HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPN. LTD. vs. J. P. JANJID, DY COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX AND ORS.

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WP/727/2005HC Bombay01 July 2014Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE M.S. SANKLECHA, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE G. S. KULKARNI8 pages
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What did the High Court hold?

The Court held that the impugned notice dated March 29, 2004, issued under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, is quashed and set aside. The primary reasoning was that it is not open to the Revenue to reopen an assessment based on a mere change of opinion. The Supreme Court in Commissioner of Income-Tax v. Kelvinator of India (320 ITR 561) held that there is a difference between the power to review and the power to reopen. In this case, the Assessing Officer had applied his mind to the facts and formed an opinion during the original assessment. The Revenue's attempt to reopen the assessment on the ground that the earlier conclusion was erroneous or mistaken amounts to a review, which is not permissible under the guise of reopening. The Court found that the Assessing Officer had considered the material and allowed the deduction under Section 36(1)(viii), and it was not open to reopen the same material simply because the Revenue subsequently viewed the earlier conclusion as erroneous. The Court also noted that the reasons provided for reopening were unclear and vague, making it difficult for the assessee to respond. The Revenue's failure to file an affidavit explaining these reasons further supported the assessee's case.

What were the facts?

The petitioner, Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited (HDFC), filed its return of income for Assessment Year 1999-2000, declaring a total income of Rs. 135.53 Crores and claiming a deduction under Section 36(1)(viii) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The Assessing Officer (AO) completed the assessment under Section 143(3) on March 22, 2002, determining the total income at Rs. 239.91 Crores, after considering the claim for deduction and the applicability of Section 14A. On March 29, 2004, the AO issued a notice under Section 148 to reopen the assessment for AY 1999-2000. The reasons provided for reopening were that an additional deduction under Section 36(1)(viii) had been allowed at 40% of interest cost allocated to business income from income exempt under Chapter III, and that while Section 14A might reduce deduction under Chapter III, it would not automatically increase profit under housing finance business. HDFC objected to the reopening, but the AO disposed of the objections by stating that since the reopening was within four years, any mistake could be corrected. The Bombay High Court admitted the petition as the revenue failed to file an affidavit explaining the reasons for reopening.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the reasons recorded for issuing the notice under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, are clear and unambiguous, and whether they disclose the Assessing Officer's mind and explain themselves, thereby enabling the assessee to meet the grounds made out by the revenue? (Question of law) 2. Whether the reopening of assessment can be justified solely on the basis of the reasons recorded at the time of issuing the notice, or can it be supplemented by subsequent affidavits or evidence? (Question of law) 3. Whether the Assessing Officer had tangible material before issuing the notice under Section 148, or whether the notice seeks to revisit the same facts and take a different view on material already considered during the original assessment? (Question of mixed law and fact) 4. Whether reopening proceedings under Section 147/148 can be resorted to by the revenue to correct errors or mistakes made while passing the original assessment order? (Question of law) Assessee's contentions: - The reasons for reopening are unclear and vague, making it impossible to respond. - Reopening can only be justified by reasons recorded at the time of notice issuance, not by subsequent affidavits or evidence. - The reasons do not indicate any tangible material available to the AO prior to issuing the notice. - The AO had applied his mind to the deduction claim under Section 36(1)(viii) during the original assessment, and the reopening seeks to revisit the same facts and take a different view. - Reopening cannot be used to correct errors in the original assessment order. Revenue's contentions: - The assessment sought to be reopened is within four years from the end of the relevant assessment year, making it open for reopening. - There was a mistake in the original assessment order, leading to the assessee being granted a higher deduction than entitled. - In the absence of reopening, the petitioner would receive an illegitimate benefit, and the court should not interfere with the notice.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 148,Section 147,Section 36(1)(viii),Section 143(3),Section 14A

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

wp-727-2005

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURI ICTION WRIT PETITION NO. 727 OF 2005 Housing Development Finance ] Corporation Limited, a Company registered ] under the Companies Act, 1956, and ] having its registered office at Ramon ] House, 169, Backbay Reclamation, ] Mumbai 400 020. ] .. Petitioner. V/s. 1 J. P. Janjid ] The Deputy Commissioner of Income ] Tax (1)(1), Mumbai, having his ] Office at Room No.579, Aayakar ] Bhavan, Maharshee Karve Road, ] Mumbai 400 020. ] 2 Ravi Jain ] The Additional Commissioner of ] Income Tax Range (1)(1), Mumbai ] having his office at Room No.538, ] Ayakar Bhavan, Maharshee Karve ] Road, Mumbai 400 020. ] 3 M. K. Moghe ] The Commissioner of Income Tax ] Mumbai City­I, having his office at ] Ayakar Bhavan, Maharshee Karve ] Road, Mumbai 400 020. ] 4 The Union of India ] through its Advocate ] Aayakar Bhavan, Marine Lines, ] Mumbai 400020. ] ..Respondents. Mr. S. E. Dastoor, Sr. Advocate with Mr. Nitesh Joshi, Mr. Sanjay Udeshi Mr. Darshan Ashar, and Mr. Nishant Vyas i/b. M/s. Sanjay Udeshi, for the Petitioner. Mr. Suresh Kumar, for the Respondents. S.R.JOSHI 1 of 8 CNR No : HCBM020047612005 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-727-2005 CORAM:  M.S.SANKLECHA, &

G.S. KULKARNI, JJ. DATE    :  1st JULY, 2014. JUDGMENT (Per M. S. Sanklecha,J.):­ In this Petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, the challenge is to the re­opening notice dated 29th  March 2004 issued under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (the Act).  The impugned notice seeks to re­open the Assessment for the Assessment Year 1999­ 2000. 2 For the Assessment Year 1999­2000, the Petitioner filed its return of income declaring its total income of Rs.135.53 Crores. In its return of income, the Petitioner had inter alia, claimed benefit of deduction under Section 36(1)(viii) of the Act.  The deduction under Section 36(1)(viii) of the Act is available to a public company carrying on business of providing long  term finance for  construction/ purchase  of  house for residential purposes. The deduction is granted to the extent of 40% of profit derived from  business of providing long term finance for housing.  The Assessing Officer   during   the   course   of   Assessment   proceeding   considered   the Petitioner's claim for deduction under Section 36(1)(viii) of the Act as well as also had occasion to consider the application of Section 14­A of the Act in respect of expenditure incurred to earn income not included in total income.  The Assessing Officer after granting the benefit of deduction under Section 36(1)(viii) of the Act completed the Assessment proceeding under Section 143(3) of the Act on 22nd March 2002 determining the total income at Rs.239.91 Crores. S.R.JOSHI 2 of 8 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-727-2005 On 29th March 2004, the impugned notice was issued under Section 148 of the Act, seeking to re­open the   Assessment   for the Assessment Year 1999­2000. The reasons in support of the impugned notice  dated 24th March 2004 as made available to the Petitioner reads as under:­ M/s. HDFC Ltd. A. Y. 99­2000 Date: 22/3/2004 “ The return of income was filed on 31/12/99 declaring total   income   of   Rs.135,53,03,006/­.     The   assessment   was completed   u/s.   143(3)   on   22/3/2002   at   total   income   of Rs.239,91,38,121/­. The additional deduction u/s. 36(1)(viii) has been allowed at Rs.49.53 Crores on the income other than from housing finance @ of 40% of that interest cost allocated to the business income from income exempt under Chapter III of the Act.   The cost  allocated to income u/s 14A will reduce deduction   under   chapter   III   but   it   would   not   automatically increase   the   profit   under   housing   finance   business   as   the expenditure incurred for earning the income is not reversed or added just because the gross exempt income in not considered for deduction excludible from taxable income.

Therefore I have reason to believe that income chargeable to tax has escaped income assessment. Therefore, assessment proceeding are re­opened u/s. 147. Issue notice u/s. 148 of the I.T. Act.” 4 The Petitioner by its letter dated 14th February 2005 objected to the re­opening of the Assessment for the Assessment Year 1999­2000. The Assessing Officer  by  its  order dated  24th February  2005 disposed of the   Petitioner's   objections   to   re­open   of   the   Assessment   by   quoting extensively from the decisions of the Court and thereafter justifying the re­opening of the Assessment for Assessment Year 1999­2000 as under:­ “ From   the   above   it   is   clear   that   if   the   reassessment proceeding initiated u/s. 147 are within four years then the S.R.JOSHI 3 of 8 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-727-2005 proviso of failure  on  part of the assessee to  disclose  fully  and truly   all   material   facts   is   not   attracted.   In   your     case   the reassessment proceeding have been initiated within four years from the end of the relevant assessment year.  Therefore, if any mistake has occurred then reassessment proceedings are valid and not ab­inito void as alleged  by you.” (emphasis supplied) 5 The re­opening of the Assessment was within a period of four years from the end of the relevant Assessment Year i.e. 1999­2000. At the time   of   admission   of   the   Petition,   the   reasons   for   re­opening   of   the Assessment   as   furnished   by   the   Assessing   Officer   was   found   not comprehensible by the Court and in that view,the Revenue was granted time to enable filing of  affidavit to throw light on the reasons recorded for re­opening of the Assessment by the impugned notice dated 29th March 2004. The Revenue took time but failed to file any affidavit in reply explaining the reasons recorded for issuing the impugned notice. Thus, this Petition was admitted. The Revenue has not filed any affidavit till date. 6 Mr.   S.E.   Dastoor,   learned   Sr.   Counsel   appearing   for   the Petitioner submits that the re­opening proceeding are not sustainable in law and  in support submits as under:­ (a) The ground on which the impugned notice dated 29th March 2004 was issued as furnished to the Petitioner, are unclear and vague.  In the circumstances, it is impossible for the Petitioner to meet the grounds made out by the Revenue; (b) It is well settled that the re­opening of the Assessment can only be justified on the basis of the reasons recorded at the time of issuing S.R.JOSHI 4 of 8 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-727-2005 the impugned notice dated 29th March 2004 and the same cannot be justified subsequently by affidavit or any other evidence; (c) The   reasons   recorded   do   not   indicate   any   tangible   material available with the Assessing Officer before issuing the impugned notice dated 29th March 2004; (d) The   Assessing   Officer   had   during   the   course   of   Assessment proceeding  applied  his  mind to the applicant's claim for deduction under Section 36 (1)(viii) of the Act and devoted as many as 96 pages to  consider the  above claim. Thus, the  impugned  notice dated 29th  March 2004 now seeks to re­visit the same facts and take adifferent view on the same material which was considered while passing the Assessment Order dated 22nd March, 2002; and (e) The re­opening proceeding cannot be resorted to by the Revenue to correct the errors/mistakes which may have taken while passing the Assessment Order originally. 7 As against the above, Mr. Suresh Kumar, learned Counsel appearing for the Revenue in support of the impugned notice dated 29th March 2004 submits as under:­ (a) The Assessment which is sought to be re­opened is within four years from the end of the relevant Assessment Year.  Therefore, it is open to the Revenue to issue the impugned notice for re­opening of the Assessment; (b) According to the Revenue, there was a mistake in passing original Assessment Order dated 22nd March 2002 which led to the assessee S.R.JOSHI 5 of 8 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-727-2005 being granted higher deduction then which they were entitled to ; and (c) It   is   submitted   that   in   absence   of   adopting   the   re­opening proceeding under Section 148 of the Act, the Petitioner would get benefit of deduction which is not legitimately due to it. In that  view of the matter, it is submitted this Court should not interfere with the impugned   notice   dated   29th  March   2004   and   let   re­opening proceeding for Assessment Year 1999­2000 take place. 8 We have considered the rival submissions. It is well settled position as held by this Court in Hindustan Lever Ltd. v/s. R. B. Wadkar 268 ITR 332 that the reasons recorded by the Assessing  Officer are for re­opening of the Assessment are alone to be considered to determine whether or not the Assessing Officer had juri iction to issue notice under Section 148 of the Act. The Court observed that the reasons recorded should be clear and unambiguous. The reasons must also disclose the Assessing Officer's mind and should explain itself.  An assessee should not be kept in dark about the reasons leading to the proposed re­opening of the Assessment. In this particular case, as it apparent from the order passed on admission as well as from the bare reading of the reasons furnished to the Petitioner, that one is at a loss as to know what  exactly is the reason for re­opening the Assessment for Assessment Year 1999­2000. 9 However, with the assistance of Mr. Suresh Kumar, learned Counsel   appearing   for   the   Revenue,   we   understood   the   reasons   as indicating an excess  grant  of  benefit under Section 36(1)(viii) of the Act S.R.JOSHI 6 of 8 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-727-2005 to the Petitioner. This according to Revenue was by mistake. Although various other submissions had been made by Mr. Dastoor, learned Senior Counsel, appearing of the Petitioner, we are of the view that the Petition can be disposed of on the short point that it is not open to the Assessing Officer to re­open the Assessment merely on a  change  of opinion. It is not   disputed   that   the   Assessing   Officer   had   applied   his   mind   to   the material available before him for purposes of considering the claim for deduction under Section 36(1)(viii) of the Act.   However, the Revenue submits that the result of the application of mind was an error/mistake. Therefore, it has to be corrected.  It is urged that the Revenue should not be precluded from re­opening a completed Assessment by issuing a notice under Section 148 of the Act to correct a mistake. 10 The   Supreme   Court   in   the   matter   of  Commissioner   of Income Tax v/s. Kelvinator of India,  320  ITR 561 has held that it is not open to the Revenue to re­open an Assessment on the basis of mere change of opinion. The Supreme Court has stated that there is a difference between the power to review and power to re­open. In this case, the Assessing Officer had applied his mind to the facts available and came to the   particular   conclusion   i.e.   formed   an   opinion.   According   to   the Assessing Officer, the conclusion reached by the earlier Assessing Officer was erroneous/ mistaken. This by itself accept the fact that the Assessing Officer had applied his mind to the facts and reached a conclusion which according to the Revenue now is erroneous.  The Assessing Officer has no power to review under the shelter of re­opening of Assessment under Sections 147/148 of the act.   Looking at the same material again only because  the  conclusion  arrived   at  earlier  is erroneous  would  amount S.R.JOSHI 7 of 8 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-727-2005 re­viewing the same material to come to possibly a different conclusion. Such an exercise is not permissible. In this case, the Assessing Officer has allowed the deduction under Section 36(1)(viii) of the Act.  It is not open to re­look at the same material only because it is subsequently of the view that the conclusion arrived at earlier, is erroneous. 11 In view of the above impugned notice dated 29th March 2004 issued under Section 148 of the Act is quashed and set aside. 12 Petition is allowed in the above terms, with no order as to costs.

(G.S.KULKARNI,J.) (M.S.SANKLECHA,J.)

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