TRAVELPORT GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM BV,NETHERLANDS vs. DCIT, CIRCLE- 3(1)(1), INTERNATIONAL TAXATION, NEW DELHI

The Composite order deals with the following appeals filed by the revenue as well as the assessee. AY Appeal No. (against Appeal No. (against final order) rectified order) 2007-08 5601/Del/2010 - 2008-09 426/Del/2012 3032/Del/2016 2009-10 357/Del/2013 3033/Del/2016 2010-11 746/Del/2014 3034/Del/2016 2011-12 2101/Del/201 - 2012-13 6162/Del/2015 - CO 1/Del/2021 2014-15 6515/Del/2017 -

5 426/Del/2012 ITA Nos.357/Del/2013, 746/Del/2014 ITA Nos.2101 & 6162/Del/2015 CO No. 01/Del/2 ITA Nos. 3032, 3033 & 3034/Del/2016 Travelport Global Distribution System BV

a) The ability to display flight schedule and seat availability b) The ability to display and/or quote airline fare c) The ability to make airline seat reservation d) The ability to issue airline tickets, etc.

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History of Assessee and its predecessor entities i.e. GII and TGDSBV

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India Specific Profitability statement for AY 2007-08 to AY 2012-13 and AY 2014-15 (Amounts in USD)

Description 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2014-15 Booking Fees (A) 55,029,465 70,035,529 66,511,669 75,676,788 79,826,594 77,519,539 67,339,472 Less: Subscriber / 37,136,627 47,658,043 45,981,980 51,036,204 58,011,833 56,922,872 49,691,247 Distribution fees or Commission 3,180,261 2,801,139 2,871,024 7,745,3141 Less: IBM Service fee 1,845,674 2,908,608 6,311,271 India Specific Profitability statement for AY 2007-08 to AY 2012-13 and AY 2014-15 (Amounts in USD) Description A.Y. 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2014-15 Less: Core licence 3,249,999 2,906,229 2,591,673 2,919,311 3,122,012 Less: Royalty fees 12,030,725 14,818,090 19,810,463 20,061,605 21,579,830 15,593,965 14,965,612 Less : Vendor costs 618,260 41 1,486 117,901 112,575 86,719 119,71.8 145,258 Total expenses (B) 54,881,285 68,702,456 71,682,279 76,930,834 85,671,418 80,381,869 71,113,388 (Loss) (A) - (B) 148,180 1,333,073 (5,170,610) (1,254,046) (5,844,824) (2,862,330) (3,773,916)

2. Related to excessive attribution to alleged PE of the company in India. 3. Related to allowability of distribution expenses. 4. Related to allowability of other expenses.

8 426/Del/2012 ITA Nos.357/Del/2013, 746/Del/2014 ITA Nos.2101 & 6162/Del/2015 CO No. 01/Del/2 ITA Nos. 3032, 3033 & 3034/Del/2016 Travelport Global Distribution System BV Adjudication On the issue of Business Connection and Permanent Establishment:

“Ground No. 4 and 5 are related to Assessee's Business Connection PBO and Permanent Establishment (‘PE’) in India

22. Ground No.4 and 5 are covered against the Appellant by the decisions of Hon'ble Delhi ITAT and Hon'ble Delhi High Court in case of Appellant's predecessor entity i.e. GII and TGDSBV.

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"17.1 In the present case it is seen that the CRS, which is the source of revenue is partially existent in the machines namely various computers installed at the premises of the subscribers. In some cases, the appellant itself has placed those computers and in all the cases the connectivity in the form of nodes leased from SITA are installed by the appellant through its agent. The computers so connected and configured which can perform the function of reservation and ticketing is a part and parcel of the entire CRS. The computers so installed require further approval from appellant/Interglobe who allows the use of such computers for reservation and ticketing. Without the authority of appellant such computers are not capable of performing the reservation and ticketing part of the CRS system. The computer so installed cannot be shifted from one place to another even within the premises of the subscriber, leave apart the shifting of such computer from one person to another. Thus, the appellant exercises complete control over the computers installed at the premises of the subscribers. In view of our discussion in the immediately preceding paragraph, this amounts to a fixed place of business for carrying on the business of the enterprise in India. But for the supply of computers, the configuration of computers and connectivity which are provided by the appellant either directly or through its agent Interglobe will amount to operating part of its CRS system through such subscribers in India and accordingly PE in the nature of a fixed place of business in India. Thus the appellant can be said to have established a PE within the meaning of paragraph 1 of Article 5 of Indo-Spain Treaty."

"17.4 …………………..The dependent agent is not to be considered as PE unless he has authority to conclude contract on behalf of such enterprise.

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The authority to conclude contracts must be in respect of contracts relating to operations, which constitute the business proper of the enterprise. The appellant in the present case in order to enhance its business operations has appointed Interglobe as its agent who promote the 'Galileo System' in India. Interglobe in its turn has appointed various subscribers for use of 'Galileo System'. Though the revenue flows only from participants who have entered into PGA with the appellant, yet the revenue could not have been generated but for the subscribers using the 'Galileo System'. In a way the revenue is generated from the participants but only on the basis of use of CRS by the subscribers. But for such use no revenue would accrue to the appellant. Thus the agreements entered into by the Interglobe with the subscribers under an authority granted to it, are contracts relating to operations which constitute business proper and not merely in the nature of internal operations. Such contracts are habitually exercised and there is nothing on record to suggest that such authority was cancelled at any point of time. We, therefore, hold that Interglobe is dependent agent of the appellant who has habitually exercised the authority to conclude contracts on behalf of the appellant. To that extent the appellant has a PE in India. Since we have held that Interglobe is a dependent agent of appellant in India, we need not discuss para (5) of Article 5 of the treaty regarding independent agent form of PE."

24. The Hon'ble Delhi High Court vide its order dated 25 Feb 2009 (ITA No. 1048 to 1055/2008 and 17437/2008, 17409/2008, 17438/2008, 17473-74/2008, 17469-70/2008, 17410/2008, 17439/2008 and 17471/2008 ) in case of GII for such first batch of 4 years

11 426/Del/2012 ITA Nos.357/Del/2013, 746/Del/2014 ITA Nos.2101 & 6162/Del/2015 CO No. 01/Del/2 ITA Nos. 3032, 3033 & 3034/Del/2016 Travelport Global Distribution System BV from AY 1995-96 to AY 1998-99 held the issue of PE/BC as academic as overall taxability of GII was held to be Nil. The relevant extracts from this order are re-produced as under:

"These appeals were listed along with the appeals filed by Revenue against the same judgment. The appeals filed by Revenue have been dismissed by us vide our orders passed in today's date in WP(C) No. 851/2008.

In view of this dismissal of those appeals of the Revenue, learned counsel for appellant submits that the question raised in these appeals have become academic and are therefore, dismissed."

25. Against the Hon'ble Delhi High Court order for AY 1995-96 to AY 1998-99, both the Income-tax department and Appellant's predecessor entity i.e. GII filed an appeal before Hon'ble Supreme Court of India vide SLP No. 6511 to 6518/2010. The Hon'ble Supreme Court vide its order dated 22 November 2019 dismissed (as withdrawn) SLP Nos. 6512 to 6515/2010 and 6517 to 6518/2010 pertaining to AY 1995-96, 1996-97 and AY 1998-99 on account of low tax effect, in consonance with circular No. 17 of 2019, leaving the question of laws open. For remaining SLPs, the matter is pending for adjudication before the Hon'ble Supreme Court.

26. In the second batch of 4 years i.e. from AY 1999-00 to 2002-03 in case of GII, the Hon'ble Delhi ITAT vide its order dated 17th March 2011 (ITA No.2971-2974 /Del/2010) (Page 281 to 284 of Paperbook Part 1), held as under :

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"4. Regarding various grounds raised by the assessee in the cross objections relating to existence of business connections in India and accrual and arising of Income in India and the deemed accrual and deemed arising of Income in India and existence of PE in India etc., it was submitted that these issues were decided by the tribunal against the assessee in assessment year 1995-96 to 1998-99. He submitted a copy of tribunal decision in assessee's own case for these assessment years 1995-96 to 1998-99 in 2473-2475/D/2000 and 820-823/D/2005 and CO. No. 47 to 54/D/2006 dated 30.11.2007. It is also submitted that against this tribunal order; both the assessee and revenue were in appeal before the Hon'ble High Court of Delhi. It is submitted that revenue's appeal were dismissed by the Hon'ble High Court of Delhi in its judgment dated 25.02.2009 in ITA No. 851 to 860/2008 and it was held by Hon'ble Delhi High Court that no questions of law arises in this matter which needs further determination by this court. It is also submitted that in the assessee's appeal, it was held by the Hon'ble Delhi High Court that in view of the dismissal of appeals of the revenue, the question raised by assessee in these appeals have become academic and are therefore dismissed. It is submitted that this judgement of Hon'ble High Court of Delhi in respect of assessee's appeal is also dated 25.02.2009 in ITA Nos 17408, 17409, 17437, 17438, 17473-74, 17469-70, 17410, 17439 and 17471- 72/2008. He submitted a copy of both these judgements of Hon'ble Delhi High Court rendered in the assessee's appeals as well as revenue's appeals. Ld. DR also agreed that these issues are covered as per these judgements."

13 426/Del/2012 ITA Nos.357/Del/2013, 746/Del/2014 ITA Nos.2101 & 6162/Del/2015 CO No. 01/Del/2 ITA Nos. 3032, 3033 & 3034/Del/2016 Travelport Global Distribution System BV Hon'ble Delhi High Court in its order dated 25th September 2012 (ITA 27. No. 1148 to 1151/2011 and ITA No. 466 to 472/2012) in case of GII for such second batch of 4 years from AY 1999-00 to AY 2002-03 relied on the decisions of Hon'ble Delhi ITAT and Hon'ble Delhi High Court in case of GII for first batch of 4 years and held that since factual matrix is same, the earlier decision of Hon'ble Delhi High Court in case of 25.02.2009 is squarely applicable i.e. issue of PE/BC is academic.

28. Against the Hon'ble Delhi High Court order for AY 1999-00 to 2002- 03, both the Income-tax department and Appellant's predecessor entity i.e. GII filed an appeal before Hon'ble Supreme Court of India vide SLP Nos. 2956 of 2014, 2242 of 2013, 7222 of 2013, 2241 of 2013. These SLPs are pending adjudication by Hon'ble Supreme Court.

"21. Now coming to the cross objections filed by the assessee in all these years four years. The Ld. AR did not argue the cross objections and therefore these cross objections are treated as not pressed. Therefore, the assessee's cross objections in all four years are dismissed"

The Hon'ble Delhi High Court in its order dated 25th August 2014 (ITA 30. No. 654/2012 656/2012, 659/2012 & 661/2012) in case of Galileo

14 426/Del/2012 ITA Nos.357/Del/2013, 746/Del/2014 ITA Nos.2101 & 6162/Del/2015 CO No. 01/Del/2 ITA Nos. 3032, 3033 & 3034/Del/2016 Travelport Global Distribution System BV Netherlands B.V (GNBV) (Successor of GII and Predecessor of the Appellant) for third batch of years i.e. AY 2003-04 to AY 2006-07 refrained from forming any opinion on GNBV's PE/BC in India. Relevant extract of this order is reproduced as under:

(Please refer Para 2 on Page 313 of Paperbook Part 1) "2. We begin with a caveat that a limited issue and question arises for consideration in these appeals and we are not required are not pronouncing any opinion and finding on whether the appellant-assessee had a Permanent Establishment (PE) in India and other related issues. The only question and issue raised in these appeals relates to profit attribution to Indian Operations on the assumption that the appellant- assessee had a PE in India."

32. Thus, the issue of Appellant's PE/BC in India is covered against it by the above decisions of Hon'ble Delhi High Court and Hon'ble Delhi ITAT in Appellant's predecessor's case.”

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38. AY 2017-18, PE attribution at 15% of gross revenue less the expenses (as already allowed by the Ld. AO and Ld. DRP), as per the decision of the Hon'ble Delhi ITAT Benches and Hon'ble Delhi High Court, reduces the taxable income to Nil and thus, no income is taxable in India.

“Ground No.6 is covered in favour of the Appellant by virtue of the application of the decisions of Hon'ble Delhi ITAT and Hon'ble Delhi High Court in case of Appellant and its predecessor entities i.e. GII and TGDSBV. The Hon'ble Delhi High Court and Hon'ble Delhi ITAT in Appellant's own/ predecessor's case i.e. GII and GNBV, have held that attribution rate to the alleged India PE is 15% of gross booking fees and since Indian related

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34. The ITAT in the case of Galileo International Inc (GII) (Predecessor of the Appellant) in the first batch of 4 years- AY 1995-96 to 1998-99 vide its order dated 30 Nov. 2007 (19 SOT 257 (DELHI) on the basis a Function, assets and risk (FAR) analysis, held that only 15% of the revenue could be attributed to India which got completely exhausted by the commission paid to the Indian distributor/ ITQPL, resulting in no income remaining to be taxed in India. It was held as under:

"9. ……………….....In the present case, we find that only part of CRS system operates or functions in India. The extent of work in India is only to the extent of generating request and receiving end-result of the process in India. The major functions like collecting the database of various airlines and hotels, which have entered into PCA with the appellant takes place outside India. The computer at Denver in USA processes various data like schedule of flights, timings, pricing, the availability, connection, meal preference, special facility, etc. and that too on the basis of neutral display real time on line takes place outside India. The computers at the desk of travel agent in India are merely connected or configured to the extent that it can perform a booking function but are not capable of processing the data of all the airlines together at one place. Such function requires huge investment and huge capacity, which is not available to the computers installed at the desk of subscriber in India.The major part of the work or to say a lion's share of such activity, are processed at the host computer in Denver in USA. The 17 426/Del/2012 ITA Nos.357/Del/2013, 746/Del/2014 ITA Nos.2101 & 6162/Del/2015 CO No. 01/Del/2 ITA Nos. 3032, 3033 & 3034/Del/2016 Travelport Global Distribution System BV activities in India are only minuscule portion. The appellant's computer in Germany is also responsible for all other functions like keeping data of the booking made worldwide and also keeping track of all the airlines/hotels worldwide that have entered into PCA. Though no guidelines are available as to how much should be Income reasonably attributable to the operations carried out in India, the same has to be determined on the factual situation prevailing in each case. However, broadly to determine such attribution one has to look Into the factors like functions performed, assets used and risk undertaken. On the basis of such analysis of functions performed, assets used and risk shared in two different countries, the income can be attributed. In the present case, we have found that majority of the functions are performed outside India. Even the majority of the assets, i.e., host computer which is having very large capacity which processes information of all the participants is situated outside India. The CRS as a whole is developed and maintained outside India. The risk in this regard entirely rests with the appellant and that is in USA, outside India. However, it is equally important to note that but for the presence of the assessee in India and the configuration and connectivity being provided in India, the income would not have generated. Thus the initial cause of generation of income is in India also. On the basis of above facts we can reasonably attribute 15 per cent of the revenue accruing to the assessee in respect of bookings made in India as income accruing or arising in India and chargeable under section 5(2) read with section 9(1)(i) of the Act."

(Para 10 on Page 224 of Paperbook Part 1)

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"10. Next question to be decided is if it is found that the income accruing in India is consumed by the payment made to the agents in India, whether any income still is left to be taxed in India. The activities of the appellant in India are entirely routed through the efforts of NMC namely Interglobe India (P.) Ltd. (Interglobe). Interglobe is responsible for monitoring the activities of the subscribers enrolled in India. The request originated from the computers at the desk of travel agent is once again routed through the facility of processing such information at Interglobe. If Interglobe finds that the subscriber accessing the CRS is authorized to do so, the request is further forwarded. Interglobe is also responsible for establishing connectivity of the computers of the subscribers and maintaining them. Interglobe is also responsible for training of the subscribers in respect of use of CRS. For all these services rendered by Interglobe to the appellant, it is being paid remuneration in terms of distribution agreement. Broadly the assessee receives three 'Euros' as fees per 'net booking', i.e., gross booking minus cancellation. The assessee passed one dollar to Interglobe for each net booking processed through Galileo system by subscriber. Thus, in respect of the activities carried out in India and considering the income accruing in India, remuneration paid to the Indian agents consumes the entire income accruing or arising in India………………."

(Para 18 on Page 251 of Paperbook Part 1)

"18…………………………While dealing with the question as to what is such part of income as is reasonably attributable to the operations carried out in India, we have held that only 15 per cent of the revenue generated

19 426/Del/2012 ITA Nos.357/Del/2013, 746/Del/2014 ITA Nos.2101 & 6162/Del/2015 CO No. 01/Del/2 ITA Nos. 3032, 3033 & 3034/Del/2016 Travelport Global Distribution System BV from the bookings made within India is taxable In India. The same proportion has to be adopted here while computing profit attributable to the PE. We have also held that since the payment to the agent in India is more than what is the income attributable to the PE in India, it extinguish the assessment as no further income is taxable in India. It is to be noted that even in the first assessment framed by the Assessing Officer, the entire expenses in the form of remuneration paid to Interglobe was held as allowable deduction and was reduced while computing the income of Appellant. If that be the case, the income attributable to PE in India being less than the remuneration paid to the dependent agent, it extinguishes the assessment and requires no further exercise for computation of income. We accordingly hold so and in view of the same the income of the Appellant will be NIL."

"5. The next contention of applicant is that instead of estimating or apportioning income or profits the Tribunal has attributed the revenue. In our opinion this is not a mistake apparent from record. For computation of any income, the first point is to apportion the revenue from the operations carried out in India. Unless the revenues are attributed, the income which is a second step cannot be attributed. However, after apportioning revenue, since it was found that out of the apportioned revenue, the remuneration payable to the agent in India exceeds such apportioned revenue, no further income is taxable in India………"

"…………9. We find that all issues arising in the appeal have beenanswered. Neither any argument nor any ground is left out. In view of overall situation if the tribunal has consciously come to the conclusion that no income accrues in India and in respect of which elaborate reasons are given, if the applicant do not agree with the reasoning, it cannot be said that any mistake has crept in the order of the Tribunal which is rectifiable under section 254(2) of the Act. We therefore decline to interfere".

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"The Tribunal thereafter discussed the principle which is to be followed in apportioning the Income-tax accruing in India and the Income accruing outside India. The Tribunal found that only a part of CRS order operates and functions in India. The extent of working in India is only to the extent of channelizing the request and receiving the result of the process in India and the major functioning and collecting the data base of various airlines and hostels which have entered into PCA with the respondent takes place outside the India. The Tribunal also took into consideration the fact that the computer of Denver at USA processes various data like schedule of flights, timings, pricing, the availability, connection, meal preference, special facility, etc. and that too on the basis of neutral display real time on line takes place outside India. Insofar as the role played in India is concerned, that is limited to the computers at the desk which are merely connected or configured to the extent that it can perform a booking function but are not capable of processing the data of all the airlines together at one place. The Tribunal was also influenced by another important fact viz., such functioning requires huge investment and huge capacity which is not available in the computers installed at the desk of the subscriber in India. On this basis, the Tribunal formed the opinion that major part of the work are processed at the host computer in Denver in USA and the activities in India are only minuscule portion. Taking into consideration all these factors the Tribunal was of the opinion that one could reasonably attribute 15 per cent of the "revenue" accruing to the respondent in respect of bookings made in India as major expenses in that behalf is incurred in activities carried out in US………."

(Please refer Para on Page 272 of Paperbook Part 1)

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"Thus, the approach adopted by the Tribunal was to first arrive at the figure relating to the revenue generated in India and abroad. It concluded that out of the revenue accrued to the respondent in respect of these bookings 15 per cent thereof should be attributed to India, keeping in view a very minor portion of the activity being carried out here"

(Please refer Para on Page 273 of Paperbook Part 1)

"After formulating the aforesaid question, the Tribunal answered the same holding that since the revenue attributable in respect of the booking made in India is only 0.45 Euro (15 per cent of Euro 3) and commission paid to Interglobe was Euro 1, there was no income which was taxable in India." "The Tribunal in this behalf has noted that the entire payment made by the respondent to the Interglobe has been allowed as expenses while computing total Income of the respondent. After arriving at these findings of facts, the Tribunal referred to Circular No. 23 of 23-7-1969 which prescribes that no income can be further charged to tax in India. To same effect is the judgment of the Supreme Court in Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc.'s case (supra)" (Please refer last Para on Page 276 of Paperbook Part 1)

"We, therefore, are of the opinion that no question of law arises in these matters which needs any further determination by this Court. These appeals are accordingly dismissed in limine."

23 426/Del/2012 ITA Nos.357/Del/2013, 746/Del/2014 ITA Nos.2101 & 6162/Del/2015 CO No. 01/Del/2 ITA Nos. 3032, 3033 & 3034/Del/2016 Travelport Global Distribution System BV SLP No. 6511 to 6518/2010. The Hon'ble Supreme Court vide its order dated 22 November 2019 dismissed (as withdrawn) SLP Nos. 6512 to 6515/2010 and 6517 to 6518/2010 pertaining to AY 1995-96, 1996-97 and AY 1998-99 on account of low tax effect, in consonance with circular No. 17 of 2019, leaving the question of laws open.

On the issue of allowability of distribution expenses:

23. For AY 2012-13 (one of years in captioned matter), both ld. DRP and the Assessing Officer has allowed 100% distribution expenses by relying on Hon’ble Delhi High Court’s decision in case of Company/its predecessor company for AY 1995-96 to AY 2006-07. The relevant extract is as under:

The Panel taking note of the above Jurisdictional High Court Order in the ‘a’ own case is of the firm view that any departure from the stated stand of the Hon’ble High Court of Delhi shall tantamount to judicial indiscipline and breach of doctrine of binding precedent and consistency. Respectfully following the verdict of the Hon ’Me Court, the Panel is pleased to concede the grounds of appeal pressed by ‘a’.

“3.5 ....Perusal of various cases of CRS systems operators such as Amadeus, Sabre and Travel port (Galileo) it is seen that amounts varying: from 25% to 70% is paid / payable to the GPS/ NMC companies in India. In some cases such companies claim to be located outside India. Be that as it may, such payments are made by the CRS company of their affiliates for maintaining the network of subscribers / travel agents who are the revenue earners as points of sale. Such GPS operators, Inter Globe TO in the present case are the nodal agency in a given territory to establish and develop the network of subscribers and the requisite IT infrastructure and servers for the business. We are of the view that where such direct expenses attributed to the revenue, earned from the sources of India are identifiable, they need to be deducted at source and in the first place.’’

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17. We have gone through the history of such expenditure and find that the addition is being made owing to confusion in the description of the services as export of processed data/software ”or" distribution fee."

18. This expenditure has been allowed by the Co-ordinate Bench of Tribunal from the assessment years 1996-97 to 2006-07. Since, the facts have not been disputed in the absence of any material change, we hereby allow the claim of distribution expenses.

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Allowability of other expenses:

29. The following table depicts the position of negative profits computed post allowance of booking fee and distribution expenses:

AY 2012-13 AY 2014-15 Particulars AY 2007-08 AY 2008-09 AY 2009-10 AY 2010-11 AY 2011-12 67,339,472 Booking fee (USD) 55,029,465 70,035,529 66,511,669 75,676,788 79,826,594 77,519,539 10,100,921 15% of booking fee 8,254,420 10,505,329 9,976,750 11,351,518 11,973,989 11,627,931 Less: Distribution 49,691,247 37,136,627 47,658,043 45,981,980 51,036,204 58,011,833 56,922,872 expenses (USD) Net Loss Position (28,882,207) (37,152,714) (36,005,230) (39,684,686) (46,037,844) (45,294,941) (39,590,326) (USD)

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31. Additional grounds taken up by the assessee stands withdrawn, hence not required to be adjudicated.