ARTHUR ANDERSON AND CO. vs. THE ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF INCOME-TAX-11(2) AND 2 ORS.

PDF · subscribers
WP/2555/2009HC Bombay29 March 2010Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE DR. D.Y. CHANDRACHUD, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE J.P. DEVADHAR13 pages
AI SummaryAllowed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the condition precedent for reopening an assessment beyond four years, as stipulated in the proviso to Section 147, was not fulfilled. The Court found that the assessee had made a full and true disclosure of all material facts necessary for the assessment. Specifically, the assessee had explicitly brought to the AO's attention that the Rs. 50.14 lacs interest income represented the net difference between interest received under Section 244A and interest paid under Section 220(2). The AO's reasons for reopening did not state any failure on the part of the assessee to disclose material facts. The Court distinguished the case of Dr. Amin's Pathology Laboratory by noting that in this instance, there was a specific disclosure, not merely the production of documents from which facts could have been inferred. The Court also referred to the Supreme Court's decision in Harshad Shantilal Mehta v. Custodian, which clarified that tax, penalty, and interest are distinct concepts under the Income Tax Act. Consequently, the notice for reopening the assessment was set aside.

What were the facts?

The assessee, Arthur Anderson & Co., filed its return of income for Assessment Year 2003-04 on December 1, 2003, declaring a total income of Rs. 6.14 Crores. The return included an interest income of Rs. 4.91 Crores, which was disclosed as interest received under Section 244A, net of interest paid under Section 220. During assessment proceedings, the Assessing Officer (AO) sought details of this interest. The assessee provided details, including a note stating the Rs. 50.14 lacs component represented interest on tax refund, net of interest paid under Section 220. The AO later issued a notice under Section 148 on February 4, 2009, to reopen the assessment, alleging that the interest paid under Section 220(2) was not an admissible expenditure and thus income had escaped assessment. The assessee challenged this notice.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the notice under Section 148 for reopening the assessment for AY 2003-04, issued beyond four years from the end of the relevant assessment year, is valid, considering the assessment was completed under Section 143(3)? Assessee's contentions: - The notice was issued beyond the four-year period. - The condition precedent for reopening beyond four years, which requires a failure by the assessee to fully and truly disclose all material facts, was not met. - The assessee had fully disclosed that the Rs. 50.14 lacs interest component represented interest received under Section 244A, net of interest paid under Section 220. - The AO had specifically inquired about the interest income, and the assessee's response included the disclosure of the net interest amount. Revenue's contentions: - The AO had not specifically noticed that the assessee had set off interest received under Section 244A with interest payable under Section 220. - Therefore, it was open for the AO to exercise jurisdiction under Section 148 even beyond four years. - Reliance was placed on Explanation 1 to Section 147, arguing that mere production of books of accounts or evidence from which material could have been discovered does not necessarily amount to a disclosure.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 148,Section 143(3),Section 147,Section 244A,Section 220,Section 40(ii),Section 2(43),Section 156

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cited by 19 judgments on BharatTax

See all citing judgments →

Counted from the text of the judgments hosted here. Most recent first.

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
1 IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY O. O. C. J. WRIT PETITION NO.2555 OF 2009 Arthur Anderson & Co. ..Petitioner. Vs. The Assistant Commissioner of  Income Tax­11(2) and others ..Respondents. .... Mr. Soli  E. Dastur, Senior Advocate with Mr. Niraj Sheth and Mr. Atul  K. Jasani for the Petitioner. Mr. Vimal Gupta for the Respondents. ..... CORAM : DR. D.Y.CHANDRACHUD  &                 J.P. DEVADHAR, JJ.                   19th March, 2010.

ORAL JUDGMENT (Per Dr. D.Y. CHANDRACHUD, J.):

1.

A notice has been issued by the Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax – 11(2) on 4th February, 2009 by which the assessment for Assessment Year 2003­04 has been sought to be reopened.  The assessee   has   moved   these   proceedings   under   Article   226   of   the Constitution inter alia to challenge the notice for reopening of the assessment and the consequential orders. CNR No : HCBM020297512009 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020

2.

In respect of Assessment Year 2003­04 the Petitioner filed a return of income on 1st December, 2003 by which it returned a total income of Rs.6.14 Crores.  The return was accompanied by a copy of the audited accounts for the year ending 31st March, 2003 and a tax audit report under Section 44­AB.   In the income and expenditure account the Petitioner disclosed an interest income of Rs.4.91 Crores. In   the   computation   of   income   the   Petitioner   reduced   an   interest amount of Rs.50.14 lacs which was shown separately as income from other   sources.     In   the   notes   to   the   computation   of   income   the Petitioner  disclosed   that  the  interest  income   represented  interest received under Section 244­A, net of interest paid under Section 220. During   the   course   of   the   assessment   proceedings   a   query   was addressed by the Assessing Officer on 20th December, 2004 by which inter alia an explanation was called with reference to the following : “(b) Interest   of   Rs.4,91,33,466/­   is   credited   to   the Income and expenditure account.  Please furnish details of interest   received,   giving   the   names   and   address   of   the parties from whom interest has been received.  Perusal of records indicate that in the preceding assessment year, you have disclosed Rs.5,65,65,826/­.  Kindly explain the reasons for   shortfall   in   the   current   year   with   necessary   cogent evidence.” Uploaded on - 21/08/2020

3.

In   reply   to   the   query   the   Petitioner   addressed   a communication on 28th December, 2004 inter alia furnishing details in respect of the interest income.  A statement which is annexed to the reply contained a disclosure in item 6 that the interest on tax refund (net of interest paid under Section 220) amounted to Rs.50.14 lacs. An order of assessment was passed on 18th  February, 2005. The Assessing Officer in the course of the assessment order referred to his notice under Section 143(2)/142(1) dated 20th December, 2004 and to the reply of the assessee dated 28th January, 2005. Subsequently a notice was issued under Section 144 by the Assessing Officer on 15th September, 2006. The notice stated that on scrutiny of the details of interest income, it has been revealed that the amount included a sum of Rs.50.14 lacs on account of interest on tax refund, net of interest under Section 220(2).  The Assessing Officer noted that in the note to the accounts it was submitted that the interest income represented interest   received   under   Section   244­A   and   net   of   interest   under Section 220(2).  According to the Assessing Officer the entire interest Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 received under Section 244­A was required to be offered for taxation since   under   Section   40(ii)   income   tax   paid   or   payable   did   not constitute a deductible expenditure.   On these grounds, the notice under   Section   154   came   to   be   issued.     By   its   reply   dated   26th February, 2007 the Petitioner submitted that the total interest paid to it was Rs.1.51 Crores whereas   its interest liability under Section 220(2) amounted to Rs.1.01 Crores.   The Petitioner submitted that the refund on which interest was credited to it was due partly in October 1998 and partly in October 1999, even before its liability to pay tax for Assessment Year 1998­99 arose in March 2001. Eventually a notice was issued by the Assessing Officer under Section 148 on 4th February, 2009. The reasons on the basis of which the assessment is sought   to   be   reopened   is   stated   in   the   Assessing   Officer’s communication dated 2nd March, 2009 which is as follows : “It is seen from the records that during the year, assessee has credited interest amount of Rs.4,91,33,466/­ to the Income & Expenditure A/c., which includes interest u/s.   244A   amounting   to   Rs.50,14,633/­   on   account   of interest on tax refund, net of interest paid u/s. 220(2) of the I.T. Act amounting to Rs.1,01,11,960/­.  The assessee in the note to the computation of income has stated that the interest income represents interest received u/s. 244A, net Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 of   interest   paid   u/s.   220(2).     As   per   the   provisions   of Section 40(ii) of the I.T. Act, any sum paid on account of any   rate,   or   tax   levied   on   the   profits   or   gains   of   any business or profession are not deductible from the income of the assessee.  Therefore, the interest charged u/s. 220(2) amounting   to   Rs.1,01,11,960/­   is   not   an   admissible expenditure   for   deduction   from   the  total   income   of   the assessee. I   have,   therefore,   reason     to   believe   that   the interest paid by the assessee u/s. 220(2) amounting to Rs. 1,01,11,960/­ claimed as deduction chargeable to tax has escaped assessment.”

4.

On behalf of the assessee the reopening of the assessment is questioned on the following grounds :­(i) Admittedly the notice under Section 148 has been issued beyond the expiry of four years of the end   of   the   relevant   Assessment   Year   2003­04;   (ii)   The   condition precedent   to   the   exercise   of   the   power   to   reopen   an   assessment beyond four years  of the expiry of the relevant Assessment Year, where   the   assessment   proceedings   were   completed   under   Section 143(3) is that there is a failure on the part of the assessee to fully and truly disclose all the material facts necessary for the assessment for that Assessment Year; (iii) In the present case, during the course of the assessment proceedings the assessee had fully disclosed that the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 interest   component   of   Rs.50.14   lacs   represented   interest   received under Section 244­A, net of interest paid under Section 220; (iv) The Assessing Officer had specifically sought an explanation   during the course of the assessment proceedings with reference to the interest of Rs.4.91 Crores credited to the income and expenditure account and in response thereto the assessee had in its disclosure referred to the interest on tax refunds (net of interest paid under Section 220) in the amount of Rs.50.14 lacs.   In these circumstances, it was submitted that there was no failure on the part of the assessee to fully and truly disclose all the material facts necessary for assessment and as a matter of fact there was  a specific disclosure of the fact that the amount of Rs.50.14 lacs represented interest on tax refund net of interest paid under Section 220. 5. On the other hand it was urged on behalf of the Revenue that   the   Assessing   Officer   had   not   specifically   noticed   that   the assessee had set off the amount received on account of interest under Section 244­A with the amount payable on account of interest under Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Section 220 and that being the position it was open to the Assessing Officer to exercise his juri iction under Section 148  even beyond the period of four years.    Reliance  in this  regard was placed on the judgment of a Division Bench of this Court in Dr. Amin’s Pathology Laboratory   v.   Joint   Commissioner   of   Income   Tax1. Counsel appearing on behalf of the Revenue urged that in view of Explanation 1 to Section 147, the mere production before  the Assessing Officer of the books of accounts or other evidence from which material evidence could have been discovered with due diligence    by the Assessing Officer     will   not   necessarily   amount   to   a   disclosure   within   the meaning of the proviso to Section 147. 6. The material on the record before the Court shows that in the statement of total income the assessee had disclosed an interest income of Rs.50.14 lacs as income from other sources.  In the note appended   to   the   statement   of   computation,   under   the   heading ‘interest   income’   the  assessee  stated  that  this   represented  interest received under Section 244­A of the Income Tax Act, 1961 net of (2001) 252 ITR 673 (Bom.) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 interest   paid   under   Section   220,     based   on   the   ratio   of   certain judgments to which it may not be necessary to refer at this stage.  As noted earlier, during the course of the assessment proceedings the Assessing Officer called the assessee by his letter dated 20th December, 2004 to explain with details the interest of Rs.4.91  Crores which was credited to the interest and expenditure account.     Details of the interest received were sought together with an explanation for the shortfall in the current year as opposed to the earlier year.   The assessee in its reply dated 28th December, 2004 annexed a statement containing details of interest income earned during Assessment Year 2003­04. Serial   No.6  of  the  statement contained  a  disclosure   of interest on tax refund which was described as being net of interest paid under Section 220. Thus, it is evident that  during the course of the assessment proceedings not merely was there  a full disclosure by the assessee of the material fact that the interest income of Rs.50.14 lacs   represented   the   difference   between   interest   received   under Section   244­A   and   interest   paid   under   Section   220   but,   that   in addition the attention of the Assessing Officer was also specifically Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 brought to bear on this aspect following the query which was raised on 20th December, 2004. In these circumstances, it cannot be stated that there was a failure on the part of the assessee to fully and truly disclose all the material facts relating to the assessment.

7.

Explanation 1 to Section 147  provides that the production before the Assessing Officer of account books or other evidence from which   material   evidence   could   with   due   diligence   have   been discovered by the Assessing Officer will not necessarily amount to a disclosure within the meaning of the proviso to Section 147. What Explanation 1 in essence ensures is that the duty which is cast upon the assessee to make a full and true disclosure of all material facts cannot be obviated merely by the production of account books or other evidence from which, by a line of enquiry, material evidence could   be   discovered   by   the   Assessing   Officer.     The   essential   and primary duty to make a full disclosure of material facts is that  of the assessee and the burden to disclose is cast upon the assessee.   The assessee cannot excuse his failure to make a full and true disclosure Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 by positing that had the Assessing Officer exercised his juri iction with due diligence, he could have discovered material evidence from the account books or other evidence which has been produced before him.   This is, however, not a case where the assessee had merely produced its books of account or other evidence from which material evidence could have been gathered by the Assessing Officer with due diligence. In the reasons which have been disclosed  by the Assessing Officer, there is no statement to the effect that there was a failure by the assessee to disclose fully and truly all the material facts pertaining to the assessment.  There was, as a matter of fact, a full disclosure by the assessee of all the material facts and as noted earlier the attention of the Assessing Officer was specifically brought to bear on the fact that   the   interest   income   of   Rs.50.14   lacs     constituted   the   net difference between interest received under Section 244­A and interest paid under Section 220(2).

8.

Hence,   the   condition   precedent   to   the   exercise   of   the juri iction to reopen the assessment beyond a period of four years, Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 when an assessment has been completed under Section 143(3) has not been fulfilled.  The condition precedent as spelt out in the proviso to Section 147 is that the income must have escaped assessment by the failure of the assessee to fully and truly disclose all material facts necessary   for   assessment   for   that   Assessment   Year.     Absent compliance with the statutory condition precedent,  the reopening of the assessment cannot be sustained.   The judgment of the Division Bench in the case of  Dr. Amin’s Pathology Laboratory  (supra) is distinguishable.   In that case, the assessee had been following the accrual system of accounting for all items of expenditure except for all collections which were on cash basis.  The Division Bench observed that a reading of the assessment order showed that the Assessing Officer failed to notice an important item viz. an amount of Rs.6.70 lacs which represented  unpaid purchases.  It was in this context that the Division Bench observed that the mere production of the balance sheet, Profit & Loss Account or account books would not necessarily amount to a disclosure within the meaning of the proviso.  The facts in   that   case   showed   that   the   Assessing   Officer   had   inadvertently Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 overlooked   an   entry   representing   unpaid   purchases   in   respect   of which he had wrongly granted a reduction and at the time when he passed the original order of assessment, he could not be said to have opined on that item.  These were the distinguishing facts in that case.

9.

Apart from the fact that there has been no failure on the part of the assessee to make a full and true disclosure of all material facts, it will be necessary to advert to the decision of the Supreme Court in   Harshad Shantilal   Mehta v. Custodian2  The Supreme Court, in the course of its judgment observed that under the Income Tax Act, 1961 the definition of tax under Section 2(43) does not include penalty or interest and that the concepts of tax, penalty and interest are different concepts under the Act.  Justice Sujata Manohar speaking for a Bench of three Learned Judges of the   Supreme Court observed thus : “We are concerned in the present case with penalty and interest under the Income­tax Act. Tax, penalty and interest are   different   concepts   under   the   Income­tax   Act.     The definition of “tax” under section 2(43) does not include penalty   or   interest.     Similarly,   under   section   156,   it   is (1998) 231 ITR 871. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 provided that when any tax, interest, penalty, fine or any of other sum is payable in consequence of any order passed under this Act, the Assessing Officer shall serve upon the assessee a notice of demand as prescribed.  The provisions for imposition of penalty and interest are distinct from the provisions for imposition of tax.”

10.

The decision of the Supreme Court was delivered in an appeal   which   arose   out   of   the   Special   Court   (Trial   of   Offences Relating to Transaction in Securities) Act, 1992. The interpretation which has been placed on the provisions of Section 2(43) and the observations of the Supreme Court noted earlier, however, bind this Court   as   regards   the   ground   on   which   the   reopening   of   the assessment has been sought in this case.

11.

In the circumstances, the rule is made absolute by setting aside the notice dated 4th February, 2009. There shall be no order as to costs.

(Dr. D.Y.Chandrachud, J.)

(J.P. Devadhar, J.) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

More judgments on Section 148

All 35,022 judgments and leading authorities on Section 148 →

Recent GST High Court judgments

Search GST case law →