Hereinafter Referred To As ‘The Act’) For The Assessment Years (Ays) 2011-2012 & 2012-13. 2. The Assessee Has Raised The Following Grounds Of Appeal In Ita No.1490/Ahd/2025 For Ay 2011-12:

For Appellant: Shri Chetan Agarwal, ARFor Respondent: Shri Abhijit, Sr.DR
Section 131Section 143(1)Section 143(3)Section 147Section 250Section 271(1)(c)Section 69

paid Rs. 60,00,000/- in cash out of unaccounted income toward the purchase of the said property and accordingly added the same as unexplained investment under section 69 of the Act. Though the assessee requested for cross-examination of Shri Bharat Patel, the witness expressed inability to attend ... NFAC, Delhi, challenging both the reopening under section 147 of the Act and the addition of Rs. 60,00,000/- as unexplained investment. In its written submissions, the assessee contended that reopening was invalid as it was based solely on a third-party statement without any independent verification or application

Kalpesh Chaturbhai Raiyani, Rajkot vs. The Income Tax Officer, Ward-1(1)(1), Rajkot

Appeal is allowed for statistical purpose

ITA 145/RJT/2025[2016-17]Status: DisposedITAT Rajkot04 Nov 2025AY 2016-17

Bench: Dr. Arjun Lal Saini & Shri Dinesh Mohan Sinhaआयकरअपीलसं./Ita No. 143-145/Rjt/2025 ("नधा"रणवष"/Assessment Year: (2014-15-2016-17) Kalpesh Chaturbhai Raiyani The Income Tax Officer, Ward- 8-New Meghani Nagar Corner, Sahakar Vs. 1(1)(1), Main Road, Aaykar Bhawan, Race Course Ring Rajkot - 360002 Road, Rajkot - 360001 "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No.: Aszpr8968H (अपीलाथ"/Assessee) (""यथ"/Respondent) Assessee By : Shri Samir Bhuptani, Ld. Ar Respondent By : Shri Abhimanyu Singh Yadav, Ld. Sr. Dr Date Of Hearing : 26/08/2025 : 04/11/2025 Date Of Pronouncement Order Per, Dinesh Mohan Sinha, J.M.: Captioned Appeal Filed By The Assessee, Pertaining To Assessment Year 2014-15 – 2016-17, Is Directed Against The Order Passed Under Section 250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961, By National Faceless Appeal Centre (Nfac), Delhi/Commissioner Of Income-Tax (Appeals), Dated 05.06.2024/06.06.2024, Which In Turn Arises Out Of An Order Passed By The Assessing Officer U/S 147 Read With Section 144B Of The Act, On 28.03.2022/ 29.03.2024. Ita No. 143-145/Rjt/2025 Kalpesh Chaturbhai Raiyani 2. Grounds Of Appeal Raised By The Assessee Are As Follows (Ita No. 143- Rjt-25):

For Appellant: Shri Samir Bhuptani, Ld. ARFor Respondent: Shri Abhimanyu Singh Yadav, Ld. Sr. DR
Section 144BSection 147Section 148Section 250Section 69B

assessee could not file proper particulars of business income / transactions to the AO and for this reason, the AO treated entire deposits as unexplained investment and made addition. The non- compliance was due to the reasonable circumstances. The appellant, therefore, most respectfully prays to kindly set aside the matter

Kalpesh Chaturbhai Raiyani, Rajkot vs. The Income Tax Officer, Ward-1(1)(1), Rajkot

Appeal is allowed for statistical purpose

ITA 144/RJT/2025[2015-16]Status: DisposedITAT Rajkot04 Nov 2025AY 2015-16

Bench: Dr. Arjun Lal Saini & Shri Dinesh Mohan Sinhaआयकरअपीलसं./Ita No. 143-145/Rjt/2025 ("नधा"रणवष"/Assessment Year: (2014-15-2016-17) Kalpesh Chaturbhai Raiyani The Income Tax Officer, Ward- 8-New Meghani Nagar Corner, Sahakar Vs. 1(1)(1), Main Road, Aaykar Bhawan, Race Course Ring Rajkot - 360002 Road, Rajkot - 360001 "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No.: Aszpr8968H (अपीलाथ"/Assessee) (""यथ"/Respondent) Assessee By : Shri Samir Bhuptani, Ld. Ar Respondent By : Shri Abhimanyu Singh Yadav, Ld. Sr. Dr Date Of Hearing : 26/08/2025 : 04/11/2025 Date Of Pronouncement Order Per, Dinesh Mohan Sinha, J.M.: Captioned Appeal Filed By The Assessee, Pertaining To Assessment Year 2014-15 – 2016-17, Is Directed Against The Order Passed Under Section 250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961, By National Faceless Appeal Centre (Nfac), Delhi/Commissioner Of Income-Tax (Appeals), Dated 05.06.2024/06.06.2024, Which In Turn Arises Out Of An Order Passed By The Assessing Officer U/S 147 Read With Section 144B Of The Act, On 28.03.2022/ 29.03.2024. Ita No. 143-145/Rjt/2025 Kalpesh Chaturbhai Raiyani 2. Grounds Of Appeal Raised By The Assessee Are As Follows (Ita No. 143- Rjt-25):

For Appellant: Shri Samir Bhuptani, Ld. ARFor Respondent: Shri Abhimanyu Singh Yadav, Ld. Sr. DR
Section 144BSection 147Section 148Section 250Section 69B

assessee could not file proper particulars of business income / transactions to the AO and for this reason, the AO treated entire deposits as unexplained investment and made addition. The non- compliance was due to the reasonable circumstances. The appellant, therefore, most respectfully prays to kindly set aside the matter

Kalpesh Chaturbhai Raiyani, Rajkot vs. The Income Tax Officer, Ward-1(1)(1), Rajkot

Appeal is allowed for statistical purpose

ITA 143/RJT/2025[2014-15]Status: DisposedITAT Rajkot04 Nov 2025AY 2014-15

Bench: Dr. Arjun Lal Saini & Shri Dinesh Mohan Sinhaआयकरअपीलसं./Ita No. 143-145/Rjt/2025 ("नधा"रणवष"/Assessment Year: (2014-15-2016-17) Kalpesh Chaturbhai Raiyani The Income Tax Officer, Ward- 8-New Meghani Nagar Corner, Sahakar Vs. 1(1)(1), Main Road, Aaykar Bhawan, Race Course Ring Rajkot - 360002 Road, Rajkot - 360001 "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No.: Aszpr8968H (अपीलाथ"/Assessee) (""यथ"/Respondent) Assessee By : Shri Samir Bhuptani, Ld. Ar Respondent By : Shri Abhimanyu Singh Yadav, Ld. Sr. Dr Date Of Hearing : 26/08/2025 : 04/11/2025 Date Of Pronouncement Order Per, Dinesh Mohan Sinha, J.M.: Captioned Appeal Filed By The Assessee, Pertaining To Assessment Year 2014-15 – 2016-17, Is Directed Against The Order Passed Under Section 250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961, By National Faceless Appeal Centre (Nfac), Delhi/Commissioner Of Income-Tax (Appeals), Dated 05.06.2024/06.06.2024, Which In Turn Arises Out Of An Order Passed By The Assessing Officer U/S 147 Read With Section 144B Of The Act, On 28.03.2022/ 29.03.2024. Ita No. 143-145/Rjt/2025 Kalpesh Chaturbhai Raiyani 2. Grounds Of Appeal Raised By The Assessee Are As Follows (Ita No. 143- Rjt-25):

For Appellant: Shri Samir Bhuptani, Ld. ARFor Respondent: Shri Abhimanyu Singh Yadav, Ld. Sr. DR
Section 144BSection 147Section 148Section 250Section 69B

assessee could not file proper particulars of business income / transactions to the AO and for this reason, the AO treated entire deposits as unexplained investment and made addition. The non- compliance was due to the reasonable circumstances. The appellant, therefore, most respectfully prays to kindly set aside the matter

Valji Harji Hirani, Bhuj vs. ITO.(Int.Txn), Gandhidham

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is allowed

ITA 119/RJT/2024[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Rajkot03 Nov 2025AY 2018-19

Bench: Dr. Arjun Lal Saini & Shri Dinesh Mohan Sinhaआयकर अपील सं./Ita No.119/Rjt/2024 ("नधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year: (2018-19) Valji Harji Hirani Vs. Ito, (Int. Txn) Meghpar, Nr. Dena Bank, Gandhidham (Gujarat) – 370201 Bhuj (Gujarat) - 370430 "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No.: Agjph6338K (Appellant) (Respondent) Appellant By : Shri Samir Bhuptani, Ld. Ar Respondent By : Smt. Pallavi, Ld. Cit(Dr) : 05/08/2025 Date Of Hearing Date Of Pronouncement : 03/11/2025 आदेश / O R D E R Per, Dinesh Mohan Sinha, Jm: Captioned Appeal Filed By The Assessee, Pertaining To Assessment Year (Ay)-2018-19, Is Directed Against The Order Passed By The Dispute Resolution Panel(Drp-2), Vide Order Dated 29.12.2023, Which In Turn Assessment Order Passed By Income Tax Department / Assessing Officer Under Section 144C(5) Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (In Short “The Act”), Vide Order Dated 18.01.2024. (Ita 2. Grounds Of Appeal Raised By The Assessee, Are As Follows: 1. The Learned Drp Panel Has Erroneously Applied Section 69 By Focusing On The Conditions Outlined In Section 69 Without Duly Considering The Applicant'S Submission Regarding The Source Of The Investment. It Is Emphasized That The Nre Fdrs In Question Are From Previous Years & Have Been Made From After Tax Income Earned Abroad, As Clearly Stated In The Submission. The Panel Has Failed To Acknowledge The Satisfactory Explanation Provided By The Assessee Regarding The Source Of Acquisition Of The Investment. Shri Leuva Patel Kelavani Mandal

For Appellant: Shri Samir Bhuptani, Ld. ARFor Respondent: Smt. Pallavi, Ld. CIT(DR)
Section 115BSection 144CSection 144C(5)Section 148Section 69

treated as unexplained as the assessee has not submitted the complete document proving the source and the same is treated as unexplained Investment under section 69 of the Income tax Act. Tax as per rates applicable u/s 115BBE of IT Act, 1961 and added to the total income. The Assessing ... issued the draft assessment order dated 30.03.2023 u/s. 144C of the Act by making an addition of Rs.1,05,06,635/- on account of unexplained investment under section 69 of the Act and proposing assessment of total income at Rs. 1,05,06,635/-. Aggrieved with the proposed addition