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“unexplained investment”

Cash Credits & Unexplained ItemsSection 69Section 695,821 judgments

The decision most relied on for unexplained investment is Sumati Dayal v. CIT (214 ITR 801), cited in 1,967 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on unexplained investment

Sumati Dayal v. CIT
214 ITR 801 · 1995 · Supreme Court
1,967
citing judgments

The Revenue is entitled to look behind the apparent form of a transaction to discover its true nature, applying the test of human probabilities and surrounding circumstances. If transactions defy logic or are unnatural, they can be treated as bogus, even if supported by some documentation, especially in cases of cash credits or unexplained investments.

K.P. Varghese v. ITO
131 ITR 597 · 1981 · Supreme Court
989
citing judgments

An addition to income cannot be made merely on the basis of a difference in valuation of assets or a Valuation Officer's report without establishing actual understatement of consideration or the source of unexplained funds through proper enquiry. The Assessing Officer must conduct proper enquiry and satisfy the conditions for making such additions.

Chuharmal v. CIT
172 ITR 250 · 1988 · Supreme Court
340
citing judgments

The expression 'income' under Section 69A of the Income-tax Act, 1961, has a wide meaning, encompassing anything that comes in or results in gain. Therefore, an assessee's unexplained investments, such as purchasing articles or depositing cash, can legitimately be inferred and deemed as income under this section.

CIT v. Kamdhenu Steel & Alloys Ltd.
361 ITR 220 · 2014 · High Court
328
citing judgments

When making an addition under section 68, the creditworthiness or financial strength of an investor contributing share capital or share application money can be proved by producing their bank statements showing sufficient balance for the investment. The Supreme Court dismissed the SLP against this decision.

CIT v. Dwarkadhish Investment (P) Ltd.
330 ITR 298 · 2011 · High Court
218
citing judgments

An assessee cannot be asked to explain the source of the source for cash credits, particularly share capital or share application money, once they have discharged the initial onus regarding the identity, genuineness of the transaction, and creditworthiness of the immediate investor.

CIT v. Jansampark Advertising & Marketing (P.) Ltd.
56 Taxmann.com 286 · 2015 · High Court
196
citing judgments

The Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) has an independent statutory obligation to conduct proper inquiries and verify facts, especially when the Assessing Officer has failed to do so. The CIT(A) must ensure effective inquiry is carried out before deleting additions or accepting additional evidence.

ITO v. Ch. Atchaiah
218 ITR 239 · 1996 · Supreme Court
149
citing judgments

Under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the Assessing Officer must tax any taxable income in the hands of the correct assessee to whom it truly belongs, having no option to assess it in any other person's hands.

CIT v. Stellar Investment Ltd.
192 ITR 287 · 1991 · High Court
146
citing judgments

Once the identity of the shareholders is established, no addition can be made in the hands of the assessee company under Section 68 for share capital or share application money, as it cannot be treated as undisclosed income.

Judgments citing unexplained investment

Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax, Central Circle-1, Ludhiana vs. Manu Gupta, Dhuri

The appeal stand dismissed

ITA 202/CHANDI/2025[2022-23]Status: DisposedITAT Chandigarh10 Nov 2025AY 2022-23

Bench: Hon’Ble Shri Rajpal Yadav & Hon’Ble Shri Manoj Kumar Aggarwal, Am 1. आयकर अपील सं./ Ita No.201/Chandi/2025 (िनधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year: 2022-23) Dcit Shri Rohit Gupta बनाम/ Central Circle-1 C/O Gupta Textile Trading Co. Vs. Ludhiana Old Anaj Mandi, Dhuri, Punjab-148024 "ायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Acapg-4615-M (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (""थ" / Respondent) 2. आयकर अपील सं./ Ita No.202/Chandi/2025 (िनधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year: 2022-23) Dcit Shri Manu Gupta बनाम/ Central Circle-1 C/O Gupta Textile Trading Co. Vs. Ludhiana Old Anaj Mandi, Dhuri, Punjab-148024 "ायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Acapg-4616-J (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (""थ" / Respondent) Assessee By : Shri Sudhir Sehgal (Advocate) – Ld. Ar Revenue By : Shri Abhishek Pal Garg (Cit) -Ld. Dr (Virtual) सुनवाईकीतारीख/Date Of Hearing : 28-10-2025 घोषणाकीतारीख /Date Of Pronouncement : 10/11/2025 आदेश / O R D E R Manoj Kumar Aggarwal () 1. The Facts In Captioned Twin Appeals For Assessment Year (Ay) 2022-23 Are Admittedly Identical. First, We Take Up Revenue’S Appeal Ita No. 201/Chandi/2025 Which Arises Out Of An Order Of Learned

For Appellant: Shri Sudhir Sehgal (Advocate) – Ld. ARFor Respondent: Shri Abhishek Pal Garg (CIT) -Ld. DR (Virtual)
Section 132Section 143(3)Section 69B

sole issue that arises for our consideration is addition of alleged payment of on- money for Rs.77.27 Lacs as unexplained investment as made by Ld. AO while framing the assessment against the assessee. The Ld. AR stated that the issue stand covered in assessee’s favor by the decision ... market value of the SCO at Rs.99.27 Lacs as against its registered value of Rs.22 Lacs and added the differential of Rs.77.27 Lacs as unexplained investment u/s 69B. 2.3 The Ld. CIT(A), considering first appeal order Appeal No.10241/2020-21/IT/CIT(A)-5/Ldh/2023-24 dated

Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax, Central Circle-1, Ludhiana vs. Rohit Gupta, Dhuri

The appeal stand dismissed

ITA 201/CHANDI/2025[2022-23]Status: DisposedITAT Chandigarh10 Nov 2025AY 2022-23

Bench: Hon’Ble Shri Rajpal Yadav & Hon’Ble Shri Manoj Kumar Aggarwal, Am 1. आयकर अपील सं./ Ita No.201/Chandi/2025 (िनधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year: 2022-23) Dcit Shri Rohit Gupta बनाम/ Central Circle-1 C/O Gupta Textile Trading Co. Vs. Ludhiana Old Anaj Mandi, Dhuri, Punjab-148024 "ायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Acapg-4615-M (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (""थ" / Respondent) 2. आयकर अपील सं./ Ita No.202/Chandi/2025 (िनधा"रण वष" / Assessment Year: 2022-23) Dcit Shri Manu Gupta बनाम/ Central Circle-1 C/O Gupta Textile Trading Co. Vs. Ludhiana Old Anaj Mandi, Dhuri, Punjab-148024 "ायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Acapg-4616-J (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (""थ" / Respondent) Assessee By : Shri Sudhir Sehgal (Advocate) – Ld. Ar Revenue By : Shri Abhishek Pal Garg (Cit) -Ld. Dr (Virtual) सुनवाईकीतारीख/Date Of Hearing : 28-10-2025 घोषणाकीतारीख /Date Of Pronouncement : 10/11/2025 आदेश / O R D E R Manoj Kumar Aggarwal () 1. The Facts In Captioned Twin Appeals For Assessment Year (Ay) 2022-23 Are Admittedly Identical. First, We Take Up Revenue’S Appeal Ita No. 201/Chandi/2025 Which Arises Out Of An Order Of Learned

For Appellant: Shri Sudhir Sehgal (Advocate) – Ld. ARFor Respondent: Shri Abhishek Pal Garg (CIT) -Ld. DR (Virtual)
Section 132Section 143(3)Section 69B

sole issue that arises for our consideration is addition of alleged payment of on- money for Rs.77.27 Lacs as unexplained investment as made by Ld. AO while framing the assessment against the assessee. The Ld. AR stated that the issue stand covered in assessee’s favor by the decision ... market value of the SCO at Rs.99.27 Lacs as against its registered value of Rs.22 Lacs and added the differential of Rs.77.27 Lacs as unexplained investment u/s 69B. 2.3 The Ld. CIT(A), considering first appeal order Appeal No.10241/2020-21/IT/CIT(A)-5/Ldh/2023-24 dated

Tarachand Rajendra Kumar Shah, Chennai vs. ACIT, Chennai

In the result, the appeal filed by the assessee is allowed

ITA 411/CHNY/2024[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Chennai07 Nov 2025AY 2018-19

Bench: Shri S.S. Viswanethra Ravi & Shri S.R. Raghunathaआयकर अपील सं./I.T.A. No.411/Chny/2024 िनधा"रण वष"/Assessment Year: 2018-19 Mr. Tarachand Rajendra Kumar Shah, Vs. The Assistant Commissioner Of No. 44, Thataamuthaippan Street, Income Tax, Sowcarpet, Chennai 600 079. Central Circle 3(3), [Pan: Anqpr1399L] Chennai. (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""थ"/Respondent) अपीलाथ" की ओर से / Appellant By : Shri D. Anand, Advocate ""थ" की ओर से/Respondent By : Shri C. Sivakumar, Addl. Cit सुनवाई की तारीख/ Date Of Hearing : 20.08.2025 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement : 07.11.2025 आदेश /O R D E R Per S.S. Viswanethra Ravi: This Appeal Filed By The Assessee Is Directed Against The Order Dated 26.12.2023 Passed By The Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals)-20, Chennai For The Assessment Year 2018-19. 2. Ground Nos. 1 & 2 Raised By The Assessee Is General In Nature & Requires No Adjudication.

For Appellant: Shri D. Anand, AdvocateFor Respondent: Shri C. Sivakumar, Addl. CIT
Section 68

confirming the addition made under section 69A of the Act. 7. It is noted that the Assessing Officer made addition on account of unexplained investment under section 69A of the Act with reference to the gold jewellery of 1926.43 grams as found in possession of assessee’s son during

Income-Tax Officer, Ward-4(2)(1), Ahmedabad vs. Late Khodaji Ranchhodji Thakor Legal Heir Narendakumar Khodaji Thakor, Ahmedabad

In the result, the appeal filed by the Revenue is, therefore, dismissed

ITA 948/AHD/2025[2017-18]Status: DisposedITAT Ahmedabad06 Nov 2025AY 2017-18

Bench: Dr. Brr Kumar & Shri Siddhartha Nautiyalआयकर अपील सं /Ita No.948/Ahd/2025 िनधा"रण वष" /Assessment Year : 2017-18 The Ito Late Khodaji Ranchhodji Ward-4(2)(1) बनाम/ Thakor V/S. Ahmedabad – 380 015 Legal Heir Narendrakumar Khodaji Thakor Ahmedabad – 382 481 "थायी लेखा सं./Pan: Afwpt 1453 K (अपीलाथ"/ Appellant) ("" यथ"/ Respondent) Assessee By : Shri Chetan Agarwal, Ar Revenue By : Shri B.P. Srivastava, Sr.Dr सुनवाई की तारीख/Date Of Hearing : 18/09/2025 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement: 06/11/2025 आदेश/O R D E R Per Siddhartha Nautiyal, Jm: The Present Appeal Has Been Preferred By The Revenue Against The Order Of The Learned Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals), National Faceless Appeal Centre (Nfac), Delhi [Hereinafter Referred To As ‘Cit(A)’] Dated 24/02/2025 Passed U/S.250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (Hereinafter Referred To As ‘The Act’) For The Assessment Year (Ay) 2017-2018. 2. The Revenue Has Raised The Following Grounds Of Appeal:

For Appellant: Shri Chetan Agarwal, ARFor Respondent: Shri B.P. Srivastava, Sr.DR
Section 133(6)Section 142(1)Section 144Section 148Section 250

account of unexplained money and Rs. 31,70,000/-on account of unexplained investment) on the ground that the assessee had expired before issue of Notice u/s. 142(1) of the Act. despite the fact that: ITO vs. Late Khodaji Ranchhodji Thakor Legal Heir Narendrakumar Khodaji Thakor Asst. Year ... Further, the AO made an addition of Rs. 31,70,000/- representing the assessee’s investment in immovable property, which was treated as unexplained investment under section 69 of the Act. The total income of the assessee was thus assessed at Rs. 1,73,54,690/-. The assessment was therefore

Jayeshbhai Gordhanbhai Patel, Anand vs. The ITO, Ward-1(3)(1), Petlad

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is allowed for statistical purposes, in the interest of justice

ITA 71/AHD/2025[2011-12]Status: DisposedITAT Ahmedabad06 Nov 2025AY 2011-12

Bench: Dr. Brr Kumar & Shri Siddhartha Nautiyalआयकर अपील सं /Ita No.71/Ahd/2025 िनधा"रण वष" /Assessment Year : 2011-12 Jayeshbhai Gordhanbhai Patel The Ito बनाम/ Kishan Cowk Ward-1(3)(1) V/S. Piplav, Anand – 388 460 Petlad – 388 450 Gujarat "थायी लेखा सं./Pan: Bixpp 2069 Q (अपीलाथ"/ Appellant) ("" यथ"/ Respondent) Assessee By : Shri Darshan Belani, Ar Revenue By : Shri C. Dharani Nath, Sr.Dr सुनवाई की तारीख/Date Of Hearing : 15/09/2025 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement: 06/11/2025 आदेश/O R D E R Per Siddhartha Nautiyal, Jm: The Present Appeal Has Been Preferred By The Assessee Against The Order Of The Learned Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals), National Faceless Appeal Centre (Nfac), Delhi [Hereinafter Referred To As ‘Cit(A)’] Dated 29/09/2022 Passed U/S.250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (Hereinafter Referred To As ‘The Act’) For The Assessment Year (Ay) 2011-2012. 2. The Assessee Has Raised The Following Grounds Of Appeal: “1. The Hon’Ble Cit(A) Erred In Law & Facts Of The Case By Upholding The Addition Amounting To Rs.23.30,500/- Made As Unexplained Investments In Case Of The Appellant For Ay 2011-12. 2. The Appellant Reserves The Right To Add/Alter Or Amend Any Of The Ground Of Appeal.” Jayeshbhai Gordhanbhai Patel Vs. Ito Asst. Year : 2011-12

For Appellant: Shri Darshan Belani, ARFor Respondent: Shri C. Dharani Nath, Sr.DR
Section 139Section 250Section 253(5)

erred in law and facts of the case by upholding the addition amounting to Rs.23.30,500/- made as unexplained investments in case of the appellant for AY 2011-12. 2. The appellant reserves the right to add/alter or amend any of the ground of appeal.” Jayeshbhai Gordhanbhai Patel ... grounds, inter alia, that the assessment order was passed without granting proper opportunity of hearing, that the addition of Rs. 23,30,500/- as unexplained investment was unjustified, and that the amount represented proceeds from sale of agricultural land not chargeable to tax under section

Ratnadeep Infrastructure Private Limited, Ahmedabad vs. Income Tax Officer, Old Ward 3(1)(3), New Ward 3(1)(2), Ahmedabad

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is allowed

ITA 1491/AHD/2025[2012-13]Status: DisposedITAT Ahmedabad06 Nov 2025AY 2012-13

Bench: Dr. Brr Kumar & Shri Siddhartha Nautiyal1. आयकर अपील सं /Ita No.1490/Ahd/2025, Asst.Year 2011-12 2. आयकर अपील सं /Ita No.1491/Ahd/2025, Asst.Year 2012-13 Ratnadeep Infrastructure The Income Tax Officer बनाम/ Private Limited Old Ward-3(1)(3) V/S. 126, 1St Floor New 3 (1) (2) Neelam Shopping Center Krishna Nagar Chowk Ahmedabad – 382 346 "थायी लेखा सं./Pan: Aaecr 5728 F (अपीलाथ"/ Appellant) ("" यथ"/ Respondent) Assessee By : Shri Chetan Agarwal, Ar Revenue By : Shri Abhijit, Sr.Dr सुनवाई की तारीख/Date Of Hearing : 16/09/2025 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement: 06/11/2025 आदेश/O R D E R Per Siddhartha Nautiyal, Jm: The Present Appeals Have Been Preferred By The Assessee Against The Separate Orders Of The Learned Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals), National Faceless Appeal Centre (Nfac), Delhi [Hereinafter Referred To As ‘Cit(A)’] Of Even Date 01/07/2025 Passed U/S.250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (Hereinafter Referred To As ‘The Act’) For The Assessment Years (Ays) 2011-2012 & 2012-13. 2. The Assessee Has Raised The Following Grounds Of Appeal In Ita No.1490/Ahd/2025 For Ay 2011-12:

For Appellant: Shri Chetan Agarwal, ARFor Respondent: Shri Abhijit, Sr.DR
Section 131Section 143(1)Section 143(3)Section 147Section 250Section 271(1)(c)Section 69

paid Rs. 60,00,000/- in cash out of unaccounted income toward the purchase of the said property and accordingly added the same as unexplained investment under section 69 of the Act. Though the assessee requested for cross-examination of Shri Bharat Patel, the witness expressed inability to attend ... NFAC, Delhi, challenging both the reopening under section 147 of the Act and the addition of Rs. 60,00,000/- as unexplained investment. In its written submissions, the assessee contended that reopening was invalid as it was based solely on a third-party statement without any independent verification or application