CIT vs. NHK JAPAN BROADCASTING

+ % IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI lrA 168 0F 20L1 ITA 169 0F 20L1 ITA 188 0F 201L rTA 189 0F 2011 rrA 190 0F 20r.1 rrA 186 0F 2011 IUDGMENT RESERVED ON: 19.O4.2OL1 JUDGMENT DELIVERED ON : L1'5.2O11 (1) rrA 168 OF 2011 COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX Through : VERSUS (2) rrA 169 OF 2OL1 COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX Through : lrA168/201 l,lTA 169/20LL,lTA raal20Lr, rrA r.89/201r.,rrA 190/201 l,lTA 186/2011 . . . APPELLANT Rashmi Chopra, Ms. NHKJAPAN BROADCASTING CORPORATION ..RESPONDENT Through: Mr. Salil KaPoor, advocate with Mr. Sanat Kapoor, Advocate. Advocate. . . . APPELLANT Ms. Rashmi ChoPra, Advocate. . . . APPELLANT Ms. Rashmi Chopra, Advocate. VERSUS NHK JAPAN BROADCASTING CORPORATION ..RESPONDENT Through: Mr. Salil KaPoor, advocate with Mr. Sanat KaPoor, Advocate. (3) lrA r.88 OF zot t COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX Through : VERSUS Page 1 of 3 Digitally Signed By:AMULYA Certify that the digital file and physical file have been compared and the digital data is as per the physical file and no page is missing. Signature Not Verified

\ NHKJAeAN ed,onocAsrtNc coRPoRATloN ..RESPoNDENT Through: Mr. Salil Kapoor, advocate with Mr. Sanat Kapoor, Advocate. NHK JAPAN BROADCASTING CORPORATION .,RESPONDENT Through: Mr. Salil Kapoor, advocate with Mr. Sanat KaPoor, Advocate. (4) rrA 189 OF 2OL1 COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX ' Through : VERSUS (s) rrA 19o oF 201L COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX Through : (6) rrA 186 OF zor.t COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX Through : VERSUS rTA168/201 r.,lTA 169/201L,lTA 188/2011-, rrA r.89/2011,rrA 190/20r.l.,lTA 186/2011 . . . APPELLANT Ms. Rashmi Chopra, Advocate. . . . APPELLANT Ms. Rashmi Chopra, Advocate. VERSUS NHK JAPAN BROADCASTING CORPORATION ..RESPONDENT Through: Mr. Salil Kapoor, advocate with Mr. Sanat Kapoor, Advocate. Ms. Advocate. . . . APPELLANT Rashmi Chopra, NHKJAPAN BROADCASTING CORPORATION ..RESPONDENT Through: Mr. Salil KaPoor, advocate with Mr. Sanat KaPoor, Advocate, Page 2 of 3

CORAM :-. HON',BLE MR. JUSTICE A.K. SIKRI HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE M.L. MEHTA 1. Whether Reporters of Local newspapers may be allowed to see theJudgment? 2. To be referred to the Reporter or not? 3. Whether the Judgment should be reported in the Digest? A.K. StKRl, l. 1. For orders, see ITA 164 of 2011. @ (M.L. MEHTA) / JUDGE MAY lL, 2O1L skb tTA168/201 1,tTA 169/2011,t'rA lBB/2011, ITA 189/2011,tTA 190/2011,|TA L86l20rL ML (A.rc. SrKRr) Page 3 of 3

+ Llt lo tl7 IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NE:W DELHI rTA L64 0F 20r.L rrA r.68 0F 20L1 rTA 169 0F 201 1 tTA L88 0F 20r.1 tTA L89 0F 20L1 . rrA r.90 0F 20LL tTA r.86 0F 20LL % , "f UDGMENT RESERVED ON: L9.O4.2OLL J UDGMENT DELIVERED ONl.: LL.5.2OLL i^-: (1) rTA r.64 OF 2O1n COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX . Through : Ms. (2) rTA L68 OF 2Or.1 coMMrssroNER oF tNcoMi I"* (3) rTA L69 OF 2O1n COMMISSIONER OF TNCOME TAX Through : VERSUS . . . APPELLANT Rashmi Chopra, . " . APPELLANT Ms. Raslrmi Chopra, Advocate. . Advocate. VERSUS NHK JAPAN BROADCASTTNG CORPORATTON ..RESPONDENT ' Through: Mr. Salil Kapoor, advocate with Mr. Sanat Kapoor, Advocate. , . . APPELLANT Ms. Rashmi Chopra, Advocate. VERSUS NHK JAPAN BROADCASTTNG CORPORATTON ..RESpONDENT Through: Mr. Salil Kapoor, advocate with Mr. Sanat Kapoor, Advocate. ITA 1 64/20 1 1, tTA 168/201 1, tTA 169/201 l,|TA 188/201 1, tTA 189/2011,tTA 190/2011,tTA 186/2011 Page 1 of 13

NHKJAPAN BROADCASTTNG CORPORATTON ."RESPONDENT Through: Mr. Salil Kapoor, advocate with Mr. Sanat Kapoor, Advocate. (4) rTA r.88 OF 20LL COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX . . , APPELLANT , rhroush : Xi;"..[?shmi chopra' VERSUS NHK JAPAN BROADCASTTNG CORPORATTON ..RESpONDENT Through: Mr. Salil Kapoor, advocate ' with Mr. Sanat Kapoor, Advocate. . . . APPELLANT Ms. Rashmi Chopra, 'Advocate. VERSUS NHKJAPAN BROADCASTTNG CORPORATTON ..RESPONDENT Through: Mr. Salil Kapoor, advocate with Mr. Sanat Kapoor, Advocate. (6) rTA 19O OF 201L coMMrssroNER oF rN€offii I"t Ms. *urn#""i]^t$]J Advocate. VERSUS NHK JAPAN BROADCASTTNG CORPORATTON ..RESpONDENT (s) rTA r.89 OF 20.11 . COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX Through : Through: (7) rTA r.86 OF 2Or.1 COMMISSNONER OF INCOME TAX ITA 1 64/201 1, rTA 168/20 I L,tTA 1 69/201 1, tTA 188/201 1, ITA r. 89/2 0 r. r., rTA r. I 0/2 0 l. 1., tTA 1 I 6/2 0 L L Mr. Salil Kapoor, advocate with Mr. Sanat Kapoor, Advocate. . . . APPELLANT Page 2 of 13

Through : VERSUS Ms. Rashmi Chopra, Advocate. NHK JAPAN BROADCASTTNG CORPORATTON ..RESpONDENT Through: Mr. Salil Kapoor, advocate with Mr. Sanat Kapoor, Advocate. CORAM :- HON',BLE MR. JUSTTCE A.K. StKRt HON',BLE MR. JUSTTCE M.L. MEHTA 1. Whether Reporters of Local newspapers may be allowed to see the Judgment? 2. To be referred to the Reporter or not? 3. Whether the Judgment should be reported in the Digest? A.K. SIKRI, I. 1. The respondent assessee which is a Public Broadcasting Company of Japan (and, therefore, naturally a Non-Resident eompany) is treated as an assessee in default under the provisions of Section 201 and 201 (1) and 201 (1A) of the Income Tax Act (hereinafter referred to as 'the Act'). 2. Before we spell out the exact nature of default attributed to the assessee, we deem it apposite to recount the facts in brief. The respondent, NHK Japan is a government owned public broadcasting company of Japan having news buieaus in many countries including India. The respondent had deputed expatriate rTA I 64/20 1 1, tTA 168/201 1, ITA 169/201 1,ffA lBB/201 1, rTA L89/2011, rTA 1"90/2011,tTA 186/2011 Page 3 of 13

employees from Japan for working in its office in lndia. The expatriates were receiving sa.lary in India and a portion of salary and allowances in Japan. Under the law in Japan, citizens/nationals of Japan are liable to levy of an annual municipal Citizen Tax also referred to as lnhabitant tax which is charged on account of being an inhabitant of Japan. In case a Japanese citizen is rendering services in an employment in Japan or abroad on a transfer from Japan for which he receives any salary in Japan, the citizen tax for a year in which he was in Japan on the first day of January of that yegr is required to be withheld by his employer from such employee's salary income in Japan and paid directly to the concerned Municipality.. NHK, was accordingly, withholding and paying over to the conierned municipal authority in Japan, the citizen's tax levied under the Japanese law, from the salaries payable by it in Japan to its expatriate employees assigned by it to its news bureau in India. The citizen tax withheld from the salaries in accordance with the law in Japan was claimed to be excludible and deductible in the computation of salary income of the employees liable to tax in India. The AO ,passed order under Section 201 (1) and 201 (1,A) of the Act on 16th Decembe r, 1999 for the Financial year 1988-89 to 1998-99. The Ao did not accept the claims of deduction and 1 t'fA I64I20IL,tTA r.68/20Ll.,tTA 169/2011,tTA l.I8/201l-, tTA r.89/2011,tTA 1I0/20t t,tTA L86/20L1 Page 4 of L3

made additions by working out the difference of additional tax and interest taking into account (i) number of work days outside India (ii) Citizen tax and (iii) Housing norm. On appeal before the Commissioner of lncome Tax (Appeals) it was held that citizen tax is a statutory levy in Japan on Japanese citizens and that such tax constitutes an overriding,charge on the salary income and therefore the same had to be excluded in computation of taxable. income. On the issue of assessee being held to be in default uls 2OI (1) and 201 (1A) and housing norm deduction, the matter was decided against the assessee. The CIT (A) decided the appeals for 11 financial years i.e. FY 1988-89 to 1998-99 by way of a common order dated 30th March, 2001. Against the order of CIT (A), 11 appeals were filed by the assessee before the ITAT on the grounds of assessee being in default, housing norm deduction and . an additional ground regarding orders for FY 1988-89 to 1994-95 being barred by limitation. 11 appeals were filed by the Revenue before the ITAT on issue of citizen tax deduction. All appeals were decided by a common order dated 10th March, 2006. The appeals of the assessee were allowed and those of the Revenue were dismissed. Orders for FY 1988-89 to 1994-95 were held as invalid on the ground of limitation and for FY 1995-96 to 1998-99 assessee was ITA L 64/20 1 1, tTA 1 68/201 1,tTA 169/2 0 1 1, tTA 188/201 1, ITA r89/20r-r.,lTA 190/201 l,tTA 186/20r-r- Page 5 of 13 [,r

held not to be in default. The Tribunal upheld the Commissioner's order on citizen tax issue. The Revenue filed 22 appeals in this Court against the above mentioned orders of the lrAT, which were all dismissed. This Court vide orders dated 3Oth Marc h, 2OO7 on 11 appeals by the revenue on citizen tax issue dismissed the same basing its decision on the judgment of the Supreme Court in the case of CIT Vs. sitaldas Tirathdas [1961] 4r lrR 367. Vide a separate orders dated 23'd April, 2008, other 11 appeals filed by the Revenue on the issue of order under Section 201 (1) and 201 (1A) were dismissed on the ground that action was barred by limitation. The Revenue went in appeal before the Supreme Court in two batches. In. the 1'.t batch, it agitated the citizen tax issue and in the 2nd batch, it challenged the issue of limitation. The supreme Court vide orders dated 16th March, 2OOB in the l't batch of appeals directed the Tribunal to consider the matter afresh in accordance with law as regard citizbn tax issue. lt would be pertinent to quote the exact direction given by the supreme court in the aforesaid order as much turns on those directions:- "Without going into the merits of the case, suftice it to state that in the present case, in our view, the Commissioner (Appeals) ought to have examined the scope of the Japanese I\ ? rTA 1 64/2 0 l- 1, tTA l. 6 8/2 0 l. 1., tTA 1 6 9/2 0 1 L, tTA L 8 8/2 0 l. L, rTA 189/2011,tTA 190/20t 1,tTA 186/2011 Page 6 of 13

law, namely, Citizens lndividual Inhabitant Tax Act. ln the letter of appointment issued, there is a reference to the words. The relevant Clause reads as under: "Tour emoluments shall be subject tb deduction of taxes as per applicable laws and the tax liability on host country (lndia) shall be borne by N H K-'Ja panBroadcasting Corporation. " Analysing the said Clause one finds that the emoluments paid by the assessee was subject to deduction of tax as per applicable laws. Therefore, in our view, Commissioner (Appeals) ought to have examined the provisions of Citizens Individual lnhabitant Tax Act which is a Japanese law and it ought to have analysed the provisions of that law, particularly, when it was required to decide the question as to nature of the levy being an overriding charge on the salary income, as stated hereinabove. The controversy in the present case is that citizens tax is a statutory levy in Japan on the Japanese citizens constituting an overriding charge. lf it is an overriding ' charge then of course the Commissioner (Appeals) was right in saying that it would not be an income. However, in our view, since the provisions of the Act have not been examined, the matter needs to be considered afresh by the Tribunal. Accordingly, we remit the matter to the Tribunal for fresh consideration in accordance with law. We express no opinion on the merits 14/ 'o t of the case." It is clear from the above that view that issue at hand could not the Supreme Court was of the be decided without going into the specific provisions contained in Citizens Individual Inhabitant Tax Act (hereinafter referred to as 'the Citizens Tax Act,) of Japan tTA r. 64/20 L L, tTA L 68/20 l, L,tTA I 69/20 1 1, tTA re g/2o u, ITA 189/2011,tTA 190/2011,1TA 186/2011 Page 7 of 13

and analyzing those provisions. since the scope of aforesaid Japanese law Was not examined, the Supreme Court remitted the case back to the Tribunal for fresh consideration "in accordance with law" and to ascertain from the provisions of the citizens Tax Act as to whether the statutory levy in Japan constituted an overriding charge. The Supreme Court made it clear that if it was an overriding charge, then it would not be an income. 3. when the matter reached back to Tribunal, the parties were directed to place on record copy of the aforesaid citizens Tax Act duly translated into English vide orders dated 16rh March, 2009. The counsel for the assessee filed the copy of the aforesaid Act alongwith its English translation but did not.take the responsibility with respect to the authenticity of its English translation. ln such a situation, the order dated 9th December, 2009 was passed by the Tribunal directing the Departmental Representative of the Revenue to place on record the copies of the provisions translated into English. Even after seeking adjournments, the Revenue failed to file the translated copy of the relevant provisions of the said Act, This posed a dilemma in the minds of the Tribunar. on the one hand, there was a direction given by the supreme court to decide the issue with reference to the provisions of the citizens tr A t64 tzorL,tTA 168/20 1 L,tTA 169/2 0 I 1,tTA 1 88/201 1, rTA 189/201r,tTA 190/2011,tTA 186/2011 Page 8 of 13 l1 t

Tax Act and on the other hand, the Tribunal felt helpless as it was unable to proceed unless the authenticated copy of the English translation version of the said Act was produced before it. The Tribunal was conscious of the directions given by the Supreme Court which is specifically taken note in para B of the impugned order. However, two reasons prevailed in the mind of the Tribunal which led to passing of the impugned order dismissing the appeal of the Revenue namely: (i) As already pointed out above, the department failed to place on record the English version of the Citizens Tax Act in the absence of which it became impossible for the Tribunal to decide the issue. (ii) Another aspect which heavily weigh with the Tribunal was the subsequent decision of the Supreme Court itself whereby it had upheld the quashing of the orders passed under Section 201 (1) and 201(14) of the Act. From this, the Tribunal concluded that it would be a futile exercise to determine the - issue namely whether the Citizens Tax Act had an overriding charge over the salary income of the assessee or not. 4, In so far as first reason given by the Tribunal is concerned, no doubt, the Tribunal felt helpless to determine the issue as per direction of the Supreme court for no fault of its own. Normally, in such a situation, it could have asked the other party namely the assessee to approach the supreme court for variations of the 111 ITA 164/201.1,tTA 168/20l.L,tTA 169/201l,tTA 188/201L, rTA 189/20r-r.,rTA 190/201-l-,tTA 186/2011 Page 9 of 13

directions given by the Supreme Court in its order dated 16th March, 2009 inasmuch as, the Tribunal is bound to carry out such directions. However, if the second ground given by the Tribunal has merit, there may not be any fault with the impugned order passed by the Tribunal, therefore, we proceed to examine the veracity of the second ground taken by the Tribunal. 5. As pointed out above, there were two batches of appeals ,before the Supreme Court. l't batch was concerned with the Citizens Tax Act in which directions dated 16th March, 2009 were passed by the Supreme Court, as noted above. The 2nd batch of appeals was concerned with the issue of limitation. As noted above, the orders in respect of financial year 1988-Bg to 1994-95 were held, to be invalid on the ground of limitation by the Tribunal which order was upheld by. this court and special Leave petition was filed against that order. This batch of appeals was still pending. 6. In the meantime, the question of non-deduction of tax at source on overseas payments to expatriate employees came up for consideration before the Supreme Court in the case of Commissioner of Income Tax Vs. Eli Lilly & Co. Pvt. Ltd. , rTA 164/20r.1,rTA 168/201r,tTA r.69/20r-1,rTA 188/2011, rTA 189/201l,rTA rgO/ZOrr,trn 186/2011 Page 10 of 13

(2009) 372 ITR 22. These cases included the appeal pertaining to the present assessee also. When the 2nd batch of appeals came up for hearing before the Supreme Court, going by the aforesaid orders dated 25th March, 2009 in EIi Lilly & Ca, (supra), the Supreme Court passed the following orders dated 2Oth January, 2010:- "Delay condoned. . Leave granted. The following substantial question of law arises for consideration in this batch of civil appeals:- "Whether the lncome Tax Appellate Tribunal was correct in law in holding that the orders passed under Sections 2OL(1) and 201(1A) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 are invalid and barred by time having been passed beyond a reasonable period." Having heard learned counsel on both sides, we . are of the view that, on the facts and circumstances of these cases, the question on the point of limitation formulated by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal in the present cases need not be gone into for the simple reason tlrat, at the relevant time, there was a debate on tlre question as to whether TDS was deductible under the Income Tax Act, 1961, on foreign salary payment as a component of the total salary paid to an expatriate working in lndia? This controversy came to an end vide judgment of this Court in the case of Commissioner of lncome Tax Vs. Eli Lilly & Co. (lndia) Pvt. Ltd., reported in (2009) 3L2 ITR 2235. The question on limitation has become academic in these cases because, even assuming that the Depaftment is right on the t6 tTA 1 64/20 1 1, tTA 168/20r. 1, ITA 169/20 l1,tTA 188/20 I 1, rTA r-89/2011,rTA 190/2011,rTA 186/20r.1 Page 11 of 13

issue of limitation still the question would arise whether on such debatable points, the assessee (s) could be declared as assesseegs) in default under Serction L92 read with Section 2OL of the Income Tax Act, L96L. Further, we are informed that the assessee have paid the differential tax. They have paid the interest and they further undertake not to claim refund for the amounts paid. Before concluding, we may also btate that, in Eli Lilly & co. (lndia) Pvt. Ltd. (supra) vide paragraph 2L, this Court has clarified that the law laid down in the said case was only applicable to the provisions of Section 192 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, Leaving the question of law open on limitation, ' these civil appeals filed by the Department are disposed of with no order as to costs." It is.thus clear that the same Bench of the Supreme Court which issued direction on 16th March, 20.09 passed the aforesaid order making .it emphatically clear that evell the issue of limitation had become academic as the assessee could not be declared as assessee in default under Section 1.92 read with Section 201 of the Act. The fallout of the aforesaid order dated 20th J.anuary, 2010 is that the Supreme'Court has held that the aSSeSSee fOr the assessment years in question, callnot be treated as assessee in default. The consequence would be to quash the proceeding initiated by the AO treating the assessee to be in default under Section 201 (1) and 201 (1A) of the Act. tTA 1 64/20 1 L, tTA 168/20r- r-,rTA 169/201 1,1rA 1 88/20 1 1, rTA r.89/20r-r.,lTA 190/201r.,1TA 186/2011 Page 12 of 13 t? l fi;