THE COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX -8 MUMBAI vs. M/S. GEM PLUS JEWELLERY INDIA LTD

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ITXA/2426/2009HC Bombay23 June 2010Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE DR. D.Y. CHANDRACHUD, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE J.P. DEVADHAR17 pages
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What did the High Court hold?

The Tribunal held that for computing the deduction under Section 10A, freight and insurance should be excluded from the total turnover. This was based on the reasoning that the expression 'export turnover' as defined in Explanation (2) to Section 10A specifically excludes freight and insurance, and for the formula in Section 10A(4) to be comparable, both the numerator (export turnover) and denominator (total turnover) should be treated consistently. The Tribunal also held that the addition to business profits arising from the disallowance of employer's and employee's PF/ESIC contributions under Sections 43B and 36(v) respectively should be included in the base for calculating the Section 10A deduction, as there was no statutory provision to the contrary. Questions concerning the treatment of interest income for Section 80HHC were decided against the assessee based on a prior High Court judgment. Regarding foreign exchange gains on export receipts, the Tribunal upheld the assessee's position, following High Court precedents that such gains arising from fluctuations during the export transaction are includible in the year of export for Section 10A purposes, distinguishing the Revenue's cited case where fluctuations occurred after the export transaction was complete and proceeds were in an EEFC account. The appeal was disposed of accordingly.

What were the facts?

The Revenue appealed against an order of the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) concerning Assessment Year 2003-04. The appeal raised several questions of law regarding the computation of deductions under Section 10A and Section 80HHC of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The core disputes involved the inclusion or exclusion of freight and insurance in total turnover for Section 10A, the treatment of enhanced income due to disallowance of PF/ESIC contributions for Section 10A, the classification of interest income for Section 80HHC, and the treatment of foreign exchange gains on export receipts. The ITAT had made specific findings on each of these points, which the Revenue sought to challenge.

What were the issues?

1. Whether, for computing exemption under Section 10A, freight and insurance should be excluded from total turnover. The Revenue argued they should be excluded from export turnover but not necessarily total turnover. The assessee contended that since export turnover, a component of total turnover, excludes them, total turnover should also exclude them for comparability. The Tribunal held that freight and insurance have no profit element and should be excluded from total turnover. 2. Whether, for Section 10A exemption, assessed income enhanced due to disallowance of employer's and employee's PF/ESIC contributions should be considered. The Revenue argued against its inclusion. The assessee contended that such disallowance increases business profits, which are the base for the Section 10A formula. The Tribunal ruled in favor of the assessee. 3. Whether interest income should be treated as business income for Section 80HHC deduction. Both parties agreed this issue was covered by a previous High Court judgment in favour of the Revenue. 4. Whether net interest, not gross interest, should be considered for exclusion under Explanation (baa) to Section 80HHC. Both parties agreed this issue was covered by a previous High Court judgment in favour of the Revenue. 5. Whether foreign exchange gains on export receipts should be included in the year of export for Section 10A exemption. The Tribunal directed inclusion in the year of export, excluding it from later years to avoid double deduction. The Revenue argued against it, citing a distinguishable case. The assessee relied on other High Court judgments.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 10A,Section 80HHC,Section 43B,Section 36(v),Section 2(24)(x)

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Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
1  IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY O. O. C. J. INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.2426 OF 2009 The Commissioner of Income Tax­8 ..Appellant. Vs. M/s. Gem Plus Jewellery India Ltd. ..Respondent. .... Ms Suchitra Kamble for the Appellant. Ms Arti Vissanji  with Mr. S.J. Mehta for the Respondent. ..... CORAM : DR.D.Y.CHANDRACHUD &        J.P.DEVADHAR, JJ.        23 June 2010.

ORAL JUDGMENT (Per. DR.D.Y.CHANDRACHUD, J.) :

1.

Admit.     On   the   request   of   counsel   for   the   Revenue   and counsel for the assessee, the appeal is taken up for final hearing.

2.

This   appeal   by   the   Revenue   under   Section   260­A   of   the Income Tax Act, 1961 pertains to Assessment Year 2003­04 and the following questions of law have been formulated in support of the appeal : CNR No : HCBM020078732009 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 “a. Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was justified in holding that the exemption u/s.10A   of   the   Act   should   be   computed   after   excluding freight and insurance from the total turnover; b. Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was justified in directing the Assessing Officer to grant the exemption u/s.10A of the Act on the assessed income, which was enhanced due to disallowance of employer’s as well as employee’s contribution towards PF / ESIC; c. Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was justified in upholding the stand of the CIT(A) in treating the interest income as business income and   interest   income   should   be   taken   for   the   purpose   of deduction claimed u/s. 80HHC of the I.T. Act, 1961; d. Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was justified in upholding the stand of the CIT(A) considering the net interest and not gross interest for the purposes of exclusion under clause (baa) of Explanation to Section 80HHC of the I.T. Act, 1961; e. Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was justified in directing the Assessing Officer to grant exemption u/s. 10A on foreign exchange gain earned on realization of export receipts in  the year of export and to exclude the gains on sales of earlier years from the profits of the year under consideration and allow in those years;” Re Question a :

3.

According to the Revenue the exemption under Section 10A Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 is liable to be computed after excluding freight and insurance from the total turnover.   The Commissioner (Appeals) affirmed the view of the Assessing Officer  and held that Section 10A does not define turnover and that in the circumstances, the Assessing Officer was correct   in   not   reducing   insurance   and   freight   from   the   total turnover while computing the deduction under Section 10A.   In appeal the Tribunal held that (i) The expression “total turnover” has not been defined in Section 10A; (ii) Profits derived from export have to be computed by taking into consideration both the export turnover and total turnover of the business carried on by the undertaking; (iii) Both the export turnover and total turnover which   constitute   the   numerator   and   denominator   in   the application of the formula under sub section (4) of Section 10A should be comparable;   and (iv) Freight and insurance have no element   of   profit   and   hence,   cannot   be   included   in   the   total turnover of the business carried on by the industrial undertaking. The Tribunal accordingly directed that the deduction under Section 10A should be computed after excluding freight and insurance from the total turnover.  It is this finding of the Tribunal which is Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 questioned by the Revenue in  appeal.

4.

Under sub section (1) of Section 10A a deduction is allowed from the total income of the assessee of such profits and gains as are derived by an undertaking from the export of articles or things or computer software for a period of ten consecutive assessment years   commencing   from   the   assessment   year   relevant   to   the previous year in which the undertaking begins manufacture or production.  Sub section (4) of Section 10A provides the manner in which the profits derived from the export of articles or things or computer software shall be computed.  Sub section (4) provides as follows : “For the purposes of sub sections (1) and (1A), the profits derived   from   export   of   articles   or   things   or   computer software  shall be the amount which bears to the profits of the business of the undertaking, the same proportion as the export   turnover   in   respect   of   such   articles   or   things   or computer   software   bears   to   the   total   turnover     of   the business carried on by the undertaking.”

5.

Under sub section (4) the proportion between the export turnover in respect of the articles or things, or as the case may be, Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 computer software exported, to the total turnover of the business carried over by the undertaking is applied to the profits of the business of the undertaking in computing the profits derived from export.     In   other   words,   the   profits   of   the   business   of   the undertaking are multiplied by the export turnover in respect of the articles, things or, as the case may be, computer software and divided by the total turnover of the business carried on by the undertaking.  The  formula which is prescribed by sub section (4) of Section 10A is as follows : Profits derived from export of articles or things or computer software   = Profits of the business export turnover in respect of the undertaking X   of the articles or things or computer software ____________________________________________________ divided by total turnover of the business carried on by the undertaking. The total turnover of the business carried on by the undertaking would consist of the turnover from export and the turnover from local sales.  The export turnover constitutes the numerator in the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 formula prescribed by sub section (4). Export turnover also forms a constituent element of the denominator inasmuch as the export turnover is a part of the total turnover.

6.

The export turnover, in the numerator must have the same meaning as the export turnover  which is a constituent element of the   total   turnover   in   the   denominator.     The   legislature   has provided   a   definition   of   the   expression   “export   turnover”   in Explanation (2) to Section 10A by which the expression is defined to mean the consideration in respect of export by the undertaking of articles, things or computer software received in or brought into India by the assessee in convertible foreign exchange but so as not to   include   inter   alia   freight,   telecommunication   charges   or insurance attributable to the delivery  of  the articles,  things  or software   outside   India.     Therefore   in   computing   the   export turnover the legislature has made a specific exclusion of freight and insurance charges.

7.

The   submission   which   has   been   urged   on   behalf   of   the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Revenue is that while freight and insurance charges are liable to be excluded in computing export turnover, a similar exclusion has not been provided in regard to total turnover.  The submission of the Revenue,   however,   misses   the   point   that   the   expression   “total turnover”   has   not   been   defined   at   all   by   Parliament   for   the purposes   of   Section   10A.     However,   the   expression   “export turnover” has been defined.   The definition of “export turnover” excludes freight and insurance.   Since export turnover has been defined by Parliament and there is a specific exclusion of freight and insurance, the expression “export turnover” cannot have a different meaning when it forms a constituent part of the total turnover   for   the   purposes   of   the   application   of   the   formula. Undoubtedly, it was open to Parliament to make a provision to the contrary.     However,   no  such   provision   having  been   made,   the principle   which   has   been   enunciated  earlier   must   prevail  as   a matter of correct statutory interpretation.  Any other interpretation would lead to an absurdity.  If the contention of the Revenue were to be accepted, the same expression viz. ‘export turnover’ would have   a   different   connotation     in   the   application   of   the   same Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 formula.  The submission of the Revenue would lead to a situation where   freight   and   insurance,   though   it   has   been   specifically excluded   from     “export   turnover”   for   the   purposes   of   the numerator would be brought in  as part of the “export turnover” when it forms an element of the total turnover as a denominator in the formula.  A construction of a statutory provision which would lead to an absurdity must  be avoided.

8.

The view which we have taken is consistent with the view which was taken, though in the context of Section 80HHC, by a Division Bench of this Court in Commissioner of Income Tax v. Sudarshan Chemicals Industries Ltd.1  In Sudarshan Chemicals the question of law that fell for decision was whether sales tax and excise   duty   ought   to   be   included   in   the   total   turnover   while working   out   the   deduction   under   Section   80HHC.     For   the purposes of Section 80HHC, clause (b) of sub section (3) provides that the profits derived from export shall be computed in terms of the proportion between the export turnover  to the total turnover (2000) 245 ITR 769. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 as applied to the profits of business.   Hon’ble Mr. Justice S.H. Kapadia (as the Learned Chief Justice then was ) speaking for  a Division Bench of this Court did not accept the contention of the Revenue that since the legislature had excluded only insurance and freight from the total turnover, it was not open to the assessee to contend that excise duty and sales tax should also be excluded. In that context, the Division Bench observed that the meaning of export turnover in clause (b) of the Explanation to Section 80HHC showed that export turnover did not include excise duty and sales tax.  The Division Bench observed that the export turnover is the numerator   in   the   formula   whereas   the   total   turnover   is   the denominator.   The formula having been prescribed to arrive at profits from exports, sales tax and excise duty could not form part of the total turnover.  If the denominator were to include those two items and the numerator excluded them, the formula (noted the Division Bench), would become unworkable.  In the circumstances, the Division Bench held that while ascertaining the export profits, excise duty and sales tax could not be introduced to inflate the total turnover artificially in order to reduce the benefit to which Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 the assessee is entitled.  The  decision of the Division Bench of this Court   in  Sudarshan  Chemical   Industries  has  been  cited  with approval by the Supreme Court in Commissioner of Income Tax v. Lakshmi Machine Works2. The same view has been taken by the   Supreme   Court   in  Commissioner   of   Income   Tax   v. Catapharma   (India) Pvt. Ltd.3   in which the decision of the Division Bench in Sudarshan Chemical Industries  has also been adverted to.

9.

Moreover,  a receipt such as freight and insurance which does not have any element of profit cannot be included in the total turnover. In Lakshmi Machine Works (supra)  the Supreme Court held that excise duty and sales tax did not possess any element of turnover since they are merely recoverable by the assessee on behalf of the Government.

10.

Freight and insurance do not have an element of turnover. For this reason in addition, these two items would have to be 2 (2007) 290 ITR 667 (SC).

(2007) 292 ITR 641 (SC). Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 excluded from the total turnover particularly in the absence of a legislative prescription to the contrary.  The first question of law would therefore have to be answered against the Revenue and in favour of the assessee. Re Question b :

11.

For the purposes of the appeal it is necessary to refer to the admitted position which is that the assessee had deposited both the employer’s and the employees’ contribution towards Provident Fund and ESIC, though beyond the due date including the grace period.  The Assessing Officer added these payments to the total income of the assessee and made an addition in the amount of Rs. 71.59 lacs.   However, for the deduction under Section 10A, the addition   made   on   account   of   the   employees’   contribution   was ignored in calculating the profits eligible for deduction on the ground   that   these   receipts   were   not   generated   out   of   the manufacturing activity of the assessee company.

12.

By   reason   of   the   judgment   of   the   Supreme   Court   in Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Commissioner of Income Tax v. Alom Extrusions Limited4   the employer’s   contribution   was   liable   to  be   allowed,   since   it   was deposited by the due date for the filing of the return.  The peculiar position, however, as it obtains in the present case arises out of the fact that the disallowance which was effected by the Assessing Officer has not, the Court is informed, been challenged by the assessee.     As   a   matter   of   fact   the   question   of   law   which   is formulated by the Revenue proceeds on the basis that the  assessed income was enhanced due to the disallowance of the employer’s as well as the employees’ contribution towards Provident Fund /ESIC and the only question which is canvassed on behalf of the Revenue is whether on that basis the Tribunal was justified in directing the Assessing Officer to grant the exemption under Section 10A.  On this position, in the present case it cannot be disputed  that the net consequence   of   the   disallowance   of   the   employer’s   and   the employee’s contribution is that the business profits have to that extent been enhanced.  There was, as we have already noted, an add back by the Assessing Officer to the income.  All profits of the (2009) 319 ITR 306 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 unit of the assessee have been derived from manufacturing activity. The salaries paid by the assessee, it has not been disputed, relate to the manufacturing activity.  The disallowance of the Provident Fund/ ESIC payments has been made because of the statutory provisions – Section 43B in the case of the employer’s contribution and Section 36(v) read with Section 2(24)(x) in the case of the employee’s contribution which has been deemed to be the income of the assessee.   The plain consequence of the disallowance and the add back that has been made by the Assessing Officer is an increase in the business profits of the assessee.  The contention of the Revenue that in computing the deduction under Section 10A the addition made on account of the disallowance of the Provident Fund / ESIC payments ought to be ignored cannot be accepted. No statutory provision to that effect having been made, the plain consequence of the disallowance made by the Assessing Officer must   follow.     The   second   question   shall   accordingly   stand answered against the Revenue and in favour  of the assessee. Re Questions c and d :

13.

Counsel appearing on behalf of the Revenue and counsel Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 appearing on behalf of the assessee are agreed in stating that these two questions of law will stand covered in favour of the Revenue and  against  the  assessee  by  the  judgment   of   this   Court  dated 18/19 March 2010 in Commissioner of Income Tax v. Asian Star Company Limited (ITA 200 of 2009).  Both these questions of  law are accordingly answered in the negative in favour of the Revenue and against the assessee. Re Question e

:

14.

The Tribunal has followed a decision of its Special Bench in coming to the conclusion that foreign exchange earned on the realization of export receipts in a year other than the year in which the goods were exported would have to be considered in the year of export for the purpose of exemption under Section 80HHC.  The Tribunal   has,   however,   directed   the   Assessing   Officer,   while granting a deduction to the assessee under Section 10A in the year of export to  exclude the amount from the profits of the year under consideration simultaneously.  This is to ensure that the assessee does not obtain a deduction twice over. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020

15.

For the purposes  of the appeal it has not been disputed on behalf of the Revenue that the foreign exchange was realized by the assessee within the period stipulated in law.   The assessee realized   a   larger   amount   because   of   a   foreign   exchange fluctuation.   The fact that this forms part of the sale proceeds would have to be accepted in view of the judgment of  the Division Bench of this Court in  Commissioner of Income Tax v. Amber Export (India) (ITA 1249 of 2007 decided on 18 February 2009). The judgment of this Court in turn followed the decision of the Gujarat High Court in  Commissioner of Income Tax v. Amba Impex5. The sole ground which has been urged on behalf of the Revenue in support of the appeal   on this issue is based on the judgment of a Division Bench of this Court in  Commissioner of Income Tax v. Shah Originals  (ITA 431 of 2008 decided on 22 April   2010).     The   decision   in  Shah   Originals  is,   however, distinguishable for the reason that the foreign fluctuation in that case arose  after  the export transaction   had been completed and (2006) 282 ITR 144 (Guj) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 after the export profits were deposited by the assessee in an EEFC Account.  This is evident from the following observations : “The   assessee   admittedly   in   the   present   case received the entire proceeds of the export transaction. The  Reserve   Bank  of  India,   has  granted  a  facility  to certain   categories   of   exporters   to   maintain   a   certain proportion of the export proceeds in an EEFC Account. The   proceeds   of   the   account   are   to   be   utilized   for bonafide payments by the account holder subject to the limits and the conditions prescribed.  An assessee who is an exporter is not under an obligation of law to maintain the export proceeds in the EEFC Account but, this is a facility which is made available by the Reserve Bank. The   transaction   of   export   is   complete   in   all   respects upon the repatriation of the proceeds.  It lies within the discretion   of   the   exporter   as   to   whether   the   export proceeds should be received in a rupee equivalent in the entirety or whether a portion should be maintained in convertible foreign exchange in the EEFC Account.  The exchange   fluctuation   that   arises,   it   must   be emphasized,   is   after   the   export   transaction   is complete   and   payment   has   been   received   by   the exporter.     Upon   the   completion   of   the   export transaction, what the seller does with the proceeds, upon repatriation, is a matter of his option.   The exchange fluctuation in the EEFC Account arises after the completion of the export activity and does not bear a proximate and direct nexus with the export transaction   so   as   to   fall   within   the   expression “derived”   by   the   assessee   in   sub   section   (1)   of Section 80HHC.”  (emphasis supplied) In the present case, the assessee has realized a larger amount in Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 terms of Indian rupees as a result of a foreign exchange fluctuation that   took   place   in   the   course   of   the   export   transaction.

16.

For the aforesaid reasons, the question of law is answered against   the   Revenue   and   in   favour   of   the   assessee.

The   appeal   shall   accordingly   stand   disposed   of   in   the aforesaid terms. There shall be no order as to costs. (Dr. D.Y. Chandrachud, J.) (J.P. Devadhar, J.) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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