HIRANANDANI FOUNDATION vs. JT. DIRECTOR OF INCOME TAX AND ORS.

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WP/1045/2013HC Bombay12 August 2013Author: HON'BLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE M.S. SANKLECHA15 pages
AI SummaryDismissed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the Assessing Officer had properly exercised jurisdiction to order a special audit under Section 142(2A) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, even under the unamended provision. The Commissioner of Income Tax, in his approval, recorded sufficient satisfaction that, considering the nature and complexity of the assessee's accounts and the interests of revenue, a special audit was necessary. The Court noted that the Chief Commissioner had sufficient material to reach this satisfaction. The Court also observed that this was not a case of minor non-compliance that could be overlooked. The amendment to Section 142(2A) by the Finance Act, 2013, which explicitly includes factors like volume of accounts and doubts about correctness, was considered but deemed unnecessary for deciding the present case, as the unamended provision was adequately applied. The Court found no reason to interfere with the Assessing Officer's order. The petition was dismissed.

What were the facts?

The petitioner, Hiranandani Foundation, a trust registered under Section 12A of the Income Tax Act, 1961, engaged in education and medical treatment, filed its return for Assessment Year 2010-11 declaring nil taxable income. The trust operates multiple entities with a turnover exceeding Rs. 100 Crores. During scrutiny assessment, the Assessing Officer (Joint Director of Income Tax, Exemption) was not satisfied with the petitioner's accounts, citing non-disclosure of related party transactions, accounting policies, and pharmacy income. A show cause notice was issued for special audit under Section 142(2A). The petitioner responded, but the Assessing Officer, not satisfied, proposed a special audit to the Commissioner of Income Tax. The Commissioner, after a personal hearing, approved the proposal, finding the special audit necessary. Consequently, the Assessing Officer issued an order on March 30, 2013, directing a special audit by M/s. Chokshi & Chokshi, Chartered Accountants.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the Assessing Officer could invoke Section 142(2A) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, for special audit without examining the petitioner's books of accounts to establish complexity? (Question of law) 2. Whether the impugned order directing special audit is unsustainable due to lack of findings on account complexity? 3. Whether doubts about the correctness of accounts can be equated with complexity, and if not, could the Assessing Officer have resorted to best judgment assessment under Section 144? 4. Whether the appointment of a special auditor at the fag end of assessment proceedings prejudices the petitioner? Assessee's arguments: - Section 142(2A) requires complexity of accounts as a precondition, which was not established as the Assessing Officer did not examine the books. - The impugned order lacks findings on account complexity. - Doubts about correctness are not complexity; best judgment assessment under Section 144 was an alternative. - Special audit at the end of proceedings causes prejudice. Revenue's arguments: - The Assessing Officer, with the Commissioner's approval, found the accounts complex, considering the nature, complexity, and interests of revenue. - The amendment to Section 142(2A) by the Finance Act, 2013, is clarificatory and supports the order. - Reliance on Joint Commissioner of Income-tax v/s. I.T.C. Ltd. (Calcutta) and other cases where large number of transactions warranted special audit.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 142(2A),Section 12A,Section 144,Section 11,Section 12

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wp-1045-2013

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURI ICTION WRIT PETITION NO.1045 OF 2013 Hiranandani Foundation ] 514, Dalamal Towers, 211, Nariman Point, ] Mumbai 400 021. ] .. Petitioner V/s. 1 Joint Director of Income Tax ] (Exemption) II, having his office at ] Piramal Chambers, 5th Floor, Parel, ] Mumbai 400 012. ] 2 Director of Income Tax (Exemption) ] having his office at Room No.616, ] 6th Floor, Piramal Chambers, Parel, ] Mumbai 400 012. ] 3 Union of India, through the ] Secretary, Department of Revenue, ] Ministry of Finance, North Block, ] New Delhi 110 001. ] .. Respondents. Mr. V. Sreedharan, Sr. Advocate  with Mr. Jitendra Singh, for the Petitioner. Mr. A. R. Malhotra, for the Respondents. CORAM:  MOHIT S. SHAH, C.J.  & M.S.SANKLECHA,J. RESERVED ON: 29 JULY 2013. PRONOUNCED ON: 12 AUGUST 2013. JUDGMENT (Per M. S. Sanklecha,J.):­ By this Petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, the petitioner seeks a writ of certiorari to quash and set aside the order dated   30   March   2013   passed   by   the   Joint   Director   of   Income   Tax S.R.JOSHI 1 of 15 CNR No : HCBM020086752013 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-1045-2013 (Exemption) II under Section 142(2A) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (in short “the Act”) directing the petitioner to subject its books of accounts to special audit for the Assessment Year 2010­11. 2 At the request of the Counsel for the parties, the petition is being finally disposed of at the stage of admission. 3 The Petitioner is a trust, registered under Section 12A of the said Act, having as its main object  imparting of education and medical treatment for the public in general at large.  For achieving its objects, the petitioner runs and manages various entities in the form of Hospitals, Nursing College and Schools affiliated to the ICSE/ISC/IB Bonds having a turnover of over Rs.100 Crores per annum. 4 On 30 September 2010, the petitioner has filed its return  of income   for   the Assessment Year 2010­11, declaring its total taxable income  at Rs. Nil while gross total income was Rs.9.65 crores and gross receipts  were Rs.15.59 crores. The books of account of the petitioner was subjected to audit and audit report in form 10B under Section 12A(b) of the Act was also filed.  The statutory auditors did not pass any adverse remarks with respect to the books of account maintained by the petitioner. 5 During   the   course   of   scrutiny   assessment   proceedings   for Assessment Year 2010­11, various queries were raised  by the Assessing Officer and  the petitioner responded to the same.  However, the Assessing Officer i.e.  the Joint Director of Income Tax (Exemption) was not satisfied with the accounts of the petitioner and the audit thereof. Having regard to the nature and complexities in the accounts as the petitioner was running 10 entities having turnover of Rs.103 Crores, the Assessing Officer  issued S.R.JOSHI 2 of 15 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-1045-2013 a show cause notice on 13 February 2013 to the Petitioner­trust, calling upon it to show cause why a special audit under Section 142(2A) of the Act should not be conducted in respect of its books of account for the assessment year 2010­11 as there was non­disclosure of  transactions with related   parties,   non­disclosure     of   accounting   policies   including disclosures of  notes to accounts  along with the balance sheet and profit and loss account  and information regarding the incomes of the pharmacy shop running at both the hospitals and receipts therefrom was also shown as hospital revenue. 6 The petitioner  replied to the show cause notice pointing out that the special audit was not called.  It was pointed out that  the Auditor had not reported related party transactions as those transactions were at arms length/ prevailing rates, so far as the objections with regard to non filing of Accounting policy is concerned, it was submitted that details of sundry   creditors  and debtors  were  forwarded along  with  a note  on accounts policy and the running of pharmacy at the hospital was  not a business activity but incidental to its activity of running a  hospital. 7 However, the Assessing Officer was not satisfied with the explanation given by the petitioner. Therefore, the Assessing Officer  put up a proposal for special audit  of the petitioner's account under Section 142 (2A) of the said Act for the Assessment Year 2010­11  for the approval of the Commissioner of Income Tax. 8 On receipt of the proposal for special audit from the Assessing Officer, the Commissioner of Income Tax granted the petitioner a personal hearing. At the hearing, the petitioner contended that Special Audit    is not warranted on any of the three grounds on which it is being sought to S.R.JOSHI 3 of 15 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-1045-2013 be done as the condition precedent for a special  audit is complexity of accounts, which according to the petitioner, is not so in  this  case. It was submitted that merely because the entries are in large    number and turnover is huge, ipso facto would not warrant a Special Audit. However, by communication dated 25 March 2013, the Commissioner of Income Tax did not accept the objections of the petitioner and approved the proposal of the Assessing Officer, inter alia, recording his satisfaction that the special audit under Section 142(2A) of the said Act is necessary in the present case. 9 Consequent  to   the   above   communication  dated  25   March 2013 of the Commissioner of Income Tax,  the Assessing Officer by order dated 30 March 2013 directed the petitioner to have its accounts audited by M/s. Chokshi & Chokshi, Chartered Accountants  as  the special auditor under Section 142(2A) of the said Act for the Assessment Year 2010­11. The terms of reference for Special Audit, inter alia, included whether the accounts are maintained as per general accounting standards along with supporting evidences as well as to report transactions undertaken by trust with related persons besides determining the surplus receipts in view of running a pharmacy in the two hospitals. By the present Petition, the challenge is to the order dated 30 March 2013 of the Assessing Officer appointing a  Special Auditor under Section 142(2A) of the said Act. 10 Mr. Sreedharan, learned Counsel appearing for the Petitioner in support of the Petition submits as under:­ S.R.JOSHI 4 of 15 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-1045-2013 (a) The Assessing Officer could   not   have   invoked   provisions of Section 142(2A) of the said Act as the condition precedent to invoke the same is complexity of  the accounts. According to him, the Assessing Officer has not examined the petitioner's books of accounts and, therefore, could not  conclude that the accounts of the   Petitioner   are   complex   warranting   a   Special   Audit. Consequently,   primary   requirement   for   invoking   the   juri iction under Section 142 (2A) of the Act is not  fulfilled. (b) In any event, the  impugned order dated 30 March 2013, directing the special audit in the Assessment Year 2010­11 does not give any finding   with   regard   to   the   complexity   of   the   accounts   and therefore, the impugned order is unsustainable.  It was submitted that at no point of time,  did   the   Assessing   Officer   examine   the accounts of the Petitioner and made an attempt to understand the same. (c) The doubts about the correctness of the accounts cannot be equated with complexity of the accounts. In case, the Assessing Officer found   the   audit   carried   out   by   the   Petitioner's   Auditor   is   not acceptable, he was free to ignore the accounts and pass a best judgment assessment under Section 144 of the Act. (d) It is not open to order special audit under Section 142(2A) of the said Act merely because auditor's report casts suspicion on whether or not, the audit was properly carried out as that is not one of the condition which would warrant appointment of a Special Auditor; and S.R.JOSHI 5 of 15 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-1045-2013 (e) The   appointment   of   a   Special   Auditor   at   the   fag   end   of   the assessment proceedings under Section 142(2A) of the said Act caused serious prejudice to the Petitioner as it would entail the petitioner undergoing a special audit when in the facts of the case, the same is not warranted. 11 As   against   the   above,   Mr.   Malhotra,   in   support   of   the impugned order submits as under:­ (a) The books of account had been verified by the Assessing Officer and it was during the course of the examination of the accounts that special  audit  is   called  for   taking   into   account   the   nature   and complexity of the accounts. In support, reliance was placed upon the Affidavit in reply dated 19 June 2013 filed by the Assessing Officer; (b) The Assessing Officer had found that the auditor had not discharged its obligations of reporting on related party transactions in the audit report on the ground that according to the  auditor,  the related parties transactions were at arm's length. In view of the above, the   Assessing   Officer   concluded   that   there   could   be   other transactions which are not reported by the  petitioner as well  as the auditor.  These facts would warrant examination of the  accounts by the Special Auditor; (c) The petitioner is running 10 entities and has a turn over of Rs.103 Crores which consequently involves a large number of entries and it is impossible for the Assessing Officer to carry out the task of S.R.JOSHI 6 of 15 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-1045-2013 examining the accounts. This  itself would require  that   the same be examined by a Special Auditor in terms of Section 142(2A) of the said Act; and (d) No  prejudice  would  be caused to  the  petitioner  and  it  would certainly assists the revenue to determine correctly the income earned by the assessee and its liability to tax, if any.  Particularly so, as the petitioner is claiming exemption under Section 11 of the Act on  the  ground  that   any  excess  of  income  over expenditure is utilized to fulfill the charitable objects of the Trust; In the above circumstances, it was submitted that this Court should not entertain the Writ Petition. 12 Before considering the submissions, it may be convenient to reproduce the relevant provisions as applicable to the case:­ (a) The Special Audit is directed in accordance with Sub­section 2A of Section 142 of the Act at the relevant time read as under:­ “ If,   at   any   stage   of   the   proceedings   before   him,   the (Assessing) Officer, having regard to the nature and complexity of the accounts of the assessee and the interests of the revenue, is of the opinion that is is necessary so to do, he may, with the previous   approval   of   the   [Chief   Commissioner   or Commissioner], direct the assessee to get the accounts audited by an accountant, as defined in the Explanation below sub­ section   (2)   of   section   288,   nominated   by   the   [Chief Commissioner or Commissioner] in this behalf and to furnish a report of such audit in the prescribed form duly signed and verified by such accountant and setting forth such particulars as   may   be   prescribed   and   such   other   particulars   as   the [Assessing] Officer may require.” S.R.JOSHI 7 of 15 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-1045-2013 (b) The audit report as furnished by the Petitioner in respect of its accounts to the revenue in accordance with the provisions of Section 12­A (1)(b) of the said Act which reads as under:­ “(b) Where the total income of the trust or institution as computed   under   this   Act   without   giving   effect   to     [the provisions of section 11 and section 12 exceeds the maximum amount which is not chargeable to income­tax in any previous year], the accounts of the trust or institution for that year have   been   audited   by   an   accountant   as   defined   in   the Explanation  below sub­section (2) of section 288  and the person   in   receipt   of   the   income   furnishes   along   with   the return of income for the relevant assessment year the report of such audit in the prescribed form duly signed and verified by such accountant and setting forth such particulars as may be prescribed.” 13 We have considered the rival submissions.   The Petitioner's principal submission before us is that a Special Audit could not have been directed   under   Section   142(2A)of   the   Act   as   the   complexity   of   the accounts can only be determined if and when Assessing Officer examines the  books of accounts.    It  is the  petitioner's case before us that  the Assessing   Officer   has   not   examined/verified   the   books   of   accounts. Therefore, no occasion would arise to take a view with regard to the complexity   of   the   accounts   so   as   to   direct   Special   Audit.   Thus,   the condition precedent for application of Section 142(2A) of the Act not being satisfied, the Special Audit could  not be directed. We find that the Assessing Officer in his reply affidavit dated 19 June 2013 has in terms denied the assertion of the Petitioner that the books of accounts were not examined and/or verified by him.  In the affidavit, he states “Hence it is factually not correct that books of accounts were not verified.” Further in S.R.JOSHI 8 of 15 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-1045-2013 the   affidavit   it   is   stated   that   while   verifying   books   of   accounts   the Assessing Officer came to the conclusion that the audit report and the books of accounts submitted by assessee were faulty and unreliable as auditor had not reported related party transactions.  Besides, we find that at no stage prior to the filing of this petition, has  the  petitioner taken up the   plea   that   the   Assessing   Officer   had   not   examined   the   books   of accounts   of   the   petitioner.   In   fact,   even   at   the   hearing   before   the Commissioner   of   Income   Tax     for   purposes   of   considering   grant   to approval to carry out  Special Audit, the petitioner's only submission as recorded in the approval letter dated 25 March 2013 was only that the accounts are not complex.   There is not even a suggestion about   the Assessing Officer concluding about the complexity of the accounts without having verified/examined the   same. Therefore, in view of the above, there is  no reason to  disbelieve  the  statement  made  on oath  by the Assessing Officer. Thus, the principal challenge of the petitioner with regard to direction of  Special Audit is not sustainable. The  Accounts have been verified and taking into account the complexity of the Accounts, the Special Audit has been directed. 14 The   entire   object   of   having   the   accounts   audited   by   an independent Chartered Account in respect of the trust is to ensure that the income of the trust has not been diverted for purposes other then the objects of the trust. The audit report of the Chartered Accountant is in form 10B as prescribed under Rule 17­B of the Income Tax Rules 1962. The audit report furnished by the auditor is taken into account while making an enquiry for the purpose of assessment under Section 143 of the said Act. The  petitioner is a charitable trust which  undertakes charitable objects and the income is exempted from tax, inter alia, on the basis of S.R.JOSHI 9 of 15 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-1045-2013 audit and audit report submitted under Section 12­A(1)(b) of the Act. The auditor in terms of the prescribed form has to report related parties transactions which have  taken place.  It is not disputed that the related party transactions  were  not referred to in the form 10B furnished in the audit report.  In that view  of  the  matter, it  is  natural  for  doubt  to arise  about the  correctness  of the  audit  done  of  the  accounts  by  an independent auditor and in particular, the satisfaction of Section 12­A (1) (b) of the Act.  Therefore, the nature of accounts  being  that  of a trust, its genuineness is dependent upon a proper audit.  In the circumstances, we find that the nature of accounts were such that the directions for Special Audit in these facts was warranted.  We, therefore, find that the condition precedent for exercising powers under Section 142(2A) of the said Act, viz: nature and complexity of accounts of   the   assessee have been satisfied.  The  aforesaid  prima facie satisfaction has been  recorded by  the Assessing Officer while issuing the notice dated13 February 2013 to the Petitioner and also final  satisfaction  with  regard to the same in the   approval   dated   25   March   2013   granted   by   the   Commissioner   of Income Tax. 15 In   view   of   the   fact   that   the   Special   Audit   under Section142(2A) of the Act, in the present facts is warranted, no prejudice is caused to the petitioner.  The absence of a Special Audit in the present facts,  could  have brought the exemption enjoyed under Section 11 of the Act by petitioner in jeopardy.   This is because the Audit as required under Section 12A (1)(b) of the Act is not found satisfactory then it is the special audit which would determine the correct position.  Therefore, we find that no prejudice is caused to the petitioner by subjecting its accounts to special audit. S.R.JOSHI 10 of 15 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-1045-2013 During   the   course   of   the   hearing,   the   petitioner   placed reliance upon the following decisions:­ (a) Sahara India (Firm) v/s. Commissioner of Income Tax 300 ITR 403 (Supreme Court),  the issue for consideration before the court was   whether   any   hearing   is   to   be   given before   passing   an   order   for   special   audit   under   Section 142(2A) of the said Act is passed?  In that context, the Court had made observations that recourse to the provisions of the special audit cannot be made only to shift his responsibility of scrutinizing the accounts to another auditor.   The Court held that  the exercise of powers under Section 142(2A) should not be arbitrary and/or unjust. In the circumstances the Court read the principle of natural justice i.e. personal hearing   into the provisions.   In   the   above   context   it     also   held   that     the requirement   of   the   previous   approval   by   the   Chief Commissioner should also not be turned into an empty ritual. It would, therefore, be noticed that the factual matrix in the above case  was different  and whether or not the  special audit is required would depend upon the facts of each case. In the facts of this case we find that  special audit is warranted  and by   doing   so   the   Assessing   Officer   is   not   abdicating   his responsibility. Otherwise  the provision for special audit would never be invoked. (b) Delhi Development Authority and Another v/s. Union of   India   and   Another   350   ITR   432,   (Delhi   High   Court) wherein it has been recorded that before the special audit can S.R.JOSHI 11 of 15 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-1045-2013 be directed, the condition precedent is complexity of accounts and safeguarding the interest of revenue. Therefore, it was submitted   that   before   special   audit   can   be   ordered,   the Assessing   Officer   must   be   satisfied   that   the   accounts   are complicated, after having made a genuine and honest attempt to understand the accounts.  In the present case,  the  Assessing Officer   has   found   that   the   accounts   of   the   petitioner   are complex. This view has been approved by the Commissioner of Income Tax in his  approval dated 25 March 2013. Besides the importance  of Audit  in  case   of   a   trust   enjoying   exemption under Section 11 of the Act cannot be minimized, keeping in view  Section 12 (1)(b) of the Act. Therefore, in this case, the exercise of powers under Section 142 (2A) of the said Act cannot be said to be arbitrary and/or irrational. (c) Nickunj   Eximp   Enterprises   Pvt.   Ltd.   v/s.   Assistant Commissioner   of   Income­tax   and   Others   346   ITR   6 (Bombay), wherein the  matter was remanded as the objection of the assessee were not considered while passing an order for special audit under Section 142(2A) of the said Act.  Therefore, the above case has no application to the present facts. and (d) Bata   India   Ltd.   &   Another   v/s.   Commissioner   of Income Tax & Others 257 ITR 622 (Calcutta)    wherein the Court observed that the complexity  of  the  accounts  cannot be  equated  with  the correctness thereof.  Therefore, it was submitted by the petitioner that   in   case   the   Assessing Officer is of the view that the accounts of the petitioner are not S.R.JOSHI 12 of 15 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-1045-2013 correct, then the Assessing Officer could have disregarded  the Accounts and completed the assessment on the basis of   best judgment under Section 144 of the Act  rather than directing to carry out of  special audit.  This may not be wholly desirable exercise   in   the     present   facts,   where   the   petitioner   is   a charitable trust and if the course suggested by the learned counsel   is   adopted,   it   is   likely   that   the   exemption   under Sections 11 and 12 of the Act may cease to be available to the petitioner.   By   virtue   of   directing   a   Special   Audit   of   the petitioner's books of accounts, the Assessing Officer is   being far from arbitrary. This would only ensure that  the  benefit of exemption under Sections 11 and 12 of the Act is not denied if otherwise available to the petitioner. Therefore, none of the above cases is applicable to the fact situation arising  in the petitioner's case. 17 As against the above, Counsel for the Revenue places reliance upon  Joint Commissioner of Income­tax v/s. I.T.C. Ltd., in 106 Taxman 373 (Calcutta)  wherein it was held that it is not possible for an Assessing Officer to look into the  accounts and to verify whether each of the entries in the accounts reflects genuine transactions if the transactions are large in number.   Therefore, in such a case, looking at large number of the transactions,   the   Assessing   Officer   can   ask     for   the   approval   for   the appointment of special auditor.  In the present facts also, the transactions are large in number as it cover  10 entities  and having turnover of Rs.100 Crores. Thus, the appointment of Special Auditor in terms of Section 142 (2A) of the Act cannot be found fault with. S.R.JOSHI 13 of 15 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-1045-2013 The learned Counsel for the petitioner drew our attention to the Finance Act, 2013, wherein the words  “the nature and complexity of accounts under Section 142(2A) of the said Act” is now substituted with the words “the nature and complexity of the accounts, volume of the accounts, doubts about the correctness of the accounts, multiplicity of transactions in the accounts or specialized nature of business activity of the assessee and the interests of the revenue, is of the opinion that it is necessary so to do, he may”.  This amendment  has come into force w.e.f. 1 June 2013. The aforesaid provision permits to order a special audit, inter alia, looking at the volume of the accounts or where there is a doubt about the correctness of the accounts.   The Petitioner relied upon the above provisions to contend that prior to 1 June 2013, the volume of accounts and/or doubts about correctness of accounts would not warrant a special audit. As against the above, the contention of the revenue is that the amendment is applicable  as it is  clarificatory.  In any event, we need not   examine   the   same   as   we   are   of   the   view   that   even   under   the unamended  provision of Section 142 (2A) of the said Act, the Assessing Officer has properly exercised its juri iction to order a special audit after obtaining the approval of the Chief Commissioner for the same. The Chief Commissioner   has   recorded   that   the   Assessing   Officer   had   sufficient material to record his satisfaction that having regard to the nature and complexity of accounts of the assessee and interests of the revenue, a special audit u/s 142 (2A) of the Act is necessary. This   is not a case involving some minor non­compliance on the part of the assessee/auditor which can be overlooked. 19 In the above circumstances, we see no reason to interfere S.R.JOSHI 14 of 15 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-1045-2013 with the order of the Assessing Officer, ordering a special audit. 20 Accordingly, Writ Petition is  dismissed with no order as to costs. (CHIEF JUSTICE) (M.S.SANKLECHA,J.) S.R.JOSHI 15 of 15 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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