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Facts
The assessee filed two appeals (ITA Nos. 182 & 183/RPR/2025) for AY 2013-14, which were time-barred by 559 and 407 days, respectively. The CIT(Appeals)/NFAC had dismissed both appeals ex-parte due to non-compliance by the assessee after several hearing notices. The assessee explained the delay was due to the passing of her husband and lack of awareness of the appeals. The original assessment involved disallowances/additions for various expenses and non-deduction of TDS.
Held
The Tribunal condoned the delay, applying a liberal approach and considering the reasons for delay as 'Vis major'. Emphasizing principles of natural justice and the right to be heard, the Tribunal remanded both appeals back to the CIT(Appeals)/NFAC for fresh de novo adjudication on merits, providing the assessee a final opportunity to represent her case. Both appeals were allowed for statistical purposes.
Key Issues
Whether the delay in filing appeals should be condoned given the circumstances; and whether the matter, dismissed ex-parte by the CIT(Appeals), should be remanded for fresh adjudication on merits based on principles of natural justice.
Sections Cited
Income Tax Act, 1961, Section 250(4), Income Tax Act, 1961, Section 250(6), Limitation Act, 1963, Section 5, Income Tax Act, 1922, Section 33(4), Constitution of India, Article 14
AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below
Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, RAIPUR BENCH, RAIPUR
Before: SHRI PARTHA SARATHI CHAUDHURY & SHRI ARUN KHODPIA
आदेश / ORDER
PER PARTHA SARATHI CHAUDHURY, JM:
The captioned appeals preferred by the assessee emanates from the respective orders of the Ld.CIT(Appeals)/NFAC, Delhi dated 27.07.2023 & 20.12.2023 for the assessment year 2013-14 as per the grounds of appeal on record.
At the very outset, we noted that the captioned appeals are time barred by 559 & 407 days, respectively. Elaborating the reasons leading to the impugned delays, the assessee has filed condonation applications a/w. affidavits in both these appeals which are similarly worded. For the sake of clarity, the Paras 4, 5 & 6 of the said condonation application are culled out as follows: “4. That, I had been living separately from my husband since 2018 and unfortunately my husband expired on 27/01/2023. Copy of death certificate is enclosed. 5. That, I did not know about both the appeals. I told my brother Sujit Kumar Sahu about this facts. 6. That, my brother contacted one chartered accountant Sri Lalit Jain, Raipur and then that CA had informed him that both the appeals were dismissed, one on 27/07/2023 and another on 20/12/2023.”
On a perusal of the condonation applications a/w. affidavits in respect of both these appeals, we are of the considered view that the reasons for delay involved in the captioned appeals are purely “Vis major”. That at the 3 Smt. Yogita Devi Sahu Vs. ITO, Ward-1(1), Raipur & 183/RPR/2025 same time in the issue of delay a liberal and judicious approach must be adopted also as has been held by the Hon’ble Apex Court in a recent judgement. The Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Vidya Shankar Jaiswal Vs. ITO, Ward-2, Ambikapur, Civil Appeal Nos……………../2025 [Special Leave Petition (Civil) Nos. 26310-26311/2024, dated 31.01.2025, had observed that a justice oriented and liberal approach ought to be adopted while considering the aspect of condoning the delay involved in filing of the appeal. Also, the Hon’ble High Court of Chhattisgarh in the case of Jagdish Prasad Singhania Vs. Additional Commissioner of Income Tax (TDS), Raipur (C.G.), TAX Case No.17/2025, dated 24.02.2025, after relying on the judgment of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Vidya Shankar Jaiswal Vs. ITO, Ward-2, Ambikapur (supra) had held that a justice oriented and liberal approach be adopted while considering the application filed by the assessee for condonation of delay.
That in the recent judgment of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the 3. case of Inder Singh Vs. the State of Madhya Pradesh, Civil Appeal No…………/2025, Special Leave Petition (Civil) No.6145 of 2024, dated 21st March, 2025, the Hon’ble Apex Court while interpreting Section 5 of the Limitation Act, 1963 regarding the condonation of delay in respect of case of land acquisition has observed and held on the aspect of delay that although the delay cannot be condoned without sufficient cause, the 4 Smt. Yogita Devi Sahu Vs. ITO, Ward-1(1), Raipur & 183/RPR/2025 merits of the case could not be discarded solely on the ground of delay. A liberal approach, therefore, should be taken in condoning the delay when limitation ground undermines the merits of the case and obstructs the substantial justice. In other words, the objective of the court should be to deliver substantial justice coupled with liberal and judicious approach while deciding the issue of limitation and whenever it is found that the case has merits which needs to be addressed substantially, in such case, the delay should be condoned. Accordingly, the said delay of 559 and 407 days, respectively involved in the captioned appeals are condoned.
We shall first take up the appeal filed by the assessee in for A.Y.2013-14 for adjudication. At the time of hearing, none appeared on behalf of the assessee. However, adjournment applications are filed which are rejected and the appeals are heard after recording the submissions of the Ld. Sr. DR.
It is noted from the assessment order that there is disallowance of Rs.21,78,030/- towards telephone & mobile expenses, travelling expenses and vehicle expenses. Since no evidence has been filed by the assessee, the A.O considered that the personal expenses cannot be ruled out and accordingly, added 1/4th of the expenses in order to prevent a possible leakage of revenue. Similarly, there were expenses of Rs.48,77,200/- incurred on incentive expenses. The A.O added 1/4th of the said expenses
5 Smt. Yogita Devi Sahu Vs. ITO, Ward-1(1), Raipur & 183/RPR/2025 in order to prevent a possible leakage of revenue. Also, the assessee had claimed an expenditure of Rs.16,32,540/- on meeting and conference expenses. The decision of the A.O primarily on facts that since no evidence were filed by the assessee, therefore, in order to prevent possible leakage of the revenue added 1/4th of the said expenses.
At the very outset, it is noted that as per Para 4 of the impugned order, the Ld.CIT(Appeals)/NFAC vide an ex-parte order had dismissed the appeal of the assessee due to non-compliance by the assessee. For the sake of clarity, Para 4 of the Ld.CIT(Appeals)’s/NFAC order is culled out as follows: “4. In response to the various notices issued u/s.250 of the Act, the appellant has expressed his reluctance in submitting written arguments which indicates that the appellant is not interested in pursuing the appeal before the appellate authority. The Details of such notices issued are given as below:
As on date of finalizing the appeal, the appellant has not made any response nor did file any submission.”
6 Smt. Yogita Devi Sahu Vs. ITO, Ward-1(1), Raipur & 183/RPR/2025
The Ld. Sr. DR has fairly conceded that the matter may be adjudicated denovo on merits before the first appellate authority providing one final opportunity to the assessee.
We have carefully considered the contents in the documents/material available on record. As per the aforesaid examination of the entire spectrum of the matter in the interest of natural justice, we deem it fit and proper to provide one final opportunity to the assessee to represent her case on merits before the Ld.CIT(Appeals)/NFAC.
At this stage, we herein observe that the ITAT, “Division Bench”, Raipur in the cases of Brajesh Singh Bhadoria Vs. Dy./ACIT, Central Circle-2, Naya Raipur, IT(SS)A Nos.1 to 6, 8 & 9/RPR/2025, dated 20.03.2025 had dealt with similar issue on the same parameters of ex- parte order passed by the Ld.CIT(Appeals)/NFAC and remanded the matter back to the file of the Ld.CIT(Appeals)/NFAC observing as follows:
“7. We have considered the submissions of the parties herein and analyzed the facts and circumstances involved in all the captioned appeals. After careful perusal of the documents on record, we find that the assessee had assailed the legal ground as aforestated, however, the fact of the matter is that on perusal of the respective orders of the Ld. CIT(Appeals) for all the years before us, it is also evident from Para 3 that there has been no compliance by the assessee before the said authority and as such, an ex-parte order was passed for the concerned years in appeal. Admittedly, as per record, sufficient opportunities had been provided to the assesse, however, there was no compliance by the assessee. In effect, rights and liabilities of the parties herein are yet to be adjudicated substantially at the level of the first appellate authority.
7 Smt. Yogita Devi Sahu Vs. ITO, Ward-1(1), Raipur & 183/RPR/2025
Though in the impugned orders, discussion has been done as per material available on record by the Ld.CIT(Appeals) but they are only Form 35, statement of facts, grounds of appeal and the assessment order. However, due to non-compliance by the assessee, there are no submissions, evidence and documents submitted for adjudication by the assessee before the Ld. CIT(Appeals). That as per Para 3 of the Ld. CIT(Appeals) order, there has been no compliance on the part of the assessee for submitting detailed explanations regarding the grounds of appeal for the years under consideration which clearly shows that the grounds of appeal raised before the first appellate authority has not been substantiated on merits through corroborative evidence /submissions.
8. That in such scenario we are of the considered view that the Income tax Act is within the ambit of welfare legislation which are completely different from that of the penal legislation, therefore, benefit of doubt whenever arises, it has to be interpreted in favour of the assessee tax payer within the parameters of law and facts. There may be circumstances beyond control of the assessee because of which, the assessee may not have been able to represent his case on the given dates of hearing before the Ld. CIT(Appeals). Though it is correct that there was no compliance from the side of the assessee, however, nothing is there on record which suggests any deliberate non-compliance or malafide conduct of the assessee. That further, if one final opportunity is provided to the assessee to represent his case before the first appellate authority, the position of the revenue will also not be jeopardized. Recently, the Hon’ble High Court of Bombay in the 9. Vijay Shrinivasrao Kulkarni Vs. Income-tax case of Appellate Tribunal (2025) 171 taxmann.com 696 (Bom.), dated 04.02.2025 observed that in the case the Assessing Officer had passed an ex-parte order and when the matter went on appeal before the Ld. CIT(Appeals)/NFAC, it had also dismissed the matter ex-parte due to non-compliance by the assessee’s authorized representative, when the matter came up before the ITAT, it had failed to address the infirmity regarding the fact that the assessee was not afforded proper opportunity of being heard and the matter was dismissed ex-parte by the Ld. CIT(Appeals)/NFAC which amounted to violation of principles of natural justice, and instead ITAT decided the case on merits, in such circumstances, the Hon’ble High Court of Bombay held that passing of an order on merits by the ITAT even when the impugned order was passed ex-parte amounts to violation of principles of natural justice and accordingly, the 8 Smt. Yogita Devi Sahu Vs. ITO, Ward-1(1), Raipur & 183/RPR/2025 said matter was remanded to ITAT for passing a fresh order in accordance with law after hearing the parties. The legal principle as enshrined in the present judgment is crystal clear that the principles of natural justice i.e. the right to be heard is to be provided and accordingly, the matter had to be substantially adjudicated by the appellate authority. Therefore, if the impugned order of the Ld. CIT(Appeals)/NFAC is an ex- parte order, the only recourse in conformity with the aforesaid judicial pronouncement is to remand the matter back to the file of the Ld. CIT(Appeals)/NFAC for fresh adjudication in terms with the principles of natural justice providing one final opportunity to the assessee.
10. In the aforesaid case, the Hon’ble High Court of Bombay had referred to a judgment of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Delhi Transport Corporation vs. DTC Mazdoor Union AIR 1999 SC 564, wherein the Supreme Court inter-alia held that Article 14 guarantees a right of hearing to a person who is adversely affected by an administrative order. The principle of audi-alteram partem is a part of Article 14 of the Constitution of India. In light of such decision, the petitioner ought to have been granted an opportunity of being heard which, partakes the characteristic of the fundamental right under Article 14 of the Constitution of India.
The Hon’ble High Court of Bombay in the aforesaid case had referred to a decision of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Commissioner of Income Tax Madras v. Chenniyappa Mudiliar 1969 1 SCC 591, wherein the Supreme Court in interpreting the section 33(4) of the Income Tax Act, 1922 has held that the appellate tribunal was bound to give a proper decision on question of fact as well as law, which can only be done if the appeal is disposed off on merits and not dismissed owing to the absence of the appellant. Reverting to the facts of the present case the grounds of appeal
were simply filed before the Ld.CIT(Appeals) they were not substantiated or corroborated through submissions and filing of documentary evidences since the assessee had not complied before the Ld.CIT(Appeals) on the dates of hearing. Therefore, as per framework of the Act there must be adjudication on merits by the first appellate authority and one final opportunity be provided to the assessee to represent his matter on merits in the interest of natural justice.
12. There may even be a situation where the Ld. Counsel for the assessee may assail a legal ground before the Tribunal following the decision of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case
9 Smt. Yogita Devi Sahu Vs. ITO, Ward-1(1), Raipur & 183/RPR/2025 of National Thermal Power Company Ltd. Ltd. Vs. CIT (1998) 229 ITR 383 (SC) with a contention that irrespective of the order of the Ld. CIT(Appeals) being ex-parte, the Tribunal may decide the legal issue that has been raised by the Ld. Counsel. In our view, the decision of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of National Thermal Power Company Ltd. Ltd. Vs. CIT (supra) provides that any legal issue which goes to the root of the matter and is established through legal principles, the assessee can take up and raise such legal issue at any appellate forum irrespective of whether the assessee had raised such legal issue at the sub-ordinate level or not, however, it always depends on facts and circumstances of each case whether the Tribunal would decide the legal ground or in a case where the question is of natural justice and ex-parte order by the Ld. CIT(Appeals) the Tribunal would remand it back to Ld.CIT(Appeals) providing final opportunity to a bonafide assessee. The Tribunal as the highest fact finding authority must be certain enough that the impugned order before it has been passed on merits and is a speaking order where the assessee has also complied during the process of litigation. In case, where the order of the Ld. CIT(Appeals) itself is ex-parte and some legal ground is raised and if the Tribunal decides such legal ground where in fact principles of natural justice is left unanswered due to the fact that the impugned order before the Tribunal is ex-parte and there was no compliance by the assessee in such scenario the Tribunal would also be usurping the power of the Ld. CIT(Appeals) which is also a statutory authority as per the Act. This is due to the reason that as per framework of the Act, Ld.CIT(Appeals) is the first appellate authority where an appeal by assessee it would be substantially decided through a speaking order by the Ld.CIT(Appeals). When this part is over and either party is aggrieved second appeal lies before the ITAT. Now if for every ex-parte order passed by the Ld. CIT(Appeals), of course due to non-compliance by the assessee, if the Tribunal adjudicates a legal ground, for instance validity of assessment or reassessment order and answers it in favour of the assessee then it would create an easy route for assessee getting redressal from Tribunal even without bothering to comply with hearing notices before the Ld. CIT(Appeals). This would dismantle the structure of the Act which is definitely not the intention of the legislature. Here in this situation, where the benefit of doubt is given to the assessee since he had not complied with the hearing notices before the Ld. CIT(Appeals) which resulted in passing of an ex-parte order by the Ld. CIT(Appeals), in such scenario, as per the scheme of the Act and following the principles of natural justice, the only course
10 Smt. Yogita Devi Sahu Vs. ITO, Ward-1(1), Raipur & 183/RPR/2025 of action is to remand the matter back to the file of the Ld. CIT(Appeals) for adjudication on merits providing one final opportunity to the assessee.
In view thereof, we set aside the respective orders of the Ld. CIT(Appeals) for all the years and remand the same to their file for denovo adjudication on merits. At the same time, we direct the assessee that this being the final opportunity, there must be compliance on merits before the first appellate authority. Needless to say, the Ld. CIT(Appeals) shall provide reasonable opportunity of being heard to the assessee and pass an order in terms of Section 250(4) and (6) of the Act within three months from receipt of this order.”
Respectfully following the aforesaid order, we set-aside the order of the Ld. CIT(Appeals)/NFAC and remand the matter back to its file for denovo adjudication while complying with the principles of natural justice as per similar terms. At the same time, it is directed that this being the final opportunity, the assessee shall duly comply with the hearing notices from the Ld. CIT(Appeals)/NFAC.
11. As per the aforesaid terms, the grounds of appeal raised by the assessee stands allowed for statistical purposes.
In the result, appeal of the assessee in for A.Y.2013-14 is allowed for statistical purposes.
13. The brief facts in this case are that as per the assessment order, the A.O had made two additions, viz. (i) addition of Rs.88,615/- on account of 11 Smt. Yogita Devi Sahu Vs. ITO, Ward-1(1), Raipur & 183/RPR/2025 interest paid to Cholamandalam NBFC; and (ii) addition of Rs.16,32,540/- on account of non-deduction of TDS.
It is noted that as per Para 4 of the impugned order, the Ld.CIT(Appeals)/NFAC vide an ex-parte order had dismissed the appeal of the assessee due to non-compliance by the assessee. For the sake of clarity, Para 4 of the Ld.CIT(Appeals)’s/NFAC order is culled out as follows:
“04. In response to the various notices issued u/s.250 of the Act, the appellant has expressed his reluctance in submitting written arguments which indicates that the appellant is not interested in pursuing the appeal before the appellate authority. The Details of such notices issued are given as below: Sr. Date of hearing Mode of service Remarks No. 1. 21.01.2021 Serve by No response ITBA/email 2. 07.12.2021 Serve by No response ITBA/email 3. 15.12.2021 Serve by No response ITBA/email 4. 08.02.2022 Serve by No response ITBA/email 5. 05.12.2023 Serve by No response ITBA/email 6. 15.12.2023 Serve by No response ITBA/email As on date of finalizing the appeal, the appellant has not made any response nor did file any submission.”
As the facts involved in the present appeal remains the same as were there before us in for A.Y.2013-14 so far as that in both the appeals an ex-parte order was passed by the Ld. CIT(Appeals)/NFAC, therefore, our decision rendered in ITA No.
12 Smt. Yogita Devi Sahu Vs. ITO, Ward-1(1), Raipur & 183/RPR/2025
As per the aforesaid terms, the grounds of appeal raised by the assessee stands allowed for statistical purposes.
Resultantly, both the appeals of the assessee are allowed for statistical purposes.
Order pronounced in the open court on 21st May, 2025.