THE COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX - 1 MUMBAI vs. LIFE INSURANCE CORPORATION OF INDIA

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ITXA/3623/2010HC Bombay02 August 2011Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE J.P. DEVADHAR, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE A.A. SAYED8 pages
AI SummaryDismissed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the provision for solvency margin, made as per IRDA directions, constituted an ascertained liability and was required to be set apart as per regulations. Therefore, it was liable to be excluded while computing the actuarial valuation surplus. The Revenue did not contend that this provision was contrary to the Insurance Act, 1938, or wrongly calculated. Thus, the Tribunal's decision to exclude these funds was upheld. Regarding the Jeevan Suraksha Fund, the Court held that while its income is exempt under Section 10(23AAB), the fund itself continues to be part of the insurance business governed by Section 44. The loss incurred in this fund was considered a business loss by the actuary and allowable under Section 44 read with the First Schedule. The insertion of Section 10(23AAB) was to promote insurance business by exempting income, not to exclude the fund from the purview of insurance business. Therefore, the loss incurred from the pension fund had to be excluded while determining the actuarial valuation surplus. Questions (a), (b), (c), and (d) were answered in the affirmative, in favour of the assessee.

What were the facts?

The appeals by the Revenue challenge the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal's deletion of additions made by the Assessing Officer. The assessee, Life Insurance Corporation of India, engaged in life insurance business, computed its actuarial valuation surplus by excluding a provision for solvency margin of Rs. 3,500 crores and a loss of Rs. 638.33 crores from the Jeevan Suraksha Fund. The Assessing Officer disallowed these exclusions, treating the solvency margin as an unascertained liability and the Jeevan Suraksha Fund loss as non-deductible due to its income being exempt under Section 10(23AAB). The CIT(A) upheld the AO's additions. The Tribunal, however, deleted these additions, leading to the present appeals by the Revenue for assessment years including 2002-03.

What were the issues?

1. Whether, on the facts and in law, the Tribunal was justified in deleting the addition on account of the provision for solvency margin, made as per IRDA directives for three years, when it does not form part of the actuarial valuation under the Insurance Act, 1938 (Section 44 read with First Schedule)? 2. Whether, on the facts and in law, the Tribunal was right in deleting the addition on account of the provision for solvency margin, which was not an ascertained liability eligible for deduction? 3. Whether, on the facts and in law, the Tribunal was justified in deleting the addition on account of loss from Jeevan Suraksha Fund, ignoring that income includes loss and that income from this fund is exempt under Section 10(23AAB) (Section 44 read with First Schedule)? 4. Whether, on the facts and in law, the Tribunal was justified in ignoring that the non-obstante clause in Section 44 is not extended to Section 10(23AAB)? Assessee's Contentions: The provision for solvency margin, made as per IRDA directions, constitutes an ascertained liability and is excludible from actuarial valuation surplus. The loss from Jeevan Suraksha Fund, though its income is exempt, is a business loss to be considered in actuarial valuation under Section 44 read with the First Schedule. Revenue's Contentions: The provision for solvency margin is an unascertained liability. Income from Jeevan Suraksha Fund is exempt under Section 10(23AAB), therefore, losses from this fund cannot be adjusted against taxable income. The non-obstante clause in Section 44 does not extend to Section 10(23AAB).

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 44,Section 10(23AAB),Section 260A,Section 64(VA)

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Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
1 itxa3693-09-jud agk            IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.3693 OF 2010 AND INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.3623 OF 2010 AND INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.3691 OF 2010 AND INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.3692 OF 2010 AND INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.5001 OF 2010 Commissioner of Income Tax – 1, Aayakar Bhavan, M.K. Road, Mumbai – 400 020 ..Appellant. Versus Life Insurance Corporation of India Limited, Central Office, ‘Yogakshema’, Jeevan Bima Marg, Mumbai – 400 021 ..Respondent. Mr.Vimal Gupta for the appellant. Mr. F.V. Irani with Mr.Atul K. Jasani for the respondent. CORAM : J.P. Devadhar &       A.A. Sayed, JJ.    DATE    : 2nd August, 2011 CNR No : HCBM020093752010 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 05:00:33 2 itxa3693-09-jud

ORAL JUDGMENT : (Per : J.P. Devadhar, J.)

1.

Since   the   questions   of   law   raised   in   all   these   appeals   are common,   all   these   appeals   are   heard   together   and   disposed   off   by   this common judgment.

2.

For the sake of convenience, we set out the facts in Tax Appeal No.3693 of 2010, which relates to AY 2002­03. 3. Tax   Appeal   No.3693   of   2010   is   admitted   on   the   following substantial questions of law:­ (a) Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case and in law the Tribunal was justified in deleting the addition made on account of provision of solvency margin by the Assessing Officer even though the provision for solvency margin was made as per the directive of IRDA for a period of three years only and does not form the method of actuarial valuation made in accordance with the Insurance Act, 1938 ? (b) Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case and in law the Tribunal was right in deleting the addition made on account of provision on solvency margin by the Assessing Officer which was not an ascertained liability eligible for deduction ? (c) Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case and in law the Tribunal was justified in deleting the addition made by the Assessing Officer on account of loss from Jeevan Suraksha Fund ignoring the settled position of law that income includes loss and that the income from Jeevan Suraksha Fund does not form part of the total income of the Assessee Corporation u/s. 10(23AAB) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 ? (d) Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case the Tribunal was justified in ignoring the fact that the non obstante clause in section 44 is not extended to section 10(23AAB) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 ? Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Counsel  for  the  parties  state  that   the  decision  on  the  above questions would apply to the other tax appeals as well.

4.

The assessee is engaged in the Life Insurance Business.   The profits and gains of insurance business are liable to be computed as per Section 44 read with the First Schedule to the Income Tax Act, 1961. 5. In the revised return of income filed for the assessment year in question, the actuarial valuation surplus was computed by excluding the provision for reserve on account of solvency margin amounting to Rs.3,500 crores and loss in Jeevan Suraksha Fund amounting to Rs.638.33 crores.

6.

The Assessing Officer disallowed the claim of the assessee and passed   the   assessment   order   by   adding   the   amount   on   account   of   the provision for solvency margin and loss from Jeevan Suraksha Fund, inter alia on the ground that the provision for solvency margin was not an ascertained liability and that income from Jeevan Suraksha Fund being exempt under Section 10(23AAB), the loss incurred from the said fund cannot be adjusted against the taxable income.

7.

On appeal filed by the assessee, the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) confirmed the additions made by the Assessing Officer.

8.

On further appeal filed by the assessee, the Income Tax Appellate Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Tribunal by the impugned order deleted the said additions.   Hence, the revenue has filed these appeals under Section 260A of the Income Tax Act, 1961. 9. As regards questions (a) and (b) are concerned, it is not in dispute that the provision for solvency margin was made as per the directions given   by   the  Insurance  Development   Regulatory   Authority   (IRDA).    The question is, whether such provision for solvency margin made as per the directions of IRDA constitutes unascertained liability so as to include the same in the actuarial valuation surplus ?

10.

Rule 2 of the First Schedule to the Income Tax Act, 1961 reads thus : “Computation of profits of life insurance business.

2.

The profits and gains of life insurance business shall be taken to be the annual average of the surplus arrived at by adjusting the surplus or deficit disclosed by the   actuarial   valuation   made   in   accordance   with   the Insurance Act, 1938 (4 of 1938), in respect of the last inter­valuation period ending before the commencement of the assessment year, so as to exclude from it any surplus or deficit included therein which was made in any earlier inter­valuation period.”

11.

Plain reading of the above rule makes it clear that the annual average of the surplus from the insurance business has to be arrived at by adjusting the surplus or deficit disclosed by the actuarial valuation made in Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 accordance with the Insurance Act, 1938. 12. In the present case, the Chairman of IRDA by his letter dated 4th September 2002 had directed that the present solvency calculations of the assessee do not conform to the requirements of the regulations that have been stipulated by the Regulatory Authority.  It was further directed that the deficiency in the solvency margin was to the extent of Rs.10,000 crores and that the assessee was directed to set right the said deficiency over a period of three years by making a provision which shall be kept apart in the policy­ holders   fund   and   no   part   of   the   said   provision   would   be   available   for distribution   either   to   the   policy­holders   or   to   the   Government   of   India. Accordingly, the assessee had set apart Rs.3,500 crores towards solvency margin in the assessment year in question.

13.

The   Income   Tax   Appellate   Tribunal   after   considering   various decisions of the Apex Court as also, this Court and Section 64(VA) of the Insurance Act, 1938 held that the amounts set apart towards the solvency margin as per the directions given by the IRDA were ascertained liability which were required to be set apart as per the regulations framed by IRDA and hence liable to be excluded while computing the actuarial valuation surplus.

14.

It   is   neither   the   case   of   the   Revenue   that   the   provision   for solvency margin is contrary to the provisions of the Insurance Act, 1938 nor Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 it is the case of the Revenue that the solvency margin has been wrongly or excessively calculated by the actuarial as it was mandatory for the assessee to set apart the funds towards solvency margin and hence excludible while determining the annual average surplus under Section 44 read with the Rules contained in the First Schedule to the Income Tax Act, 1961. In these circumstances, the decision of the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal in holding that   the  funds  set   apart   as  solvency   margin  have   to   be  excluded  while determining   the   distributable   profits   of   the   assessee   cannot   be   faulted. Accordingly, questions (a) and (b) are answered in the affirmative, that is, in favour of the assessee and against the revenue.

15.

As regard questions (c) and (d) are concerned, the dispute is whether the loss incurred by the assessee from Jeevan Suraksha Fund is liable to be excluded in computing the actuarial valuation surplus in view of the fact that the income from Jeevan Suraksha Fund is exempt under Section 10(23AAB) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. 16. The   argument   of   the   Revenue   is   that   with   the   insertion   of Section 10(23AAB) by Finance (No.2) Act, 1996 with effect from 1st  April 1997, the profits as well as loss arising from Jeevan Suraksha Fund would not be includible in the total income of the assessee and, therefore, while determining the distributable profits of the assessee, the loss from Jeevan Suraksha Fund ought not to be allowed to be adjusted against the taxable income. Uploaded on - 21/08/2020

17.

It is not in dispute that the Jeevan Suraksha Fund is a pension fund  approved  by   the   Controller   of   Insurance   appointed   by   the   Central Government to perform the duties of the Controller of Insurance under the Insurance Act, 1938. The loss incurred in the Jeevan Suraksha Fund has been considered by the actuary as a business loss, as per the valuation report as on the last day of the financial year, allowable under Section 44 read with the First Schedule to the Income Tax Act, 1961. The fact that the income from such fund has been exempted under Section 10(23AAB) with effect from 1st  April 1997, does not mean that the pension fund ceases to be insurance business, so as to fall outside the purview of the insurance business covered under Section 44 of the Income Tax Act, 1961. In other words, the pension fund like Jeevan Suraksha Fund would continue to be governed by the provisions of Section 44 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 irrespective of the fact that the income from such fund are exempted, or not.  Therefore, while determining   the   surplus   from   the   insurance   business,   the   actuary   was justified in taking into consideration the loss incurred under Jeevan Suraksha Fund.

18.

The object of inserting Section 10(23AAB) as per the Board Circular No.762 dated 18th February 1998 was to enable the assessee to offer attractive terms to the contributors.   Thus, the object of inserting Section 10(23AAB)   was   not   with   a   view   to   treat   the   pension   fund   like   Jeevan Suraksha Fund outside the purview of insurance business but to promote Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 insurance business by exempting the income from such fund.  Therefore, in the  facts  of  the  present  case,   the  decision  of  the  Income  Tax  Appellate Tribunal in holding that even after insertion of Section 10(23AAB), the loss incurred   from   the   pension   fund   like   Jeevan   Suraksha   Fund   had   to   be excluded   while   determining   the   actuarial   valuation   surplus   from   the insurance business under Section 44 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 cannot be faulted.     Accordingly, questions (c) and (d) are answered in the affirmative, that is, in favour of the assessee and against the Revenue.

20.

In the result, all the appeals are dismissed with no order as to costs. (A.A. Sayed, J.) (J.P. Devadhar, J.) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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