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“unexplained investment”

Cash Credits & Unexplained ItemsSection 69Section 695,821 judgments

The decision most relied on for unexplained investment is Sumati Dayal v. CIT (214 ITR 801), cited in 1,967 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on unexplained investment

Sumati Dayal v. CIT
214 ITR 801 · 1995 · Supreme Court
1,967
citing judgments

The Revenue is entitled to look behind the apparent form of a transaction to discover its true nature, applying the test of human probabilities and surrounding circumstances. If transactions defy logic or are unnatural, they can be treated as bogus, even if supported by some documentation, especially in cases of cash credits or unexplained investments.

K.P. Varghese v. ITO
131 ITR 597 · 1981 · Supreme Court
989
citing judgments

An addition to income cannot be made merely on the basis of a difference in valuation of assets or a Valuation Officer's report without establishing actual understatement of consideration or the source of unexplained funds through proper enquiry. The Assessing Officer must conduct proper enquiry and satisfy the conditions for making such additions.

Chuharmal v. CIT
172 ITR 250 · 1988 · Supreme Court
340
citing judgments

The expression 'income' under Section 69A of the Income-tax Act, 1961, has a wide meaning, encompassing anything that comes in or results in gain. Therefore, an assessee's unexplained investments, such as purchasing articles or depositing cash, can legitimately be inferred and deemed as income under this section.

CIT v. Kamdhenu Steel & Alloys Ltd.
361 ITR 220 · 2014 · High Court
328
citing judgments

When making an addition under section 68, the creditworthiness or financial strength of an investor contributing share capital or share application money can be proved by producing their bank statements showing sufficient balance for the investment. The Supreme Court dismissed the SLP against this decision.

CIT v. Dwarkadhish Investment (P) Ltd.
330 ITR 298 · 2011 · High Court
218
citing judgments

An assessee cannot be asked to explain the source of the source for cash credits, particularly share capital or share application money, once they have discharged the initial onus regarding the identity, genuineness of the transaction, and creditworthiness of the immediate investor.

CIT v. Jansampark Advertising & Marketing (P.) Ltd.
56 Taxmann.com 286 · 2015 · High Court
196
citing judgments

The Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) has an independent statutory obligation to conduct proper inquiries and verify facts, especially when the Assessing Officer has failed to do so. The CIT(A) must ensure effective inquiry is carried out before deleting additions or accepting additional evidence.

ITO v. Ch. Atchaiah
218 ITR 239 · 1996 · Supreme Court
149
citing judgments

Under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the Assessing Officer must tax any taxable income in the hands of the correct assessee to whom it truly belongs, having no option to assess it in any other person's hands.

CIT v. Stellar Investment Ltd.
192 ITR 287 · 1991 · High Court
146
citing judgments

Once the identity of the shareholders is established, no addition can be made in the hands of the assessee company under Section 68 for share capital or share application money, as it cannot be treated as undisclosed income.

Judgments citing unexplained investment

P.Shanmugasundaram (HUF), Erode vs. DCIT Central Circle 3(I/C), Coimbatore

In the result, the appeal stands partly allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 1997/CHNY/2024[2012-13]Status: DisposedITAT Chennai24 Feb 2025AY 2012-13

Bench: Hon’Ble Shri Manoj Kumar Aggarwal, Am & Hon’Ble Shri Manu Kumar Giri, Jm 1.आयकरअपील सं. / Ita No.1995/Chny/2024 (िनधा9रणवष9 / Assessment Year: 2012-13) Shri Shanmugasundaram Umashankar Dcit बनाम/ 531, Easwaran Koil Street, Central Circle-3(I/C) Vs. Erode-638 001. Coimbatore. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Aafpu-0364-C (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (" थ" / Respondent) & 2.आयकरअपील सं. / Ita No.1996/Chny/2024 (िनधा9रणवष9 / Assessment Year: 2012-13) Shri Shanmugasundaram Karthikeyan Dcit बनाम/ 531, Easwaran Koil Street, Central Circle-3(I/C) Vs. Erode-638 001. Coimbatore. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Aeepk-4137-L (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (" थ" / Respondent) & 3.आयकरअपील सं. / Ita No.1997/Chny/2024 (िनधा9रणवष9 / Assessment Year: 2012-13) Shri P. Shanmugasundaram (Huf) Dcit बनाम/ 531, Easwaran Koil Street, Central Circle-3(I/C) Vs. Erode-638 001. Coimbatore. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Aachp-1597-H (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (" थ" / Respondent) अपीलाथ" कीओरसे/ Appellant By : Ms. T.V. Muthu Abirami (Advocate)- Ld.Ar " थ"कीओरसे/Respondent By : Shri R. Clement Ramesh Kumar (Cit)-Ld. Dr सुनवाई की तारीख/Date Of Hearing : 03-12-2024 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement : 24-02-2025

For Appellant: Ms. T.V. Muthu Abirami (Advocate)- Ld.ARFor Respondent: Shri R. Clement Ramesh Kumar (CIT)-Ld. DR
Section 143(3)Section 234B

around Rs.916.47 Lacs was generated by the firm in the matter of 7 months to make payment over and above registered value. Therefore, unexplained investment for purchase of the property would have been contributed by the partners only and therefore, the same was to be assessed in the hands

Shanmugasundaram Karthikeyan, Erode vs. DCIT Central Circle - 3(I/C), Coimbatore

In the result, the appeal stands partly allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 1996/CHNY/2024[2012-13]Status: DisposedITAT Chennai24 Feb 2025AY 2012-13

Bench: Hon’Ble Shri Manoj Kumar Aggarwal, Am & Hon’Ble Shri Manu Kumar Giri, Jm 1.आयकरअपील सं. / Ita No.1995/Chny/2024 (िनधा9रणवष9 / Assessment Year: 2012-13) Shri Shanmugasundaram Umashankar Dcit बनाम/ 531, Easwaran Koil Street, Central Circle-3(I/C) Vs. Erode-638 001. Coimbatore. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Aafpu-0364-C (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (" थ" / Respondent) & 2.आयकरअपील सं. / Ita No.1996/Chny/2024 (िनधा9रणवष9 / Assessment Year: 2012-13) Shri Shanmugasundaram Karthikeyan Dcit बनाम/ 531, Easwaran Koil Street, Central Circle-3(I/C) Vs. Erode-638 001. Coimbatore. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Aeepk-4137-L (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (" थ" / Respondent) & 3.आयकरअपील सं. / Ita No.1997/Chny/2024 (िनधा9रणवष9 / Assessment Year: 2012-13) Shri P. Shanmugasundaram (Huf) Dcit बनाम/ 531, Easwaran Koil Street, Central Circle-3(I/C) Vs. Erode-638 001. Coimbatore. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Aachp-1597-H (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (" थ" / Respondent) अपीलाथ" कीओरसे/ Appellant By : Ms. T.V. Muthu Abirami (Advocate)- Ld.Ar " थ"कीओरसे/Respondent By : Shri R. Clement Ramesh Kumar (Cit)-Ld. Dr सुनवाई की तारीख/Date Of Hearing : 03-12-2024 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement : 24-02-2025

For Appellant: Ms. T.V. Muthu Abirami (Advocate)- Ld.ARFor Respondent: Shri R. Clement Ramesh Kumar (CIT)-Ld. DR
Section 143(3)Section 234B

around Rs.916.47 Lacs was generated by the firm in the matter of 7 months to make payment over and above registered value. Therefore, unexplained investment for purchase of the property would have been contributed by the partners only and therefore, the same was to be assessed in the hands

Shanmugasundaram Umashankar, Erode vs. DCIT Central Circle 3(I/C), Coimbatore

In the result, the appeal stands partly allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 1995/CHNY/2024[2012-13]Status: DisposedITAT Chennai24 Feb 2025AY 2012-13

Bench: Hon’Ble Shri Manoj Kumar Aggarwal, Am & Hon’Ble Shri Manu Kumar Giri, Jm 1.आयकरअपील सं. / Ita No.1995/Chny/2024 (िनधा9रणवष9 / Assessment Year: 2012-13) Shri Shanmugasundaram Umashankar Dcit बनाम/ 531, Easwaran Koil Street, Central Circle-3(I/C) Vs. Erode-638 001. Coimbatore. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Aafpu-0364-C (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (" थ" / Respondent) & 2.आयकरअपील सं. / Ita No.1996/Chny/2024 (िनधा9रणवष9 / Assessment Year: 2012-13) Shri Shanmugasundaram Karthikeyan Dcit बनाम/ 531, Easwaran Koil Street, Central Circle-3(I/C) Vs. Erode-638 001. Coimbatore. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Aeepk-4137-L (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (" थ" / Respondent) & 3.आयकरअपील सं. / Ita No.1997/Chny/2024 (िनधा9रणवष9 / Assessment Year: 2012-13) Shri P. Shanmugasundaram (Huf) Dcit बनाम/ 531, Easwaran Koil Street, Central Circle-3(I/C) Vs. Erode-638 001. Coimbatore. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Aachp-1597-H (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (" थ" / Respondent) अपीलाथ" कीओरसे/ Appellant By : Ms. T.V. Muthu Abirami (Advocate)- Ld.Ar " थ"कीओरसे/Respondent By : Shri R. Clement Ramesh Kumar (Cit)-Ld. Dr सुनवाई की तारीख/Date Of Hearing : 03-12-2024 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement : 24-02-2025

For Appellant: Ms. T.V. Muthu Abirami (Advocate)- Ld.ARFor Respondent: Shri R. Clement Ramesh Kumar (CIT)-Ld. DR
Section 143(3)Section 234B

around Rs.916.47 Lacs was generated by the firm in the matter of 7 months to make payment over and above registered value. Therefore, unexplained investment for purchase of the property would have been contributed by the partners only and therefore, the same was to be assessed in the hands

DCIT, Central Circle 2(3), Chennai vs. Vavipalayam Selvaraju Thennerasu, Namakkal

In the result, both the appeals stand dismissed

ITA 1153/CHNY/2024[2015-16]Status: DisposedITAT Chennai24 Feb 2025AY 2015-16

Bench: Hon’Ble Shri Aby T. Varkey, Jm & Hon’Ble Shri Manoj Kumar Aggarwal, Am 1. आयकरअपील सं. / Ita No.1152/Chny/2024 (िनधा*रण वष* / Assessment Year: 2015-16) Dcit Smt. Amutha Thennarasu बनाम/ Central Circle-2(3) 2/352, Vavipalayam, Vs. Chennai. Kollaram P.O., Namakkal -637 201. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Abypa-7011-Q (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (" थ" / Respondent) & 2. आयकरअपील सं. / Ita No.1153/Chny/2024 (िनधा*रण वष* / Assessment Year: 2015-16) Dcit Shri Vavipalayam Selvaraju Thennarasu बनाम/ Central Circle-2(3) 2/352, Vavipalayam, Vs. Chennai. Kollaram P.O, Namakkal -637 201. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Abfpt-8530-N (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (" थ" / Respondent) अपीलाथ"कीओरसे/ Appellant By : Shri Clement Ramesh Kumar (Cit) -Ld. Dr " थ"कीओरसे/Respondent By : Shri M.V. Swaroop (Advocate) - Ld. Ar सुनवाईकीतारीख/Date Of Hearing : 08-01-2025 घोषणाकीतारीख /Date Of Pronouncement : 24-02-2025 आदेश / O R D E R Manoj Kumar Aggarwal ()

For Appellant: Shri Clement Ramesh Kumar (CIT) -Ld. DRFor Respondent: Shri M.V. Swaroop (Advocate) - Ld. AR
Section 132Section 143

erroneous on facts of the case and in law. 2 The Ld.CIT(A) erred in deleting the addition Rs.10,39,38,614/- made towards unexplained investment in the purchase of property, evidenced by the entries found in material seized in the locker belonging to third party. 2.1. The Ld.CIT ... deed, hence the same cannot be considered as dumb documents. As is evident, the sole issue that arises for our consideration is addition of unexplained investment. 2. The Ld. CIT-DR advanced arguments and submitted that the impugned addition is based on certain documents as found from the locker

DCIT, Central Circle 2(3), Chennai vs. Amutha Thennarasu, Namakkal

In the result, both the appeals stand dismissed

ITA 1152/CHNY/2024[2015-16]Status: DisposedITAT Chennai24 Feb 2025AY 2015-16

Bench: Hon’Ble Shri Aby T. Varkey, Jm & Hon’Ble Shri Manoj Kumar Aggarwal, Am 1. आयकरअपील सं. / Ita No.1152/Chny/2024 (िनधा*रण वष* / Assessment Year: 2015-16) Dcit Smt. Amutha Thennarasu बनाम/ Central Circle-2(3) 2/352, Vavipalayam, Vs. Chennai. Kollaram P.O., Namakkal -637 201. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Abypa-7011-Q (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (" थ" / Respondent) & 2. आयकरअपील सं. / Ita No.1153/Chny/2024 (िनधा*रण वष* / Assessment Year: 2015-16) Dcit Shri Vavipalayam Selvaraju Thennarasu बनाम/ Central Circle-2(3) 2/352, Vavipalayam, Vs. Chennai. Kollaram P.O, Namakkal -637 201. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Abfpt-8530-N (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (" थ" / Respondent) अपीलाथ"कीओरसे/ Appellant By : Shri Clement Ramesh Kumar (Cit) -Ld. Dr " थ"कीओरसे/Respondent By : Shri M.V. Swaroop (Advocate) - Ld. Ar सुनवाईकीतारीख/Date Of Hearing : 08-01-2025 घोषणाकीतारीख /Date Of Pronouncement : 24-02-2025 आदेश / O R D E R Manoj Kumar Aggarwal ()

For Appellant: Shri Clement Ramesh Kumar (CIT) -Ld. DRFor Respondent: Shri M.V. Swaroop (Advocate) - Ld. AR
Section 132Section 143

erroneous on facts of the case and in law. 2 The Ld.CIT(A) erred in deleting the addition Rs.10,39,38,614/- made towards unexplained investment in the purchase of property, evidenced by the entries found in material seized in the locker belonging to third party. 2.1. The Ld.CIT ... deed, hence the same cannot be considered as dumb documents. As is evident, the sole issue that arises for our consideration is addition of unexplained investment. 2. The Ld. CIT-DR advanced arguments and submitted that the impugned addition is based on certain documents as found from the locker

Harsha, Jiwana Baghpat vs. Income Tax Officer Ward 1(5) Baraut, Baraut

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 3527/DEL/2023[2012-13]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi24 Feb 2025AY 2012-13

Bench: Shri Satbeer Singh Godara & Shri Manish Agarwalincome Tax Officer, Harsha, Ward-1(5), Jiwana Baghpat-250611, Vs. Baraut. Uttar Pradesh. Pan-Adlph3085L (Appellant) (Respondent) Assessee By Shri R.K. Gaur, Ca Department By Sh. Rajesh Kumar Dhanesta, Sr. Dr Date Of Hearing 24/02/2025 Date Of Pronouncement 24/02/2025 O R D E R Per Manish Agarwal, Am: This Appeal Is Filed By The Assessee Against The Order Of The Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals), National Faceless Appeal Centre (Nfac) Vide Order U/S 250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (In Short “The Act”) Dated 01/11/2023 For The Asst. Year 2012-13. 2. Brief Facts Of The Case Are That The Assessee Is An Individual & During This Year Had Purchased An Agricultural Land Measuring 8.8200 Hectare In Auction Jointly With Five Other Persons At A Total Sale Consideration Of Rs.1,50,82,200/-. Beside This A Sum Of Rs. Harsha Vs. Ito 7,55,000/- Was Paid Towards Stamp Duty Making Total Cost Of Land Was At Rs. 1,65,92,000/-. As The Assessee Has Not Filed Any Return Of Income, The Reassessment Proceedings Were Initiated By Issue Of Notice U/S 148 On 29/03/2019. The Assessee Has Not Attended The Reassessment Proceedings & The Finally The Reassessment Order Was Passed U/S 144/147 Of The Act On 7/12/2019 Wherein The Ao Had Made The Addition Of Rs. 27,65,333/- Being His Share In Investment In Acquisition Of The Property From Undisclosed Sources.

Section 144Section 148Section 250

subject, the learned officer was not justified in treating the invested amount in the property amounting to Rs.27,65,333/- as unexplained investment. The Ld. Officer ignored the fact that the assessee was a part of the AOP which took the auction of the land with other five people also