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“unexplained investment”

Cash Credits & Unexplained ItemsSection 69Section 695,821 judgments

The decision most relied on for unexplained investment is Sumati Dayal v. CIT (214 ITR 801), cited in 1,967 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on unexplained investment

Sumati Dayal v. CIT
214 ITR 801 · 1995 · Supreme Court
1,967
citing judgments

The Revenue is entitled to look behind the apparent form of a transaction to discover its true nature, applying the test of human probabilities and surrounding circumstances. If transactions defy logic or are unnatural, they can be treated as bogus, even if supported by some documentation, especially in cases of cash credits or unexplained investments.

K.P. Varghese v. ITO
131 ITR 597 · 1981 · Supreme Court
989
citing judgments

An addition to income cannot be made merely on the basis of a difference in valuation of assets or a Valuation Officer's report without establishing actual understatement of consideration or the source of unexplained funds through proper enquiry. The Assessing Officer must conduct proper enquiry and satisfy the conditions for making such additions.

Chuharmal v. CIT
172 ITR 250 · 1988 · Supreme Court
340
citing judgments

The expression 'income' under Section 69A of the Income-tax Act, 1961, has a wide meaning, encompassing anything that comes in or results in gain. Therefore, an assessee's unexplained investments, such as purchasing articles or depositing cash, can legitimately be inferred and deemed as income under this section.

CIT v. Kamdhenu Steel & Alloys Ltd.
361 ITR 220 · 2014 · High Court
328
citing judgments

When making an addition under section 68, the creditworthiness or financial strength of an investor contributing share capital or share application money can be proved by producing their bank statements showing sufficient balance for the investment. The Supreme Court dismissed the SLP against this decision.

CIT v. Dwarkadhish Investment (P) Ltd.
330 ITR 298 · 2011 · High Court
218
citing judgments

An assessee cannot be asked to explain the source of the source for cash credits, particularly share capital or share application money, once they have discharged the initial onus regarding the identity, genuineness of the transaction, and creditworthiness of the immediate investor.

CIT v. Jansampark Advertising & Marketing (P.) Ltd.
56 Taxmann.com 286 · 2015 · High Court
196
citing judgments

The Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) has an independent statutory obligation to conduct proper inquiries and verify facts, especially when the Assessing Officer has failed to do so. The CIT(A) must ensure effective inquiry is carried out before deleting additions or accepting additional evidence.

ITO v. Ch. Atchaiah
218 ITR 239 · 1996 · Supreme Court
149
citing judgments

Under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the Assessing Officer must tax any taxable income in the hands of the correct assessee to whom it truly belongs, having no option to assess it in any other person's hands.

CIT v. Stellar Investment Ltd.
192 ITR 287 · 1991 · High Court
146
citing judgments

Once the identity of the shareholders is established, no addition can be made in the hands of the assessee company under Section 68 for share capital or share application money, as it cannot be treated as undisclosed income.

Judgments citing unexplained investment

Mohanraj, Coimbatore vs. DCIT, Central Circle 3, Coimbatore

In the result, all the five appeals filed by the assessee are allowed

ITA 548/CHNY/2024[2014-15]Status: DisposedITAT Chennai11 Mar 2025AY 2014-15

Bench: Shri George George K & Shri S.R. Raghunathaआयकर अपील सं./Ita No.: 548 To 552/Chny/2024 िनधा"रण वष"/Assessment Years: 2014-15 To 2018-19 Shri Mohanraj Deputy Commissioner Of 76, State Bank Road, Vs. Income Tax, Coimbatore-641 018. Central Circle-3 Pan: Ahopm-2335-H Coimbatore. (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""यथ"/Respondent) अपीलाथ" क" ओर से/Appellant By : Mr. S.Sridhar, Advocate ""यथ" क" ओर से/Respondent By : Ms.T.M.Suganthamala, Cit सुनवाई क" तारीख/Date Of Hearing : 26.02.2025 घोषणा क" तारीख/Date Of Pronouncement : 11.03.2025 आदेश /O R D E R Per Bench: These Five Appeals At The Instance Of The Assessee Are Directed Against Five Separate Orders Of Cit(A), Chennai-20, All Dated 16.02.2024, Passed Under Section 250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (Hereinafter Called ‘The Act’). The Relevant Assessment Years Are 2014-15 To 2018-19. 2. The Common Issue Is Raised In These Appeals, Hence, They Were Heard Together & Are Being Disposed Off By This Consolidated Order. Identical Grounds Are Raised Except For Variation In Figures.

For Appellant: Mr. S.Sridhar, AdvocateFor Respondent: Ms.T.M.Suganthamala, CIT
Section 153ASection 250Section 56

assessment year 2018-19, the AO has made addition of Rs.1,50,00,000/- u/s.69 of the Act, as unexplained investment. In the search conducted in the premises of the assessee, there was no incriminating material to disclose that assessee had advanced loan outside books of account to Shri O.Arumugasamy

Smt. Amandeep Kaur W/O Sh. Bhupinder Singh, Nawanshahr vs. Income Tax Officer Ward, Nawanshahar

In the result, the Assessee’s appeal is allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 263/ASR/2024[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Amritsar10 Mar 2025AY 2013-14

Bench: Shri Udayan Das Gupta & Shri Krinwant Sahayआयकर अपील सं./ Ita No. 263/Asr/2024 निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year : 2013-14 Amandeep Kaur, बनाम The Ito, W/O Shri Bhupinder Singh, Ward, Moh Rajan, Rahon Town, Nawanshahr District Nawanshahr स्थधयी लेखध सं./Pan No: Avfps3980C अपीलधथी/Appellant प्रत्यथी/Respondent ( Virtual Hearing ) निर्धाररती की ओर से/Assessee By : Shri Rakesh Joshi, Advocate रधजस्व की ओर से/ Revenue By : Shri Davinder Pal Singh, Sr. Dr सुिवधई की तधरीख/Date Of Hearing : 16.12.2024 उदघोर्णध की तधरीख/Date Of Pronouncement : 10.03.2025 आदेश/Order Per Krinwant Sahay, Am: Appeal In This Case Has Been Filed By The Assessee Against The Order Dated 20.05.2024 Passed By Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals), National Faceless Appeal Centre (Nfac), Delhi On The Following Grounds: 2. Grounds Of Appeal Are As Under:-

For Appellant: Shri Rakesh Joshi, AdvocateFor Respondent: Shri Davinder Pal Singh, Sr. DR
Section 80

Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals)-NFAC, Delhi has further erred in law & facts of the case in confirming the investment of insurance amount as unexplained investment.. 3. That the Ld. Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) NFAC, Delhi Further also erred in law & facts of the case in further confirming

Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax Central Circle-I, Jalandhar vs. Shrimati Jatinder Kaur Alias Amrita, Jalandhar

In the result the appeal of the Revenue is dismissed

ITA 146/ASR/2022[2017-18]Status: DisposedITAT Amritsar10 Mar 2025AY 2017-18

Bench: Shri Udayan Das Gupta & Shri Krinwant Sahayआयकर अपील सं./ Ita No. 146/Asr/2022 निर्धारण वर्ा / Assessment Year : 2017-18 The Acit, बनाम Smt. Jatinder Kaur Alias Central Circle-1, Amrita, Jalandhar 326A, Guru Teg Bahadur Nagar, Jalandhar स्थधयी लेखध सं./Pan No: Aalpa2363B अपीलधथी/Appellant प्रत्यथी/Respondent ( Hybrid Hearing ) निर्धाररती की ओर से/Assessee By : Shri S. S. Kalra, Ca रधजस्व की ओर से/ Revenue By : Shri Davinder Pal Singh, Sr. Dr सुिवधई की तधरीख/Date Of Hearing : 19.12.2024 उदघोर्णध की तधरीख/Date Of Pronouncement : 10.03.2025 आदेश/Order Per Krinwant Sahay, Am: Appeal In This Case Has Been Filed By The Assessee Against The Order Dated 21.04.2022 Passed By Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals)-5, Ludhiana [ Herein Referred To As ‘Cit(A)’ ]On The Following Grounds:

For Appellant: Shri S. S. Kalra, CAFor Respondent: Shri Davinder Pal Singh, Sr. DR
Section 254Section 69

circumstances of the case, the Ld. CIT(A) has erred in deleting the addition of Rs.71,73,954/- on account of unexplained investment u/s 69 of the Act which was transferred in the account of assessee through foreign remittance by her father during the year under consideration? 2. Whether

ACIT, Central Circle, Alwar vs. Sh. Tara Chand Gupta, Alwar

In the result the appeal filed by the revenue in ITA no

ITA 514/JPR/2024[2017-18]Status: DisposedITAT Jaipur10 Mar 2025AY 2017-18

Bench: DR. S. SEETHALAKSHMI (Judicial Member), SHRI RATHOD KAMLESH JAYANTBHAI, AM आयकर अपील सं./ITA. Nos.447 to 449/JP/2024 निर्धारण वर्ष / Assessment Years : 2015-16 to 2017-18 Shri Tarachand Gupta 9 Keshav Nagar Sch 13, Alwar बनाम ACIT, Vs. Central Circle, Alwar स्थायी लेखा सं./ जीआईआर सं./PAN/GIR No.: AAYPC 5777 E अपीलार्थी / Appellant प्रत्यर्थी / Respondent आयकर अपील सं./ITA. No. 514/JP/2024 निर्धारण वर्ष / Assessment Year : 2017-18 ACIT, Central Circle, Alwar बनाम Shri Tarachand Gupta 9 Kesh

For Appellant: Sh. P. C. Parwal, C.AFor Respondent: Sh. Arvind Kumar, CIT-DR a
Section 143(3)Section 68Section 69C

circumstances of the case, the Ld. CIT(A) is justified in deleting the addition of Rs.65,02,600/- made on account of unexplained investment in cash loans on the ground that unaccounted receipts have been taxed earlier and the assesse had funds available for advance of Rs.65,02,600/- made ... total income of the assessee as per provisions of section 69C r.w.s. 115BBE of the Act. 4.6 The other addition of as unexplained investment for Rs. 31,65,500/- u/s. 69 was made and addition u/s. 56(2)(vii)(b)(ii) for Rs. 1,46,933/- was made which were

Sh. Tarachand Gupta, Alwar vs. ACIT, Central Circle, Alwar

In the result the appeal filed by the revenue in ITA no

ITA 449/JPR/2024[2017-18]Status: DisposedITAT Jaipur10 Mar 2025AY 2017-18

Bench: DR. S. SEETHALAKSHMI (Judicial Member), SHRI RATHOD KAMLESH JAYANTBHAI, AM आयकर अपील सं. / ITA. Nos.447 to 449/JP/2024 निर्धारण वर्ष / Assessment Years : 2015-16 to 2017-18 Shri Tarachand Gupta 9 Keshav Nagar Sch 13, Alwar बनाम Vs. ACIT, Central Circle, Alwar स्थायी लेखा सं./ जीआईआर सं./PAN/GIR No.: AAYPC 5777 E अपीलार्थी / Appellant प्रत्यर्थी / Respondent आयकर अपील सं./ITA. No. 514/JP/2024 निर्धारण वर्ष / Assessment Year : 2017-18 ACIT, Central Circle, Alwar बनाम Shri Tarachand Gupta 9 Ke

For Appellant: Sh. P. C. Parwal, C.AFor Respondent: Sh. Arvind Kumar, CIT-DR a
Section 143(3)Section 68Section 69C

circumstances of the case, the Ld. CIT(A) is justified in deleting the addition of Rs.65,02,600/- made on account of unexplained investment in cash loans on the ground that unaccounted receipts have been taxed earlier and the assesse had funds available for advance of Rs.65,02,600/- made ... total income of the assessee as per provisions of section 69C r.w.s. 115BBE of the Act. 4.6 The other addition of as unexplained investment for Rs. 31,65,500/- u/s. 69 was made and addition u/s. 56(2)(vii)(b)(ii) for Rs. 1,46,933/- was made which were

Hareshbhai Arjundas Gurbani, Jamnagar vs. The Income Tax Officer, WD 2(10), Jamnagar

ITA 611/RJT/2024[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Rajkot07 Mar 2025AY 2013-14

Bench: Dr. Arjun Lal Saini, Am. & Dinesh Mohan Sinha, Jm आयकरअपीलसं./Ita No.611/Rjt/2024 "नधा"रणवष" / Assessment Year: (2013-14) (Hybrid Hearing) Hareshbhai Arjundas Gurbani Aaykar Bhawan, Vs. 109/110 City Aarced, Nr Dsp Jamnagar Bunglow, Tin Batti, Jamnagar 361001 "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No.: Bqspg3832M (Appellant) (Respondent) Appellant By : Shri Suresh Tejwani, Ld. Ar Respondent By : Shri Abhimanyu Singh Yadav , Ld. Sr. (Dr) Date Of Hearing : 03/03 /2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 07/ 03/2025 आदेश / O R D E R Per Dinesh Mohan Sinha Jm;

For Appellant: Shri Suresh Tejwani, Ld. ARFor Respondent: Shri Abhimanyu Singh Yadav , Ld. Sr. (DR)
Section 139Section 139(1)Section 142(1)Section 144Section 148Section 69A

argument, I opined that there is no infirmity or illegality in initiating proceedings and making addition of Rs.10,56,500/- is treated as unexplained investment of appellant within the meaning of section 69A of the Act.” In the result, the appeal of the assessee is hereby dismissed. That the assessee ... order that no infirmity or illegally was found in the order of Ld AO and confirmed the action of the AO about the unexplained investment u/s 69A of the Act. We further note that during the course of assessment proceedings the Ld AO has issued notices