Union of India v. Azadi Bachao Andolan

263 ITR 706Supreme Court of India2003#79 most cited

What is Union of India v. Azadi Bachao Andolan authority for?

A citizen is free to carry on business within the law, and mere tax planning without a motive to evade taxes through colorable devices is not frowned upon. The liability to taxation, for the purpose of tax treaty application, is a legal situation, not the fiscal fact of actual payment.

691

judgments rely on this decision, according to BharatTax’s citation analysis of 367,154 Indian tax judgments — from 2008 to 2026.

Also referred to as

Union of India v. Azadi Bachao Andolan · section 90 · treaty benefits · tax planning · colourable devices · liability to taxation · payment of tax · Article 4 · tax treaty

Issues it is cited on

Judgments citing Union of India v. Azadi Bachao Andolan

ACIT, Central Circle-17, New Delhi vs. Metenare Global Ltd, New Delhi

ITA 5809/DEL/2017[2012-13]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi29 May 2025AY 2012-13

Bench: Sh. Satbeer Singh Godara & Sh. S. Rifaur Rahmanita No. 5245/Del/2018: Asstt. Year : 2010-11 Ita No. 5246/Del/2018 : Asstt. Year : 2011-12 Ita No. 8055/Del/2018 : Asstt. Year : 2012-13 Amar Devi Family Welfare Trust, Vs Acit, F-73, Preet Vihar, Central Circle-17, New Delhi-110092 New Delhi (Appellant) (Respondent) Pan No. Aaata4455B Ita No. 5811/Del/2017: Asstt. Year : 2013-14 Ita No. 5812/Del/2017 : Asstt. Year : 2014-15 Acit, Vs Amar Devi Family Welfare Trust, 1St Floor, B-18, Model Town Road, Central Circle-17, New Delhi Jalandhar, Punjab-144005 (Appellant) (Respondent) Pan No. Aaata4455B Ita No. 5809/Del/2017: Asstt. Year : 2012-13 Ita No. 5810/Del/2017 : Asstt. Year : 2013-14 Acit, Vs M/S Metenere Global Ltd., Central Circle-17, 138-139, Ghazipur, New Delhi Delhi-110096 (Appellant) (Respondent) Pan No. Aaacg0722E Assessee By : Sh. Pradip Dinodia, Adv. & Sh. R. K. Kapoor, Ca Revenue By : Sh. Jitender Singh, Cit-Dr Date Of Hearing: 20.05.2025 Date Of Pronouncement: 29.05.2025

For Appellant: Sh. Pradip Dinodia, Adv. &For Respondent: Sh. Jitender Singh, CIT-DR
Section 132Section 142(1)Section 143(2)Section 143(3)Section 153Section 153ASection 153B

…lights the fact that the indian tax authorities had made the above statutory reference for Financial Years 2009-10 to 2013- 14 in the assessee’s case. Faced with this situation, we wish to quote Union of India and Anr. Vs. Azadi Bachao Andolan and Anr. (2003) 263 ITR 706 (SC) and Linklaters LLP vs. ITO (2010) 9 ITR (Trib.) 217 (Mum) that tax treaties between two sovereigns could not be literally interpreted as literal meanings of the terms incorporated therein are not really conclusive factors in interpretation of a tax treaty which ought to be interpreted in “good faith” on the “basis of general expectation of t…

Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, Chennai vs. Cognizant Technology Solutions India Private Limited, Chennai

ITA 1262/CHNY/2024[2010-11]Status: DisposedITAT Chennai16 May 2025AY 2010-11

Bench: Shri Aby T Varkey, Hon'Ble & Shri S. R. Raghunatha, Hon'Bleआयकर अपील सं./Ita Nos.1193, 1194, 1205, 1206 & 1207/Chny/2024 (निर्धारण वर्ष / Assessment Years: 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-14 & 2014-15) Cognizant Technology Solutions Vs The Asst. Commissioner India Pvt. Ltd., Of Income Tax, No.5/535, Okkiam Thoraipakkam, Central Circle 1(1), Old Mahabalipuram Road, Chennai. Chennai - 600 096. (प्रत्यर्थी/Respondent) Pan: Aaacd 3312M (अपीलार्थी/Appellant) & आयकर अपील सं./Ita Nos.1262, 1263, 1264, 1265 & 1266/Chny/2024 (निर्धारण वर्ष / Assessment Years: 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-14 & 2014-15) The Asst. Commissioner Of Vs Cognizant Technology Income Tax, Solutions India Pvt. Ltd., Central Circle 1(1), No.5/535, Okkiam Chennai. Thoraipakkam, Old Mahabalipuram Road, Chennai - 600 096. Pan: Aaacd 3312M (अपीलार्थी/Appellant) (प्रत्यर्थी/Respondent) निधारिती की ओर से/Assessee By राजस्व की ओर से /Revenue By : Shri N.V. Balaji, Advocate : Shri R. Clement Ramesh Kumar, Cit & Ms. Anitha, Addl. Cit सुनवाई की तारीख/Date Of Hearing : 11.03.2025 घोषणा की तारीख/Date Of Pronouncement : 16.05.2025 - 2 -

For Respondent: Shri N.V. Balaji, Advocate
Section 10ASection 14ASection 40Section 9(1)

…yment is treated as royalty under the Act, the same may not still be subject to withholding tax under section 195 of the Act, if the said payment is not treated as royalty under the applicable DTAA. Reliance was placed on Union of India v Azadi Bachao Andolan 263 ITR 707 (SC) and various other decisions. - The payments made during the subject A.Y. are not taxable as royalty as the same relates to payment for the acquisition of a 'copyrighted article' and not the 'copyright' as such and hence, is not 'royalty' under the relevant DTAA. Reliance was placed on the Apex Court decision in the case of Engineering Analys…

Cognizant Technology Solutions India Private Limited, Chennai vs. The Assistant Commissioner of Income-Tax, Central Circle 1(1), Chennai

ITA 1207/CHNY/2024[2014-15]Status: DisposedITAT Chennai16 May 2025AY 2014-15

Bench: Shri Aby T Varkey, Hon’Ble & Shri S. R. Raghunatha, Hon’Bleआयकर अपील सं./Ita Nos.1193, 1194, 1205, 1206 & 1207/Chny/2024 ("नधा"रण वष" / Assessment Years: 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-14 & 2014-15) Vs Cognizant Technology Solutions The Asst. Commissioner India Pvt. Ltd., Of Income Tax, No.5/535, Okkiam Thoraipakkam, Central Circle 1(1), Old Mahabalipuram Road, Chennai. Chennai – 600 096. Pan : Aaacd 3312M (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""यथ"/Respondent) & आयकर अपील सं./Ita Nos.1262, 1263, 1264, 1265 & 1266/Chny/2024 ("नधा"रण वष" / Assessment Years: 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-14 & 2014-15) Vs The Asst. Commissioner Of Cognizant Technology Income Tax, Solutions India Pvt. Ltd., Central Circle 1(1), No.5/535, Okkiam Chennai. Thoraipakkam, Old Mahabalipuram Road, Chennai – 600 096. Pan : Aaacd 3312M (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""यथ"/Respondent)

For Appellant: Shri N.V. Balaji, AdvocateFor Respondent: Shri R. Clement Ramesh Kumar, CIT
Section 10ASection 14ASection 40Section 9(1)

…ent is treated as royalty under the Act, the same may not still be subject to withholding tax under section 195 of the Act, if the said payment is not treated as royalty under the applicable DTAA. Reliance was placed on Union of India v Azadi Bachao Andolan - 263 ITR 707 (SC) and various other decisions. - The payments made during the subject A.Y. are not taxable as royalty as the same relates to payment for the acquisition of a 'copyrighted article’ and not the 'copyright' as such and hence, is not ‘royalty’ under the relevant DTAA. Reliance was placed on the Apex Court decision in the case of Engineering Analy…

Cognizant Technology Solutions India Private Limited, Chennai vs. The Assistant Commissioner of Income-Tax, Central Circle 1(1), Chennai

ITA 1193/CHNY/2024[2010-11]Status: DisposedITAT Chennai16 May 2025AY 2010-11

Bench: Shri Aby T Varkey, Hon’Ble & Shri S. R. Raghunatha, Hon’Bleआयकर अपील सं./Ita Nos.1193, 1194, 1205, 1206 & 1207/Chny/2024 ("नधा"रण वष" / Assessment Years: 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-14 & 2014-15) Vs Cognizant Technology Solutions The Asst. Commissioner India Pvt. Ltd., Of Income Tax, No.5/535, Okkiam Thoraipakkam, Central Circle 1(1), Old Mahabalipuram Road, Chennai. Chennai – 600 096. Pan : Aaacd 3312M (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""यथ"/Respondent) & आयकर अपील सं./Ita Nos.1262, 1263, 1264, 1265 & 1266/Chny/2024 ("नधा"रण वष" / Assessment Years: 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-14 & 2014-15) Vs The Asst. Commissioner Of Cognizant Technology Income Tax, Solutions India Pvt. Ltd., Central Circle 1(1), No.5/535, Okkiam Chennai. Thoraipakkam, Old Mahabalipuram Road, Chennai – 600 096. Pan : Aaacd 3312M (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""यथ"/Respondent)

For Appellant: Shri N.V. Balaji, AdvocateFor Respondent: Shri R. Clement Ramesh Kumar, CIT
Section 10ASection 14ASection 40Section 9(1)

…ent is treated as royalty under the Act, the same may not still be subject to withholding tax under section 195 of the Act, if the said payment is not treated as royalty under the applicable DTAA. Reliance was placed on Union of India v Azadi Bachao Andolan - 263 ITR 707 (SC) and various other decisions. - The payments made during the subject A.Y. are not taxable as royalty as the same relates to payment for the acquisition of a 'copyrighted article’ and not the 'copyright' as such and hence, is not ‘royalty’ under the relevant DTAA. Reliance was placed on the Apex Court decision in the case of Engineering Analy…

Sridharan Venkatanarayanan, Secunderabad vs. DCIT., Circle- 12(1), Hyderabad

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is allowed

ITA 32/HYD/2025[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Hyderabad27 Mar 2025AY 2018-19

Bench: Shri Vijay Pal Rao, Vice-A N D Shri Manjunatha, G.आ.अपी.सं /Ita No.32/Hyd/2025 (िनधा"रण वष"/Assessment Year: 2018-19) Sri Sridharan Vs. Dy. Commissioner Of Venkatanarayanan Income Tax, Circle 12(1) Secunderabad Hyderabad Pan:Bgaps6316N (Appellant) (Respondent) िनधा""रती "ारा/Assessee By: C.A V. Balaji राज" व "ारा/Revenue By:: Dr. Sachin Kumar, Dr सुनवाई की तारीख/Date Of Hearing: 24/03/2025 घोषणा की तारीख/Pronouncement: 27/03/2025 आदेश/Order

For Appellant: C.A V. BalajiFor Respondent: : Dr. Sachin Kumar, DR
Section 119(2)(b)Section 139(1)Section 139(5)Section 143(1)Section 91

…of Mangalore Chemicals & Fertilizers Ltd. v. Deputy Commissioner 1992 (1) Supp SCC 21, Sambhaji v. Gangabai [2008] 17 SCC 117 and a lot many decisions of the Hon'ble Apex Court including the case in Union of India v. Azadi Bachao Andolan [2003] 132 Taxman 373/263 ITR 706 etc. and reached a conclusion that since Rule 128(9) of the Rules does not provide for disallowance of FTC in the case of delay in filing Form 67 and such filing within the time allowed for filing the return of income under section 139(1) of the Act is only directory, since DTAA over rides the Act, and the Rules cannot be contrary to the Act. 8.…

Il&Fs Rail Ltd., Gurgaon vs. DCIT, Gurgaon

In the result, appeals of the assesses are allowed, pro tanto

ITA 1288/DEL/2016[2011-12]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi17 Mar 2025AY 2011-12

Bench: Shri Vikas Awasthy & Shri Avdhesh Kumar Mishraआअसं.994/िद"ी/2025(िन.व. 2022-23) Kosi Aviation Leasing Ltd., C/O Dmd Advocates, 30, Nizamuddin East, New Delhi 110013 ...... अपीलाथ"/Appellant Pan : Aaick-6199-B बनाम Vs. Assistant Commissioner Of Income Tax, International Taxation, Circle 2(1)(2), Civic Centre, ....."ितवादी/Respondent Minto Road, New Delhi 110002 आअसं.1027/िद"ी/2025(िन.व. 2022-23) Hoohly Aviation Leasing Ltd., C/O Dmd Advocates, 30, Nizamuddin East, New Delhi 110013 ...... अपीलाथ"/Appellant Pan : Aafch-6609-C बनाम Vs. Assistant Commissioner Of Income Tax, International Taxation, Circle 2(1)(1), Civic Centre, ....."ितवादी/Respondent Minto Road, New Delhi 110002 आअसं.1070/िद"ी/2025(िन.व. 2022-23) Luni Aviation Leasing Ltd., C/O Dmd Advocates, 30, Nizamuddin East, New Delhi 110013 ...... अपीलाथ"/Appellant Pan : Aaecl-5180-H बनाम Vs. Assistant Commissioner Of Income Tax, International Taxation, Circle 2(2)(1), Civic Centre, ....."ितवादी/Respondent Minto Road, New Delhi 110002

…s are enforceable like municipal law, and are to be given equal weight by courts. 8. The ASG relied upon the decisions in Gramaphone Co. of India Ltd. v. Birendra Bahadur Pandey 1984 [2] SCR 664 and Union of India v. Azadi Bachao Andolan [2003] 132 Taxman 373/263 ITR 706/2003 (Supp 4) SCR 222 to urge that the position in India is entrenched that without enabling legislation, any convention or event flowing from a convention, as in creation of rights and liabilities of third parties to conventions or treaties, do not operate on their own, and needs an intervening action by the Union, giving effect to such obligati…

Suresh Kumar Vobbilisetty, Hyderabad vs. Income Tax Officer, International Taxation-2, Hyderabad

In the result, appeal filed by the assessee is allowed

ITA 1204/HYD/2024[2021-2022]Status: DisposedITAT Hyderabad07 Mar 2025AY 2021-2022

Bench: Shri Vijay Pal Rao, Vice-A N D Shri Madhusudan Sawdiaआ.अपी.सं /Ita No.1204/Hyd/2024 (िनधा"रण वष"/Assessment Year: 2021-22) Shri Suresh Kumar Vs. Income Tax Officer Vobbilisetty, (International Taxation)-2 Hyderabad Hyderabad Pan:Acgpv5441G (Appellant) (Respondent) िनधा""रती "ारा/Assessee By: Ca K Hemalatha राज" व "ारा/Revenue By:: Shri Kumar Aditya, Dr सुनवाई की तारीख/Date Of Hearing: 15/01/2025 घोषणा की तारीख/Pronouncement: 07/03/2025 आदेश/Order

For Appellant: CA K HemalathaFor Respondent: : Shri Kumar Aditya, DR
Section 139(1)Section 143(1)Section 91

…of Mangalore Chemicals & Fertilizers Ltd. v. Deputy Commissioner 1992 (1) Supp SCC 21, Sambhaji v. Gangabai [2008] 17 SCC 117 and a lot many decisions of the Hon'ble Apex Court including the case in Union of India v. Azadi Bachao Andolan [2003] 132 Taxman 373/263 ITR 706 etc. and reached a conclusion that since Rule 128(9) of the Rules does not provide for disallowance of FTC in the case of delay in filing Form 67 and such filing within the time allowed for filing the return of income under section 139(1) of the Act is only directory, since DTAA over rides the Act, and the Rules cannot be contrary to the Act. 8.…