M/S.MAHARASHTRA STATE FINANCIAL CORPN. vs. C.I.T. BOMBAY.

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ITR/85/1988HC Bombay04 July 2005Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE V.C. DAGA, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE A.S. AGUIAR9 pages
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What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the Tribunal was not justified in taxing the amounts. Regarding the 'Interest Suspense (Recalled) Account' (Rs. 57,38,782), the Court relied on the Supreme Court's subsequent decision in UCO Bank vs. Commissioner of Income Tax (1999). This decision clarified that interest in suspense accounts should not be taxed, particularly in view of CBDT Circular dated 9th October 1984. The Court noted that this circular was not brought to the Supreme Court's notice in the earlier State Bank of Travancore case, and it was binding on assessing authorities. Therefore, the interest in this account could not be taxed. For the 'Interest Suspense (suit-filed) Account' (Rs. 59,57,822), the Court agreed with the assessee's submission that interest awarded post-suit filing until decree is discretionary under Section 34 CPC. The right to receive such future interest arises only upon the court's decree. Consequently, this interest could not be assessed to tax on an accrual basis. The Court followed the decisions of the Calcutta and Orissa High Courts on this point. The question of law was answered in the negative, in favour of the assessee and against the revenue.

What were the facts?

This Indian ITAT judgment concerns the Maharashtra State Financial Corporation Ltd. (assessee) and the Commissioner of Income Tax (revenue) for the Assessment Year 1980-81. The dispute revolves around the taxability of Rs. 1,16,96,604 credited to two interest suspense accounts: 'Interest Suspense (suit-filed) Account' (Rs. 59,57,822) and 'Interest Suspense (Recalled) Account' (Rs. 57,38,782). The Income Tax Officer initially held these amounts taxable on accrual basis, relying on the Kerala High Court's decision in State Bank of Travancore vs. C.I.T. The CIT(Appeals) deleted the addition, holding the amounts taxable on realization basis. The Tribunal, however, restored the addition, relying on the Supreme Court's decision in State Bank of Travancore (1986). The assessee then sought a reference to the High Court.

What were the issues?

1. Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances, the Tribunal was justified in law in holding that interest of Rs. 1,16,96,604 credited to the 'Interest Suspense (suit-filed) Account' and 'Interest Suspense (Recalled) Account' had accrued to the assessee and was chargeable to tax for Assessment Year 1980-81? Assessee's Contentions: - For the 'Interest Suspense (Recalled) Account' (Rs. 57,38,782), the assessee argued that the Supreme Court's subsequent decision in UCO Bank vs. Commissioner of Income Tax (1999) clarified that interest in suspense accounts should not be taxed, especially in light of CBDT Circular dated 9th October 1984, which was not brought to the notice of the court in the earlier State Bank of Travancore case. This circular stated that interest on doubtful debts would be taxable only upon recovery, and interest charged where no recovery occurred for three years would not be taxed in the fourth year onwards. - For the 'Interest Suspense (suit-filed) Account' (Rs. 59,57,822), the assessee contended that interest awarded for the period subsequent to the filing of a suit until the date of decree is at the court's discretion, as per Section 34 CPC. Therefore, such interest cannot be taxed annually on an accrual basis, as the right to receive it only crystallizes upon the court passing a decree. Reliance was placed on Calcutta High Court's decision in CIT vs. Naskarpara Jute Mills Co. Ltd. (1983) and Orissa High Court's decision in CIT vs. Orissa State Financial Corporation (201 ITR 595). Revenue's Contentions: The judgment does not explicitly record the revenue's contentions on the specific issues, but it implies the revenue supported the Tribunal's decision to tax the interest.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 256(1),Section 119,Section 34 CPC

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Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
1 P IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY                ORDINARY  ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICGTION  INCOME TAX REFERENCE NO.   85 of  1988 M/s.  Maharashtra State Financial  Corporation Ltd.,  ...   Applicant.  vs. The Commissioner of Income Tax, Bombay City II, Bombay  ..... Respondent Mr. P. J. Pardiwala  i/b. Mulla & Mulla for Applicant.   Mr. Ashok Kotangale for Respondent.  CORAM:  V. C. DAGA AND A. S. AGUIAR JJ.   Date:  4th July, 2005.

ORAL JUDGMENT: (Per  V. C. Daga J. )

1.

This   reference   is   at   the   instance   of   the   assessee   ­applicant Maharashtra State Financial  Corporation Ltd., under section 256(1) of the Income Tax Act (ITR for short), 1961. 2. The question of law referred to this court is as follows:

3.

(1) Whether on the facts and in the circumstances  of the case, the Tribunal was justified in law in in holding that CNR No : HCBM020000781988 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P interest   of   Rs.1,16,96,604/­   credited   to   the   interest suspense   (suit­filed)   account   and   interest   suspense (Recalled) account had accrued to the assessee and was chargeable to tax for the  Assessment Year 1980­ 81?” Factual Matrix

2.

The   factual   matrix   reveal   that   the  issue   pertains   to   the  relevant accounting year ended on 31.3.1980 (Assessment Year 1980­81). The assessee ­ Maharashtra State Financial  Corporation Ltd., is set up under an Act of Parliament to finance small and medium scale industries.     The   assessee   –    Corporation   fled   its   return   for   the Assessment   Year   1980­81   declaring   its   income   in   the   sum   of Rs.2,34,99,280. 3. The Income Tax Officer amongst others considered the taxability of the   amount   credited   (a)   “Interest   Suspense   (suit   filed)   Account” amounting to Rs.59,57,822/­ and,  (b) Interest Suspense (Recalled) Account” amounting to Rs.57,38,782/­ . The I. T. O. found that these two   amounts   put   together   amounting   to   Rs.1,16,96,604/­   were Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P in (1971) 110 ITR 336. 4. Being aggrieved by the aforesaid order  the assessee – Corporation preferred   an   appeal   before   the   Commissioner   of   Income   Tax (Appeals).   The said Appellate Court following   the decision of the Tribunal for the  earlier year i.e., Assessment Year 1978­79  held that this amount was not taxable on accrual basis but was taxable on realization basis, consequently, it deleted the said addition.

5.

The   matter   was   carried   to   the   Tribunal   at   the   instance   of   the Revenue in appeal.  Before the Tribunal reliance was placed by the Department on the decision of the Supreme Court   in the case of State Bank of Travancore (1986) 158  ITR (102 SC)  wherein the Supreme   Court   held   that   in   the   case   of   assessee   following mercantile system of accounting, interest   income accrued   to the assessee was assessable irrespective of whether the assessee had credited such interest to interest suspense account.   It is not in dispute that the assessee was debiting   the amount of interest on accrual basis to the debtor's account and was crediting the same to interest suspense account in respect of advances known as sticky advances.  This was in contrast to the accounts of debtor's who were considered   good.     In   whose   cases   interest   accrued   was   being Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P debited   to   the   debtor's  account   and   accordingly   credited   to   the interest account.   The credit balance in the interest – account was taken to profit and loss account at the end of the y year  while credit balance in the  “Interest Suspense Account”  was not carried to the profit and loss account.

6.

After the Financial Year 1978­79, the  assessee  made a change in the system of account.  While the debit  regarding accrued interest was made to accrued interest suspense account and not to the account   of   the   debtors,   credit   was   given   to   “Interest   Suspense (Recalled) Account”   instead of  Interest Suspense Account  on a . Subsequently when the interest was received from the debtor, credit was given to “Accrued Interest Suspense Account”  from where the same amount was transferred to interest on loan account.  The net

result of these entries was the same as before financial year 1978­79 viz.,   that   the   accrued   interest   continued   to   be   accounted   for   in assessee's account books though such interest was not shown as income in the profit and loss account. Thus the assessee, according to  what  was stated  on  its   behalf, continued   to  follow  mercantile system of accounting by accounting for the dues from the debtors on accrual basis.   On these facts the Tribunal found that  assessee did not change its system of accounting for mercantile cash.  It is further Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P made clear by the assessee that on filing a suit against the debtors, the   assessee    credited   the   interest   earned   thereafter  to   Interest Suspense (suit filed) account.     Thus, even in respect of accounts where   suits   were   filed,   the   assessee's   system   of   accounting continued to be mercantile.

7.

The Tribunal thus held that the Supreme Court decision in   State Bank of Travancore  (supra) , squarely applied   to the facts of the case of the assessee. According to the said judgment of the  Apex Court,   the   distinguishing   feature   of   the   mercantile   system   of accounting was that “it brings into credit what is due,  immediately it become legally due and before it is actually received; and it brings into   debit,     expenditure,   the   amount   for   which   has   been   legally incurred before it is actually disbursed”.

8.

The Tribunal applying the above test has also observed that the Supreme Court had approved the decision of Bombay High Court in CIT v. Confidence  Ltd., (1973) ITR 292 wherein  it was held that receipt   of   income   either   actual   or   deemed   is   not   a   condition precedent to taxability and it is assessable if it had arisen or accrued. Following   this   decision   the  Tribunal  held   that   the   amount   shown   in “Interest Suspense (suit filed) Account”  amounting to Rs.59,57,822/­ and Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P “Interest Suspense (Recalled) Account”, amounting to Rs.57,38,782/­ was assessable.  It is out of this finding of the Tribunal that the assessee has sought to raise the above mentioned question.

9.

As already stated herein above, the amount of RS.57,38,782 represents the  “Interest Suspense   (Recalled)  Account”.    So   far   as  the    “Interest Suspense (suit filed) Account” is concerned it represents Rs.59,57,822. How this amount should be dealt with is now covered by the Circular issued by the Central Board of Direct Taxes,  under section 119  of the Income Tax Act , by which the Board has decided that interest in respect of the doubtful  debt deducted by the banking company would be subject to tax but the interest charged in the account where there has been no recovery for consecutive  three accounting  years will not be subject to tax in the fourth year and onwards.   The circular also  states that if there is any recovery, the actual amount recovered only would be subjected to tax in the respective years.  This procedure would apply to the Assessment Year 1979­80 and onwards.         The Tribunal   while deciding appeal Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P [1999] 237 ITR 889, wherein the Apex Court held that in view of the circular dated 9th October 1984 the interest in the suspense account should not be taxed.   The Apex Court itself ruled that the circular issued by the CBDT was not brought to the notice of the Court when the case of   State Bank of Travancore (supra), was decided by it and as such it was not followed in the UCO Bank case. Since the circular was binding on the assessing authority the interest on the arrears could not have been taxed.   In this view of the matter the Tribunal was not justified in taxing the amount of Rs.57,38,782. 10.Now   what   remains   to   be   considered   is   the   amount   of   interest shown in the  “Interest Suspense (Recalled) Account”  amounting to Rs.59,57,822. The learned     counsel appearing for  the assessee submitted that the award of interest for the period subsequent to the fling of the suit till the date of decree, lies within the discretion of the court and as such the interest from the date of filing of the suit is not liable to tax each year, on the premise that the interest had continued to accrue   from year to year.     In support of this submission,   he placed reliance on the decision of the Calcutta High Court, in the case   of  Commissioner   of   Income   Tax,   West   Bengal   ­IX   vs. Naskarpara Jute Mills Co., Ltd., reported in [1983] 141 ITR 384 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P 11.In view of the above  in our view the amount of Rs.59,57,822/­ could not   have   been   added   to   the   total   income,   as   interest   income. Consequently,  the Tribunal was not justified in reversing the order of the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals).  In the result we answer the question in the negative, that is, in favour of the assessee  and against the revenue.     Reference disposed of accordingly, with no order as to costs.

(V. C. DAGA J. ) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P

(A. S. AGUIAR J.) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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