C.I.T.-IV, BOMBAY. vs. SHRI M.D.VORA, BOMBAY.

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ITR/31/1990HC Bombay12 July 2005Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE V.C. DAGA, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE A.S. AGUIAR11 pages
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What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held in favour of the assessee. The Court noted that the assessee, as Karta of the HUF, had made an additional investment of Rs. 1 lakh into the firm M/s. B. Mehta & Co. from HUF funds. This additional investment resulted in an additional 6% share in the firm. The assessee had also made a declaration that this 6% share was held on behalf of the HUF. The Court found that the department had not disputed the additional share granted or the fact that HUF funds were invested. The ITO's rejection of the claim solely on the ground that the declaration was unilateral was deemed insufficient, especially when the HUF funds' investment was not disputed. The Court reasoned that the 6% additional share in the income from the firm, being attributable to the contribution of additional capital from HUF funds, became the share of the HUF by an overriding title. Therefore, the assessee's additional 6% share in the income had to be diverted to the HUF. The Court answered the referred question in the affirmative, in favour of the assessee and against the Revenue. The reference was disposed of with no order as to costs.

What were the facts?

The assessee, M.D. Vora, was a partner in M/s. B. Mehta & Co. Initially, he held a 12% share as per a partnership deed dated March 17, 1975, with a capital contribution of Rs. 1 lakh. A subsequent partnership deed dated March 10, 1978, effective from January 1, 1978, increased his share to 18% and required an investment of Rs. 2.80 lakhs. Vora claimed that an additional investment of approximately Rs. 1 lakh was made from his Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) funds, of which he was the Karta. He declared on November 17, 1978, that 6% of his share in the firm belonged to the HUF. For the assessment year 1979-80, he declared only 12% of the share income, treating the remaining 6% as belonging to the HUF. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) assessed the entire 18% share income in Vora's hands, considering the declaration unilateral. The Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) and the Tribunal ruled in favour of the assessee.

What were the issues?

1. Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the 6% share of profit from M/s. B. Mehta & Co. belonged to the HUF headed by M.D. Vora and the 12% share belonged to M.D. Vora (Individual) for Assessment Years 1979-80 and 1980-81? Assessee's Contention: The assessee contended that the additional investment of Rs. 1 lakh was made from HUF funds, and consequently, the 6% share in the firm acquired due to this investment belonged to the HUF. The assessee relied on the declaration made by him as Karta and the fact that the HUF had declared this income and completed wealth tax assessments accordingly. The assessee also cited the Supreme Court's decision in CIT vs. Kalu Babu Lal Chand and this court's decision in CIT vs. M.D. Kanoria, and the Allahabad High Court's decision in CIT vs. Raja Ram Jaiswal. Revenue's Contention: The Revenue, through the ITO, initially rejected the assessee's claim, holding that the unilateral declaration by Vora did not constitute an agreement and that the 6% share income was merely an application of his own income to the HUF. The Revenue relied on the case of Pondicherry Rly. Co., Ltd.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 256(1)

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Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
1 P IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY                ORDINARY  ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICGTION  INCOME TAX REFERENCE NO.   31 of  1990  The Commissioner of Income Tax   ...   Applicant.  vs. Shri M. D. Vora   ... Respondent Mr. Ashok Kotangale, senior counsel,  i/b. K.C. Sidhwa, for Applicant   Mr. Asifa Khan for Respondent.  CORAM:  V. C. DAGA AND A. S. AGUIAR JJ.   Date:  July 12, 2005.

ORAL JUDGMENT: (Per A. S. Aguiar  J. )

1.

The question of law referred to under section 256(1) of the Income­ tax Act in R.A. Nos. 271(Bom)/1986 & 272(Bom)/ 1986 arising out of ITA Nos. 5510 (Bom)/1983 & 5511 (Bom)/1983) for the Assessment Years 1979­80 and 1980­81), for consideration of this court by the Tribunal at the instance of the assessee are as follows: Whether on the facts and in the circumstances   of the case,  6%  share of  profit  from  M/s. B.  Mehta & Co., CNR No : HCBM020003371990 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P belonged to the H.U.F.  headed by  M. D. Vora and 12% share belonged to M.D. Vora (Individual) for Assessment Years 1979­80 and 1980­81.”

2.

The factual matrix giving rise to the aforesaid question is as follows: The assessee M. D. Vora, in his individual capacity, was a partner with 12% share in B. Mehta & Co., as per partnership  deed  dated 17.3.1975. Vora had contributed Rs. One lakh as capital as per clause 5 of the said   partnership  deed.  There was a change in the constitution of the said firm due to retirement of two partners and as per    partnership   deed  dated 10.3.1978 (effective from 1.1.1978), Vora was entitled to 18% share in the said firm and as per clause 5 of the partnership   deed, he had to invest Rs.2.80 lakhs as capital. Vora claimed that the additional investment  of about Rs. One lakh was made by him out of H.U.F. Funds (he was karta of the H.U.F.). Vora made a declaration on 17.11.1978 that he held 6% of share in B. Mehta & Co., on behalf of H.U.F. headed by him, after the funds belonging to the H.U.F., were invested in the firm on 1.1.1978 (from which date his share in the firm had been  increased to 18% from 12%).  Vora accordingly declared only his share income of 12% from B. Mehta & Co., in the accounting year ending 31.12.1978 relevant for Assessment Year 1979­80. Income Tax   Officer, however held Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P that   the   unilateral   declaration   by   Vora   did   not   amount   to   an agreement and following Pondicherry Rly. Co., Ltd., 5 I.T.C. 363. The Income Tax   Officer held that the assessee had only applied his income   by   passing   6%   of   share   income   to   the   H.U.F.     He accordingly, assessed  18% share income from the said firm in the hands of the assessee, Vora, in Assessment Year 1979­80. He followed this order in Assessment Year 1980­81. 3. Commissioner   of   Income   Tax,   (Appeals)   accepted   assessee's contention after noting that the H.U.F., had declared the income from 6% share in the said firm and that  the assessment of the H.U.F.  had been   completed   accordingly.     Similarly   H.U.F.'s   wealth   tax assessments had been completed in which loan of the capital in question  had been shown as advanced to M. D. Vora (Individual).

4.

The  Tribunal in appeal before it accepted the assessee's alternate contention that since 6% share in the firm was acquired by virtue of additional   investment   of   capital   of   Rs.   One   lac   which   had   been advanced  out of H.U.F.  funds,  the  6% share income belonged to H.U.F., more so when assessee (individual) had   himself declared that the said 6% share income belonged to H.U.F.  The Tribunal also noted that the  assessee did  not  rest his case  on the  overriding charge of the H.U.F.,  but took the alternative plea that since the 6% Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P share in the firm was acquired by virtue of additional investment of capital with the H.U.F., funds, the said 6% share in the income was relatable to the detriment to H.U.F.  Funds and therefore, the said 6% share in the income belonged to the  H.U.F.  Moreover, the assessee himself had declared the said 6% share in the income as belonging held that the said income   was not assessable as the assessee's Chand, reported in [1959] XXXVII ITR page 123. The facts of the case are as follows: “R, the karta of a Hindu undivided family, was one of the promoters of a company to be  floated, took over a business   as   a   going   concern   and   carried   on   the business   on   behalf   of   the   company   until   it   was Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P incorporated     in   December,   1930. The   articles   of association of the company provided  that R would be the first managing director , specified his remuneration and required the company to enter into an agreement with   R.     The   agreement   however   was   not   actually entered into until January, 1934. It was found by the Appellate Tribunal  that the shares held in the names of R and his brother were acquired  with funds belonging to the joint family and the family was in enjoyment of the dividends paid on these shares.   Further, the company was floated with funds provided by the family and   R made no contribution  in this respect.  The company was all along financed by the family.   Prior to the accounting year     relevant   to   the   Assessment   Year   1943­44   the managing   director's   remuneration     received   by   R   was credited in the books of the family.   In the Assessment Year 1943­44  for   the   first   time   it   was   claimed   that   the whole of the managing director's  remuneration  constituted the personal earnings of R and should to be added to the income of the family. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P

The  Supreme   Court    held   that   the   managing director's remuneration  received  by  R  was,  as between him and the Hindu undivided family, the income of the family and should be assessed in its hands.”

6.

The learned   counsel for  the assessee  also placed reliance on the Kanoria, reported in [1982] 137 ITR p.137, wherein the facts are as under: “The assessee was the karta of an HUF consisting of himself, his wife and two minor sons.  He had invested funds of the  HUF  in certain firms and was a partner in them for and on behalf of the family.  There was a partial partition of the assets of the family invested  in the firms, and   the   memoranda   attached   to   the   partition   deeds contained agreements between the members that the assessee was to remain a partner in the firms but the profits falling to the share of the assessee were to be the profits of the members of the family “severally in their own   respective   individual   right   and   interest”   in   the proportion stated in the memoranda. There were  further agreements recorded in the memoranda that the share Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P in the profits of the firms was to be received by the assessee “for and on behalf of the members (severally)”. The ITO assessed the income received by the assessee from the firm as his income.  On appeals, the AAC and the Tribunal held that the shares of the other members of the erstwhile family were diverted by overriding title and was not assessable in the hands of the assessee. The Tribunal held also that the partition did not result in the   creation   of   a   sub­   partnership   consisting   of   the assessee and his wife and, therefore , s. 64 of the I.T. Act, 1961, was not applicable.   On a reference of the question whether the income of the erstwhile members of   the   family   was   diverted   by   overriding   title,   the Revenue contended that, in the alternative, the income was assessable in the hands of the assessee under the provisions of s. 64:

Held, (i) that the applicability of s. 64 was wholly independent of the question which had been referred.  In any event, the Tribunal had found as a fact that the partition   did   not   bring   about   any   partnership.       The contention that the Tribunal's finding was erroneous in Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P view of s. 64 could not be raised;

(ii) that the memoranda of partition expressly divided the capital standing in the name of the karta in the firms, among the members of the joint family, with the result that though the capital stood in the assessee's name in the firms' account books, that the capital was severally owned by the erstwhile members of the joint family in definite shares   with a further agreement that the assessee was to receive the profits for and on behalf of the contracting parties severally.   Hence, the share incomes of the assessee in the firms was subject to an overriding title in favour of the other members of the HUF   in   proportion   to   the   shares   allotted   to   them   in partial partition and as such could not be taxed in the hands of the assessee.”

7.

Lastly, reliance has been placed upon the decision of the Allahabad Ram Jaiswal   reported in [1992]195 ITR 834, wherein the facts are as under: “During the assessment proceedings for the assessment Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P year 1970­71, the assessee raised a claim before the Income­tax   Officer     that   he   had   borrowed   certain amounts from two persons, namely, S and H, which amount he invested in a firm in which he was a partner. The assessee had entered into an agreement  with the aforesaid   two   lenders   some   time   in   the   year   1969, where­under he had agreed to pay the said two persons 7 per cent and 13 per cent, out of the share income received by him from the said firm.   He, accordingly, claimed that the amount representing 20 per cent should not be treated as   his income since that income was diverted   to   the   lenders   by   an   overriding   title.     The assessee's claim was rejected by the Income­tax Officer but accepted by the Tribunal.  On a reference:

Held,   that   the   agreements   between   the assessee and the said lenders were practically in the nature of sub­ partnership.  It was not a case where the assessee   could,   at   any   time,   pay   up   the   loans   and discharge   /   terminate     the   agreements.   Hence,   the payments in question constituted a case of diversion of income by an overriding title.” Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P

8.

In the present case the assessee has made additional investment of capital amounting to Rs.1 lac, to the firm of M/s. B. Mehta & Co., which was advanced from HUF funds. The additional share of 6% was relatable to  the additional investment to the capital of B. Mehta & Co., fromd the funds of the H.U.F.  The assessee  who was the karta of the HUF also made a declaration that he was holding 6% share in B. Mehta & Co., on behalf of the HUF of which he was the karta.  The department has not disputed that the assessee had been granted additional share of 6%  in the said firm of B. Mehta & Co., after infusion of additional funds to the capital of the firm.   The department   has   also   not   denied   the   declaration   made   by   the assessee  who is the karta to the effect that the 6% additional share in the firm was on account of the additional investment from HUF funds.     There was therefore   no reason for the ITO not to have accepted the contention  of the assessee  and to have rejected the claim of the assessee.   The ITO   rejected the claim solely on the ground that the declaration by the assessee being unilateral does not amount to an agreement.  The existence of the declaration not being denied and the fact of HUF funds being  invested in the firm of B. Mehta & Co.,  also not being disputed, there was no reason for the ITO  to have rejected the claim of the assessee.  The assessee's 6% Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 P additional share in the income from the firm  being attributable to the contribution  of additional capital from  the HUF funds become the share of the HUF by an overriding title of the HUF and therefore  the assessee's  additional 6%  share in the income has to be diverted to the HUF.     We accordingly answer the question referred for our opinion in the affirmative, that is, in favour of the assessee and against the Revenue.     Reference disposed of with no order as to costs.

(V. C. DAGA J. )

(A. S. AGUIAR J.) ­x­ Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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