DIRECTOR OF INCOME TAX (INTERNATIONAL TAXATION, MUMBAI vs. INCOME TAX SETTLEMENT COMMISSION AND 10 ORS.
What did the High Court hold?
The High Court held that the Income Tax Settlement Commission had jurisdiction to entertain the settlement applications. Regarding the first issue, the Court found that the applications were filed before the amended definition of 'case' under Section 245A(b) came into effect, and the original definition permitted applications for proceedings pending before any income tax authority, including those at the appellate stage. On the second issue, the Court held that the requirement under Section 245C was to pay tax on the full and true disclosure made at the time of filing the application. The subsequent declaration of additional income as a goodwill measure did not invalidate the original application. For the third issue, the Court clarified that Section 245C only requires a full and true disclosure of income not previously disclosed, not necessarily a new source of income. Regarding the fourth issue, the Court noted that STAR Ltd. had not filed an application for the assessment year under appeal, and other respondents were not prohibited from filing applications for other assessment years. Finally, concerning the fifth issue, the Court found that the application was for settling income, not solely for TDS liability, and thus the decision in Shaw Wallace was not applicable at this stage.
What were the facts?
The Director of Income Tax (International Taxation), Mumbai, filed a writ petition challenging an order dated September 11, 2007, passed by the Income Tax Settlement Commission under Section 245D(2C) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The petitioner contended that the order was passed without the respondent applicants (various entities within the Star Group) making a full and true disclosure of their income. The respondents, primarily incorporated outside India but with operations and revenue streams in India from advertisements and subscriptions, had filed settlement applications. The Assessing Officer had previously disallowed expenses claimed by STAR Ltd. for payments made to channel companies, a decision upheld by the Tribunal and appealed to the High Court. Notices were issued to channel companies to file returns, which they did showing nil income, but the AO held their income taxable in India.
What were the issues?
1. Whether the Income Tax Settlement Commission had jurisdiction to entertain the settlement applications filed by the respondents, considering the pendency of assessments and appeals before various income tax authorities, particularly in light of amendments to Section 245A(b) of the Act? (Question of law) 2. Whether the settlement applications were maintainable despite not having proof of payment of tax and interest on the declared additional income at the time of filing, as required by Section 245C of the Act? (Question of mixed law and fact) 3. Whether the settlement applications were maintainable as the respondents had not disclosed any additional/new source of income, but rather income already known to the revenue? (Question of law) 4. Whether the Settlement Commission could entertain applications for assessment years other than the one for which STAR Ltd.'s appeal was pending before the High Court? (Question of law) 5. Whether an application for settlement could be made in respect of liability to deduct tax at source? (Question of law) Assessee's Contention (Petitioner): The Settlement Commission lacked jurisdiction due to pending assessments and appeals, and the applicants failed to make a full and true disclosure of income, including proof of tax payment. The income sources were already known to the revenue, and the application was not maintainable for liability to deduct tax at source. Revenue's Contention (Respondents): The Settlement Commission had jurisdiction as the applications were filed before the amended definition of 'case' came into effect. The disclosure of additional income was a goodwill measure, and the requirement of paying tax and interest applied to the income disclosed at the time of filing. The applications were maintainable as they sought settlement of income, not just TDS liability, and were filed for assessment years other than the one under appeal.
Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?
Section 245D(2C),Section 245A(b),Section 245C,Section 245D(4)
AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below
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IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURI ICTION WRIT PETITION NO.559 OF 2008 Director of Income Tax ] (International Taxation), Mumbai having ] his office at 107, Scindia House, ] N. M. Road, Ballard Pier, Mumbai 38 ] .. Petitioner V/s. 1 Income Tax Settlement Commission ] Mahalakshmi Chambers, ] Mumbai 400 034. ] 2 Satellite Television Asian Region Ltd. ] Post Box 71, Craigmuir Chambers, ] Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin ] Islands. C/o. AZB & Partners, F40, ] NDSE 1, New Delhi 110 049. ] 3 Asian Broadcasting FZLLC ] Post Box 71, Craigmuir Chambers, ] Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin ] Islands. C/o. AZB & Partners, F40, ] NDSE 1, New Delhi 110 049. ] 4 Indian Region Broadcasting FZLLC ] Post Box 71, Craigmuir Chambers, ] Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin ] Islands. C/o. AZB & Partners, F40, ] NDSE 1, New Delhi 110 049. ] 5 SGL Entertainment Ltd. ] Post Box 71, Craigmuir Chambers, ] Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin ] Islands. C/o. AZB & Partners, F40, ] NDSE 1, New Delhi 110 049. ] 6 Star Television Entertainment Ltd. ] Post Box 71, Craigmuir Chambers, ] Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin ] Islands. C/o. AZB & Partners, F40, ] NDSE 1, New Delhi 110 049. ] S.R.JOSHI 1 of 33 CNR No : HCBM020278572007 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw Star Asian Movies Ltd. ] Post Box 71, Craigmuir Chambers, ] Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin ] Islands. C/o. AZB & Partners, F40, ] NDSE 1, New Delhi 110 049. ] 8 Star International Movies Ltd., ] Post Box 71, Craigmuir Chambers, ] Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin ] Islands. C/o. AZB & Partners, F40, ] NDSE 1, New Delhi 110 049. ] 9 Star Television News Ltd. ] Post Box 71, Craigmuir Chambers, ] Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin ] Islands. C/o. AZB & Partners, F40, ] NDSE 1, New Delhi 110 049. ] 10 Channel V Music Networks Ltd. ] Post Box 71, Craigmuir Chambers, ] Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin ] Islands. C/o. AZB & Partners, F40, ] NDSE 1, New Delhi 110 049. ] 11 Star Asia Region FZLLC ] Post Box 71, Craigmuir Chambers, ] Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin ] Islands. C/o. AZB & Partners, F40, ] NDSE 1, New Delhi 110 049. ] .. Respondents. Mr. Porus Kaka, Sr. Advocate with Mr. Divyesh Chawla, Mr. Ajay Bahl and Mr. Sunil Agarwal i/b. AZB & Partners and Mr. A. K. Jasani, for the Petitioner. Mr. Arvind Pinto, for the Respondents. CORAM: MOHIT S. SHAH, C.J. & M.S.SANKLECHA,J. DATE : 28 FEBRUARY 2014. Per Court : By this Petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, the Director of Income Tax (International Taxation), challenges the order S.R.JOSHI 2 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw dated 11 September 2007 passed by the Income Tax Settlement Commission (the Commission) under Section 245D(2C) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (the Act). 2 The challenge is essentially on the ground that the impugned order dated 11 September 2007 of the Commission was passed ignoring the statutory requirement under the Act particularly the requirement of making full and true disclosure by respondent Nos.2 to 11 herein as applicants before the Commission. 3 Brief facts leading to this petition are: (i) Respondent Nos.2 to 11 are part of Star Group of Companies which is owned by News Corporation of United States of America. The Respondent Nos.2 and 5 to 10 are incorporated in British Virgin Islands while respondent Nos.3 and 4 are incorporated in United Arab Emirates. All the respondents have their principal place of management at Hong Kong. Respondent Nos.6 to 11 (Channel Companies) are the owners and operators of television channels. These channel companies own their brand and logo, while telecasting in India and by constant advertisement have become household names in India; (ii) For operation of the channel companies, the programmes meant for telecasting are prepared in India either by themselves or acquired from other entities such as STAR India Private Ltd (SIPL) which is incorporated in India. As the programmes from the channel companies are to be telecast in India, the programmes are interspersed with advertisement placed by the advertisers. The channel companies in turn, inter alia enter into contract with S.R.JOSHI 3 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw companies for hiring of transponders. The cable operators in India for a prescribed fee charged by the SIPL are allowed to download the programmes and distribute the same to the final consumers from whom subscriptions are collected; (iii) In view of the above business model, the source of revenue of the Star group are from : (a) Advertisement Revenue the advertisement revenue is collected by SIPL from the Advertisers in India. SIPL, thereafter retains a part of revenue as its commission and remits the balance to the STAR Limited i.e. respondent No.
In turn, the respondent No.2 – STAR Limited makes payment to the channel companies for the purchase of Airtime from channel companies and claim the same as expenses in its account; and (b) Subscription Revenue the subscription revenue is collected by the cable operators from the final customers as viewers and after retaining their commission, the balance is remitted to SIPL. A part of the amount so received is retained by SIPL and the balance is remitted to respondent Nos.3 and 4 which are companies operating out side India who retain a substantial part of subscription revenue and remit the balance to respondent No.2 i.e. STAR Limited. The channel companies i.e. respondent Nos.6 to 11 in turn receive a part of subscription amount from respondent No.2 company. (iv) Only respondent Nos.2,3 and 4 were filing its returns of income in India up to 2005. Respondent No.2 i.e. Star Ltd. was filing its return on 'net basis' i.e. after claiming expenses from gross revenue. S.R.JOSHI 4 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw In its return, it claimed expenses on purchase of 'Ad Airtime' from the channel companies as well as expenditure against its advertisement revenue received from SIPL. Respondent Nos.6 to 11 i.e. channel companies were not filing their returns of income on the ground that the same was not chargeable to tax in India. This on the basis that the agreement between them (channel companies) and STAR Ltd i.e. respondent No.2 had been entered into outside India and payment for the same were also made and received outside India; (v) The Assessing Officer of respondent No.2 i.e. STAR Ltd. during the assessment for Assessment Year 200001 held that the income of channel companies is taxable in India since they have a business connection in India. Accordingly the Assessing Officer disallowed the claim of expenditure for purchase of 'AdAirtime' for failure to deduct tax under Section 40(a)(i) of the Act. This disallowance was carried in Appeal to the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (the Tribunal). On 18 January 2006, the Tribunal by its order confirmed the order of the Assessing Officer and upheld the dis allowance of claim for expenditure in respect of payments made to the channel companies; (vi) Respondent No.2 – STAR Limited being aggrieved by the order dated 18 January 2006 filed an Appeal in this Court being Income Tax Appeal No.43 of 2006. The above appeal has been admitted on 4 April 2006 and is awaiting final disposal; (vii) For Assessment Years 200102 to 200405, the Assessing Officer of respondent No.2 STAR Limited followed the order for the S.R.JOSHI 5 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw Assessment Year 200001. Respondent No.2 i.e. STAR Ltd has filed appeals and the same are pending in appeal; (viii) Consequent to the above orders, in June 2004, the Income Tax Officer issued notice under Section 148 of the Act to the channel companies requiring them to file their returns of income. The channel companies in response filed their return of income, showing Nil income on the ground that their income is not chargeable to tax in India. However, the Assessing Officer did not accept the contention of the channel companies and in view of the order dated 18 January 2006 of the Tribunal passed in case of respondent No.2 held that the income of the channel companies was chargeable to tax in India. The channel companies have carried the matter in appeal and the appeals are awaiting disposal; (ix) Respondent Nos.3 and 4 were filing their returns of income, claiming their income to be Nil. This was on the basis that that the subscription income received by them is not taxable in view of the Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA) between India and U.A.E. The Assessing Officer held that respondent Nos.3 and 4 are not entitled to the benefit of DTAA and therefore, brought the subscription income to tax. Being aggrieved, respondent Nos.3 and 4 have filed appeals and the appeals are still awaiting disposal; (x) Respondent No.5 was an intermediary company engaged in acquiring contents from Indian and Foreign sources to provide them to the channel companies. This was also brought to tax by the Assessing Officer for the first time during Assessment Year 200405. Being aggrieved, respondent No.5 has carried the matter in appeal S.R.JOSHI 6 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw and the appeal is awaiting disposal; (xi) Respondent No.11 has started its business only during the Assessment Year 200506. Consequently, no assessment has been done in its case till the filing of application for settlement before the Commission; (xii) On 5 March 2007, respondent Nos.2 to 11 filed their application for settlement before the Commission for different Assessment Years seeking to settle its income tax dues under the Act as under: Sr. No. Name of Respondent Settlement Application filed for 1 Resp.No.2 – STAR Ltd. A. Y. 200304 to 200607 2 Resp.No.3
–Asian Broadcasting A. Y. 200203 to 200607 3 Resp.No.4
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Indian Region Broadcasting Ltd. A. Y. 200102 to 200607 4 Resp.No.5
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SGL Entertainment Ltd. A. Y. 200405 to 200607 5 Resp.No.6
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Star Television Entertainment Ltd. A. Y. 200001 to 200607 6 Resp. No.7 – Star Asian Movies Ltd. A. Y. 200102 to 200607 7 Resp. No. 8 – Star International Movies Ltd. A. Y. 200001 to 200102 8 Resp. No. 9 – Star Television News Ltd. A. Y. 200001 to 200102 9 Resp. No. 10 – Channel V Music Networks Ltd. A. Y. 200101, 200506 and 200607 10 Resp. No. 11 Star Asia Region F2. A. Y. 200506 and 200607 (xiii) Thereafter, the petitioner filed its return on 17 May 2007 under the S.R.JOSHI 7 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw erstwhile Section 245D(1) of the Act, opposing the admission of application for settlement filed by respondent Nos.2 to 11. On 1 June 2007, the provisions of Chapter XIXA of the Act dealing with the settlement was amended by the Finance Act 2007. Consequently, the above application for settlement filed by respondent Nos.2 to 11 were deemed to have been allowed to be proceeded with under the amended provisions of Section 245D (2A) of the Act, subject to payment of additional taxes along with interest thereon on the income disclosed in such application on or before 31 July 2007; (xiv) On 9 August 2007, in response to the query from the Commission, the petitioner indicated the position with regard to the payment of taxes and interest in respect of each of the respondent Nos.2 to 11. This was indicated on the basis of the additional income disclosed in their application for settlement to the Commission; (xv) On 24 August 2007, the petitioner submitted his report to the Commission under the amended Section 245D(2B) of the Act. In his report, the petitioner submitted : (a) the Commission cannot determine the income taxable in the hands of respondent No.2 i.e. STAR Ltd. as it cannot rule on its liability to deduct tax at source of Section 245C(1) of the Act as held by the Calcutta High Court in Saw Wallace & Company v/s. Settlement Commission 263 ITR285 (Calcutta); (b) this very issue viz: whether STAR Ltd was required to deduct tax at source before making the payment to the channel companies is a S.R.JOSHI 8 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw question of law raised before the High Court for the Assessment Year 200001 as a substantial question of law and is awaiting consideration. The decision therein would govern the Assessment Year under consideration; and (c) there has been no full and true disclosure of income by respondent Nos.2 to 11. The income disclosed before the Commission must be compared with the account submitted by the assessee along with its return and the additional income disclosed by way of undisclosed receipts or inflated expenses which had not been earlier disclosed before the Assessing Officer are being offered for taxation. Further, India Specific accounts were not produced before the Assessing Officer by the respondent even when called, making it necessary for the Assessing Officer to apply Rule 10 of the Income Tax Rules. In view of the above, it was submitted that the application for settlement by respondent Nos. 2 to 11 (STAR group) be declared invalid under Section 245D(2C) of the Act. (xvi) In the meantime on 21 August 2007, the Chairman of the Commission constituted a Special Bench consisting of five members of the Commission for deciding the following issues: (i) Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of these cases, the applicants have made full and true disclosure of income as is assessable to tax in their respective cases. (ii) Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of these cases, the legal issues raised by the applicants for consideration by the Settlement Commission ought to be taken up for consideration and assume juri iction over these cases when those very legal issues have been admitted for consideration in these cases by the High Court of Mumbai and the matters are S.R.JOSHI 9 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw subjudice before them. (iii) Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of these cases, the Settlement Commission should adjudicate upon issues, which are purely legal, whether or not they involve complexities of investigation. (xvii) Thereafter on 29 August 2007, the Chairman of the Commission passed a further order in partial modification of its earlier order dated 21 August 2007 as under: (a) The Special Bench as constituted under the said order, shall in addition to the issues delineated thereunder consider all such issues as would be relevant fro passing order under Section 245D(2C) of the Income Tax Act in the said Star Group of cases as to the validity; or, otherwise; of the applications filed in all those cases and shall pass appropriate orders in respect of these applications. (b) The date and place for sitting of the Special Bench will be 29.8.2007 at IncomeTax Settlement Commission. Additional Bench, Mumbai in continuation of the hearing fixed as per the original order constituting the Special Bench or on such other date and place to which the matters may be adjourned. (xviii)On 10 September 2007, the application for settlement filed by respondent Nos.2 to 11 was heard by the Commission. At the hearing, oral as well as written submissions were made on behalf of the petitioner as well as the respondents. At the conclusion of the hearing, the applicants made an additional offer of Rs.150 Crores in the spirit of settlement. In the above view, the Commission was of the view that the applications may not be treated as invalid. (xix) On 10 September 2007, the applicants filed a hand written application before the Commission wherein it was stated that they S.R.JOSHI 10 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw are offering a sum of Rs.150 Crores in addition to the income already disclosed only with an intention to buy peace and avoid protracted litigation. It was particularly mentioned in their above application that “ It is submitted that the income disclosed in the applications represents true and full disclosures. The additional income is offered for tax without any evidence against the applicant and with an intention to put a quietus to the matter.” The Special Bench of the Commission by its order dated 11 September 2007 declared the application as valid. The Commission by its order held as under: “Issue No.1: The Bench is of the view that prima facie (after revision of SOF) the disclosure made appears to be true and full. Issue No.2: The Bench observed that the matter pending before the Hon'ble Bombay High Court is only in the case of M/s. Satellite Television Asia Region Ltd. No proceedings are pending before the Hon'ble Bombay High Court in respect of other applicants. We are aware that ratio decidendi of juri ictional High Court is binding on all authorities subordinate to it. Needless to say that we do not consider pendency of legal issues before Hon'ble Bombay High Court as impediment for other assessment years particularly when there is no resjudicata in respect of income tax proceedings and each assessment year has to be considered as a separate proceeding. Hence in our view there is no bar for the Commission to consider the applications for other assessment years. Issue No.3: We are in agreement with the proposition that normally the IncomeTax Settlement Commission will not adjudicate on issues which are purely legal. Issue No.4: We have to decide the 4th issue to bring the proceedings to a conclusion and the same is answered as below: We are satisfied that there are complexities of investigations of various issues which require finalization. Complex facts are involved for decision. Considering the entire S.R.JOSHI 11 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw proceedings including the further offer of additional income made by the applicants taking the total offer of additional income to Rs.1500Crores, the Special Bench decided not to pass any order declaring the applications as “Invalid”. “ (xx) On 14 September 2007, the respondent Nos.2 to 11 in a communication addressed to the Commission disclosed the distribution of additional income of Rs.150 Crores between respondent Nos.2 to 11. The additional income offered by respondent Nos.2 to 11 cumulatively aggregated to Rs.1,398,37/ Crores for the Assessment Years 200001 to 200607. 4 Mr. Pinto, learned Counsel appearing for the petitioner in support of the petition submits as under: (a) The impugned order dated 11 September 2007 of the Commission allowing the applications to be proceeded with after the applicants i.e. respondent Nos. 2 to 11 had revised its income by further Rs.150 Crores before the Commission. It is on the revision of Income that it was held that the applicants have made a true and full disclosure for the purposes of it being declared valid under Section 245D(2C) of the Act. This it is submitted is in the face of the decision of the Apex Court in Ajmera Housing Corporation v/s. CIT 326 ITR 642 wherein it has been held that true and full disclosures of undisclosed income and the manner in which the said income has been derived are prerequisite for a valid application before the Settlement Commission and held that settlement proceedings under Chapter XIXA of the Act does not contemplate revision of income as disclosed in the application. It was held that any revision of income in the application amounts to withdrawing S.R.JOSHI 12 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw of the original application and making a fresh application. Therefore, it falls foul of the condition precedent on the part of applicant to make a full and true disclosure in its original application to the Commission; (b) Section 245D(1) as it stood at the relevant time required the Commission to consider an application only if complexities of investigation are involved. In this case, the mere distribution of income amongst the various companies within the STAR Group does not involve any complex investigation. Thus, the Settlement Commission should not have entertained the application; (c) The applications for settlements were filed by respondent Nos.2 to 11 on 5 March 2007 under provisions of Chapter XIXA of the Act as then existing. However, the applications were not admitted till much after 1 June 2007, when Chapter XIXA was amended by the Finance Act, 2007. Therefore, with effect from 1 June 2007, only those applications could be entertained by the Commission which were pending before the Assessing Officer. In this case, as many as 41 proceedings were not pending before the Assessing Officer but before various authorities under the Act. Therefore by the time, applications were admitted, the amendment came into force on 1 June 2007 and it would apply in this case. Thus respondent Nos.2 to 11 do not satisfy Section 245A(b) of the Act requiring the proceedings to be pending only before the Assessing Officer for being entertained by the Settlement Commission; (d) The application for settlement before the Commission is to be accompanied by payment of taxes and interest. Further in terms of S.R.JOSHI 13 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw the provisions to Section 245C of the Act, the proof of payment of such tax and interest on the income disclosed must also be attached to the application. In this case, admittedly, on 5 March 2007, when the application for settlement was filed by respondent Nos.2 to 11, the tax payable in respect of additional amount of Rs.150 Crores was not paid into the treasury as the same was declared subsequently only on 10 September 2007. Consequently, the application for settlement did not satisfy the statutory requirement of the proviso to Section 245C (1) of the Act to be a valid application; (e) The application for settlement filed by respondent Nos.2 to 11 is not maintainable, as no new source of income has been declared by the respondents in their applications before the Settlement Commission. The petitioners were always aware of the two streams of revenue/ income available to the respondent namely advertisement and subscription. In view of the above, as no new source of income has been disclosed, the application for settlement before the Commission is not maintainable; and (f) The application for settlement by respondent Nos.2 to 11 seeking settlement was on the issue of allowing of expenditure in the absence of tax being deducted at source. This issue has been decided by the Tribunal for the Assessment Year 200001 and appeal in respect thereof was pending for final disposal before this Court. The decision of this Court rendered in the above appeal would be binding upon the petitioner and the respondent No.1 even in respect of other years as held by the Supreme Court in S.R.JOSHI 14 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw Radhasoami Satsang v/s. CIT 193 ITR 321. Therefore, on the above ground also, the application for settlement filed by respondent Nos.2 to 11 ought not to have been entertained by the Commission. On the all aforesaid grounds, it is submitted that the order dated 11 September 2007 passed by the Commission be quashed and set aside. 5 As against the above, Mr. Porus Kaka, learned Senior Counsel appearing for respondent Nos.2 to 11 in support of the order dated 11 September 2007 submits as under: (i) This Court should not exercise its Writ Juri iction from orders of the Settlement Commission in the present facts, as the scope of judicial review in respect of orders passed by the Settlement Commission is extremely limited. In Judicial Review, the Court has only to examine whether the order being challenged is contrary to the provisions of the Act or it suffers from an error of law apparent on the face of the record. This Court should not exercise its extra ordinary juri iction as the Commission has considered all the evidence before it and has passed the impugned order in accordance with the provisions of the Act; (ii) There has been a full and true disclosure on the part of respondent Nos.2 to 11 in their application before the Settlement Commission and also the manner in which the additional income has been derived. The revision or additional offer of Rs.150 Crores made to the Commission at the hearing under Section 245D(2C) of the Act was made in good faith so as only to buy peace and end S.R.JOSHI 15 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw unwanted protracted litigation. In fact, attention was invited to the hand written application dated 10 September 2007 filed by the petitioner with the Commission wherein it is specifically stated that the applicants have disclosed their true and full income and that the additional offer of Rs.150 Crores as income was being made only with an intention to buy peace and avoid protected litigation; (iii) It was further submitted that the reliance upon the decision of the Apex Court in the matter of Ajmera Housing Corporation (supra) is inappropriate considering the fact involved in this case. The reliance by the petitioner on the decision of the Apex Court in Ajmera Housing Corporation (supra) is inappropriate for the reason that the observations being relied upon are in the nature of obiter. Further the observations of the Supreme Court were made in the context of facts existing in Ajmera Housing Corporation (supra). In particular, he submits that there were multiple disclosures by Ajmera Housing Corporation (supra) by revising their annexure filed along with their applications. In these applications filed by the respondents, there has been no revision to the annexure to the statement of facts. Besides, in Ajmera's case, additional income of Rs.11.41 Crores was disclosed by Ajmera on its own account and not as an evidence of good faith as in this case on a suggestion by the Commission. The additional offer of Rs.150 Crores was only made to buy peace and avoid protracted litigation. Therefore, the decision of the Apex Court in Ajmera Housing Corporation (supra) is inapplicable to the present facts; (iv) Full and True disclosure of income would require the petitioner to S.R.JOSHI 16 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw only disclose all primary facts. In this case, the respondents have disclosed all primary facts particularly the remittances made and also the two sources of income namely – Advertisement revenue and Subscription revenue. Even today after seven years after filing of the petition, the petitioner has not alleged or established that any primary fact has not been disclosed by respondent Nos.2 to 11 in their application for settlement. In support of the aforesaid submissions, reliance was placed upon the decision of this Court in the matter of Centurion Bank of Punjab Ltd. v/s. Income Tax Settlement Commission 290 ITR 555 and Calcutta Discount Co. Ltd. v/s. IncomeTax Officer 41 ITR 91; (v) The complexities of facts involved is evident from the facts that there were over 40 Assessment proceedings pending before the authorities at various stage out of which 16 were pending before the Assessing Officer. However, the distribution of income between the various entities was a matter which requires investigation and these are issues which are complex and in any case, once the Commission has come to a conclusion that the issues are complex, this Court in its writ juri iction would not interfere with the finding of fact arrived at by the Commission; (vi) It is an undisputed position that when the application for settlement was filed on 5 March 2007, the respondents had satisfied the requirements of Chapter IXA of the Act as then existing. Therefore though it is accepted that the application for settlement was filed prior to 1 June 2007 when Chapter IXA of the Act the amendment itself provided in Section 245D(2A) of the Act that when an S.R.JOSHI 17 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw application for settlement is made before 1 June 2007, then such an application would be deemed to have been proceeded with. Therefore, there is no requirement as suggested by the petitioner that the assessment proceedings should have been pending before the Assessing Officer before the Commission can have juri iction over an application even if in respect of application filed prior to 1 June 2007; (vii) The requirement of submitting proof of payment of tax and interest on the amount disclosed along with the application for settlement under Section 245C(1) of the Act, existed at all times relevant to this petition i.e. both before and after the amendment to Chapter XIXA of the Act on 1 June 2007. It is submitted that the application filed by the respondents on 5 March 2007 did make a full and true disclosure of tax and interest payable along with proof of its payment. The further amount of Rs.150 Crores disclosed by the respondents before the Commission was an amount disclosed out of a desire to put a quietus to the disputes with the revenue. This is evident from the fact that the application dated 10 September 2007 wherein it was declared by the respondents that the disclosure in their application represents true and full disclosure of its income. Therefore, tax and interest payable on the further amount of Rs.150 Crores was an additional amount over and above the amount which represented the true and full disclosure for the purposes of making an application under Section 245C of the Act; (viii) The requirement for making an application for settlement before the Commission is not conditional upon the application declaring a S.R.JOSHI 18 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw new source of income. Attention was drawn to Section 245C of the Act wherein the precondition is to a make a full and true disclosure of income not disclosed earlier before the Assessing Officer. It is, therefore, submitted that the petitioner's contention that there must be a new source of income declared in the application for settlement is not sustainable; and (ix) The decisions to be rendered in the future by the Bombay High Court in the appeal filed by STAR Limited for Assessment Year 200001 would only govern it and only for that year and would not stop the Commission from exercising juri iction. Moreover the decision to be rendered by this Court in respect of Assessment year 200001 can have no application in respect of other respondents or for years other then Assessment year 200001 in case of respondentNo.2. 6 Before dealing with the rival contentions, it would be appropriate to dispose of the objection of the respondents that in the present facts, this Court should not exercise its writ juri iction for the purpose of judicial review in respect of the orders passed by the Settlement Commission. This it is submitted is particularly on the ground that the Commission has considered all the evidence before it and has passed the impugned order in accordance with the provisions of the Act. Undoubtedly, the scope of judicial review from orders of Settlement Commission is extremely limited. The Supreme Court in the matter of Jyotendrasinhji v/s. S. I. Tripathi & Others 201 ITR 631, has held that juri iction for judicial review of the orders passed by the Commission is extremely limited. The scope of enquiry in judicial review, the Court S.R.JOSHI 19 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw observed, is only to consider whether the order of the Commission complies with the statutory provisions of Chapter XIXA of the Act. Similarly, in the case of Union of India v/s. IndoSwift Lab ltd 265 ELT 3, it has been held that order of Settlement Commission could only be interfered with when the same is contrary to or in ignorance of the statutory provisions of the Central Excise Act, 1944. Power of judicial review would not extend to a decision on facts or on interpretation of documents before it. However, both the aforesaid decisions of the Apex Court were rendered in the context of the final order passed by the Settlement Commission and such orders are protected from the challenge in any other proceedings by virtue of Section 245I of the Act and Section 32 M of the Central Excise Act, 1944. This is because the final orders of the Commission are conclusive. However our Court in Hassan Ali Khan v/s. Settlement Commission 299 ITR 127 has held even the orders passed at the stage of admission have very limited scope to be interfered with in writ proceedings. Thus it cannot be disputed that the Court would be slow to exercise its power of judicial review from orders of Commission interim or final unless there has been a basic flaw in the decision making process which would include ignoring the statutory4 provisions. Therefore, while exercising the power of judicial review, even from an interim order, we would be concerned with examining whether or not, the impugned order of the Commission has been passed in accordance with the statutory provisions of the Act and is not ex facie unsustainable in law. Keeping in mind the above boundaries prescribed by the Apex Court, we shall now consider the objections of the petitioner to the impugned order dated 11 September 2007 of the Commission. 7 In this case, the primary objection of the petitioner as urged S.R.JOSHI 20 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw before us is that the application for settlement filed by the respondents does not meet the juri ictional requirement of full and true disclosure of their income as required under Section 245C of the Act. This according to the petitioner is a statutory juri ictional precondition that has to be satisfied before the application can be entertained by the Commission. The failure on the part of the respondent to make full and true disclosure in its application is established, according to the petitioner, by the fact that an additional income of Rs.150 Crores was declared before the Commission on 10 September 2007 i.e. over and above, the income declared in their application dated 5 March 2007. This additional disclosure of income on the part of the respondent itself, without anything more is a tacit admission that the original application filed on 5 March 2007 did not make a full and true disclosure of the respondents income. According to the petitioner, the issue stands concluded by the decision of the Apex Court in Ajmera Housing (supra) wherein it has been held that the Chapter XIXA of the Act does not contemplate the revision of income as disclosed in the original application. It is submitted that such revision of income amounts to withdrawing of original application and making a fresh application. The Apex Court in the matter of Ajmera Housing (supra) has observed as under: “ A bare reading of the provision would reveal that besides such other particulars, as may be prescribed, in an application for settlement, the assessee is required to disclose : (i) a full and true disclosure of the income which has not been disclosed before the Assessing Officer; (ii) the manner in which such income has been derived; and (iii) the additional amount of incometax payable on such income. It is clear that disclosure of 'full and true' particulars of undisclosed income and 'the manner' in which such income had been derived are the prerequisites for a valid application under S.R.JOSHI 21 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw Section 245C(1) of the Act. Additionally, the amount of income tax payable on such undisclosed income is to be computed and mentioned in the application. It needs little emphasis that section 245C(1) of the Act mandates 'full and true' disclosure of the particulars of undisclosed income and 'the manner' in which such income was derived and, therefore, unless the Settlement Commission records its satisfaction on this aspect, it will not have the juri iction to pass any order on the manner covered by the application.” It further held that: “ A “full and true” disclosure of income, which had not been previously disclosed by the assessee, being a precondition for a valid application under section 245C(1) of the Act, the scheme of Chapter XIXA does not contemplate revision of the income so disclosed in the application against item No.11 of the Form. Moreover, if an assessee is permitted to revise his disclosure, in essence, he would be making a fresh application. In this regard, section 245C(3) of the Act which prohibits the withdrawal of an application once made under subsection (1) of the said section is instructive inasmuch as it manifests that an assessee cannot be permitted to resile from his stand at any stage during the proceedings. Therefore, by revising the application, the applicant would be achieving something indirectly what he cannot otherwise achieve directly and in the process rendering the provision of subsection (3) of section 245C of the Act otiose and meaningless. In our opinion, the scheme of the said Chapter is clear and admits of no ambiguity.” 8 The above observations of the Apex Court may at first blush seem to cover the petitioner’s case completely. However before the above observations being relied upon by the petitioner can be applied to the present facts the following further observations of the Apex court should be taken note of which read as under: “ We are convinced that, in the instant case, the disclosure of Rs.11.41Crores as additional undisclosed income in the S.R.JOSHI 22 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw revised annexure, filed on September 9, 1994 alone was sufficient to establish that the application made by the assessee on September 30, 1993 under section 245C(1) of the Act could not be entertained as it did not contain a 'true and full' disclosure of their undisclosed income and 'the manner' in which such income had been derived. However, we say nothing more on this aspect of the matter as the Commissioner, for reasons best known to him, has chosen not to challenge this part of the impugned order.” 9 It would, therefore be noted that the aforesaid issue of whether or not by virtue of disclosure of additional income, there was a failure to make a true and full disclosure was not an issue for consideration before the Apex Court. This is so as it was not a subject matter of challenge by the revenue either before the High Court or before the Supreme Court. In view of the above, the above observations of the Apex Court in the Ajmera Housing (supra), cannot be said to be a ratio decidendi of the decision. It is trite law that a decision of a Court is not to be read as a statutory provision. The observation of Court must be read in the context of the facts before the Court. 10 It is relevant to note that the Apex Court in the case of Ambica Quarry Works v/s. State of Gujarat 1987 – 1 SCC – 213 has quoted with approval the decision of Lord Halsbury in Quinn v/s. Lenthen 1901 AC page 495 and observed that “The ratio of a decision must be understood in the back ground of the facts of that case. It has been said a long time ago that a case is only an authority for what it actually decides and not what logically follows from it.” Applying the aforesaid test, it would be noticed that the decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ajmera Housing (supra) is inapplicable to the present facts as they are very different from each other as would be evident from juxtaposing the S.R.JOSHI 23 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw facts of the two cases. (i) In Ajmera Housing (supra), the application for settlement had its origin in a search conducted on them while that is not so in the case of the respondents; (ii) In Ajmera’s case there were multiple disclosures with revision of annexure filed along with application i.e. revision of receipts. While in this case, there was no such application by revising of annexure or receipts; (iii) In Ajmera Housing (supra), there was no full and true disclosure of all facts regarding the receipts. However, in this case, there was full and true disclosure of all receipts and all facts in the very first application; (iv) In Ajmera's case, additional amount of Rs.11.40 Crores was made voluntarily by Ajmera Housing on its own account and unlike in this case, where the additional income of Rs.150 Crores was made only with a view to put an end to the dispute at the instance of the Commission; (v) The CBDT Circular No. 7/42 dated 2 May1996 had provided that where India Specific accounts were not maintained by the assessee, income should be computed at the rate of 10% of the gross receipts and the respondent declared before the Commission its income at approximately 27% of the gross receipts. (vi) In fairness to the Commission, it must be stated that the Commission appears to have made suggestion to the respondents to S.R.JOSHI 24 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw recompute income at the higher rate on the same receipts looking to the 30% rate applied by the Assessing Officer in the Assessment Order dated 28 December 2006 relating to respondent No. 2 for Assessment Year 200405. This suggestion was made by the Commission and was accepted by the respondents on 10 September 2007 i.e. before the Supreme Court rendered its decision in Ajmera Housing Corporation (supra). Therefore, on application of the aforesaid rate, at the instance of the Commission, without altering the gross receipts, the respondent assessee offered to compute income at the rate of approximately 30% and rounded off the additional income to Rs.150 Crores; (vii) Accordingly, on 10 September 2007, when the application of the respondents were being heard by the Commission, the respondents offered additional income of Rs.150 Crores only with an intention to buy peace and avoid protracted litigation. It is very important to note that in their hand written letter/ application filed before the Commission on 10 September 2007, they specifically stated that : “ It is submitted that the income disclosed in the application represented true and full disclosure. Additional income is offered for tax without any evidence against applicant and with an intention to put a quietus to the matter.” 11
If, therefore, one juxtaposes, the facts in the Ajmera Housing case (supra) and the facts of the respondents in the present case and the context in which the additional income of Rs.150 Crores was offered to tax, the decision rendered and observations made in the Ajmera Housing (supra) may have no application to the present facts. None the less, the observations of the Apex Court in Ajmera Housing (supra) would have to S.R.JOSHI 25 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw be followed by us as this would ensure certainty of the legal position. However, we note that the additional income offered on 10 September 2007 by the respondents in no way detracted from their earlier application representing full and true disclosure of its income. This further amount was offered more as a gesture of bona fide / good faith as indicated above and with a desire to bring the dispute between the revenue and the respondents to an early end. 12 In the above context, the additional offer of Rs.150 Crores of income in no way establishes that the original application did not contain a full and true disclosure of its income by the respondents. The petitioner before us has not led any evidence to show that there has not been a full and true disclosure by the respondents before the Commission of its income in its application dated 5 March 2007. In the context in which the additional offer of Rs.150 Crores was made and particularly the statements made in their application dated 10 September 2007, it cannot be said that there was a failure to make full and true disclosure of its income on the part of the respondents when they filed their application on 5 March 2007. This additional income offered does not disclose any variance from the manner in which the additional income had been earned. This also lends credence to the respondents' submission that the same was made at the instance of the Commission as evidence of its bonafides. Therefore, at one stage in view of the above facts, we were contemplating setting aside the impugned order dated 11 September 2007 of the Commission to the extent it holds that on revision of income by Rs.150 Crores, there is full and true disclosure of income for purpose of Section 245D(2C) of the Act and directing the Commission to consider the application for settlement, ignoring the additional offer of Rs.150 Crores S.R.JOSHI 26 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw for the purpose of Section 245D(2C) of the Act. 13 However, on further consideration taking into account the following facts: (i) In this case, the application for settlement was not made as a consequence of search proceedings as in the case of Ajmera Housing (supra). (ii) Application for settlement is still awaiting disposal since 2007 at the stage of admission before the Commission; (iii) At the time when the impugned order dated 11 September 2007 of the Commission was passed, the benefit of the decision of the Apex Court in Ajmera Housing (supra) rendered on 20 August 2010 was not available to the Commission; (iv) It has been consistent case of the respondentassessee that the original application for settlement contained a full and true disclosure of its undisclosed income; (v) Further disclosure of Rs.150 Crores was made only with a view to put an end to the dispute at the earliest without altering the gross receipts; and (v) Mr. Porus Kaka, learned Senior Counsel appearing for the respondentrevenue states that in deference to the Settlement Commission, the respondents do not wish to retract the offer made before the Commission on 10 September 2007. Keeping the above factors in view particularly, this being a preAjmera Housing (supra) decision, at this stage by setting aside the impugned order and remanding it to the Commission would only delay the proceedings. We are conscious of the decision of Division Bench in CIT v/s. Income Tax Settlement Commission in Writ Petition No.3900 of 2013 S.R.JOSHI 27 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw rendered on 13 June 2013 and also the decision being rendered by us today in CIT v/s. Income Tax Settlement Commission in Writ Petition No.2135 of 2013. In both the above decisions, a view has been taken that at the stage of admission under Section 245D(2C) of the Act, the Commission must decide on the validity of the application for settlement and the issue cannot be postponed to the stage of final hearing under Section 245D(4) of the Act, even though the requirement of making a true and full disclosure is a continuous requirement to be satisfied at all times in a settlement proceedings. Therefore, even post the stage of Section 245(2C) of the Act, the Commission could throw out an application for failure to make a true and full disclosure therein. The difference in both the cases of the Division Bench referred to herein above from this case is that no additional income was offered as in this case, at the instance of the Commission with a view to end the dispute. Besides, in both the above cases, the decisions were rendered by the Commission at the stage of admission post Ajmera Housing Corporation (supra). 14 We wish to reiterate that the law set out by the above two decisions of the Division Bench is the correct law. However, it is only in the peculiar facts and circumstances of this case, particularly the additional disclosure of income of Rs.150 Crores made at the instance/ suggestion of the Commission, with a view to end litigation at the earliest, that we do not interfere with the order dated 11 September 2007 at this stage. This finds support in the legal maxim actus curiae neminem gravabit i.e. the act of Court shall prejudice no man. However, we make it clear that at the stage of Section 245D(4) of the Act, also the Commission would consider whether or not, the assessee's application for settlement as originally made did fully and truly disclose the additional S.R.JOSHI 28 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw income. This view is being taken by us in this case only in the context of the peculiar and special facts of this case as cummulatively pointed at herein above in paragraph 13. 15 The petitioner has also raised various other objections with regard to the Commission having no juri iction to entertain the application which we shall now deal with as under: (a) One issue raised by the petitioner is that the Commission has no juri iction as there are no complex issues on facts arising in the application for settlement. The above issue is one which raises a question of appreciation of facts and the Commission on considering the issues involved has come to a conclusion that the proceedings before it involves complex facts. The aforesaid finding of the Commission is not shown to be perverse by the petitioner. Thus we see no reason to interfere with the findings of the Commission on the above issue. (b) We also do not find merit in the petitioner's contention that as Chapter XIXA of the Act was amended w.e.f. 1 June 2007 till which date according to the petitioner, the applications had not been admitted, the proceedings should have been pending before the Assessing Officer in view of Section 245A (b) of the Act, for the Commission to have juri iction to entertain the application. This submission has no legs to stand on in view of Section 245D(2A) of the Act which clearly provides that application filed prior to 1 June 2007 would be deemed to be admitted provided the requirements of Chapter XIXA of the Act as then existing are complied with. It is not the case of the petitioner that the conditions as existing prior to 1 June 2007 in Chapter XIXA of the Act were not satisfied by the S.R.JOSHI 29 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw respondents. Thus, the requirement of an Assessment pending before the Assessing Officer as provided in the amended section 245A(b) of the Act would have no application and the Commission would have juri iction to entertain and deal with an application filed prior to 1 June 2007 on the conditions then existing. (c) One more submission made on behalf of the petitioner was that the Commission had no juri iction to entertain the application as in terms of Section 245C of the Act, proof of payment of tax and interest must be attached to the application. In this case, the application for settlement was filed on 5 March 2007. Admittedly the applications as filed on 5 March 2007 did not have proof of payment of tax and interest payable on the additional amount of income of Rs.150 Crores declared on 10 September 2007. This submission is not acceptable for the reason that the disclosure of additional income of Rs.150 Crores was according to the respondents only a goodwill measure so as to expedite the process of settlement of the dispute. This further income of Rs.150 Crores declared on 10 September 2007 did not in any way detract from their original application dated 5 March 2007 containing true and full disclosure of its income. In fact, if the Commission at the final hearing under Section 245D(4) of the Act determines higher income, than that disclosed in the original application, the entire process will not be rendered bad only on account of failure to pay the tax along with the application as is subsequently determined by the Commission at the final hearing stage. Therefore, the requirement is only to pay the tax on the full and true disclosure of income made at the time of filing the application. Thus, the further, S.R.JOSHI 30 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw amounts disclosed as income by way of goodwill measure or far any other reasons such as a particular expenditure being disallowed at the final hearing will not be hit by Section 245C of the Act to make the entire exercise bad for failure to make a full and true disclosure of income unless of course a specific finding to that effect is arrived at by the Commission at the final hearing stage under Section 245D(4) of the Act. (d) One more submission made on behalf of the petitioner was that the respondents' source of income namely advertisement and subscription was known to the revenue at all times. Therefore, the application for settlement has not disclosed any additional/ new source of income. Therefore it is submitted that the application for settlement is not maintainable. We find that section 245C of the Act only requires full and true disclosure of income which has not been disclosed earlier. There is no requirement that for an application to be entertained by the Commission, the applicant must declare a new source of income from that disclosed earlier to the department. The Act does not provide for any such requirement and it is not open to the Court to read such a requirement into the Act . (e) We also do not find substance in the petitioner's submission that as respondent No.2 – STAR Ltd's appeal for Assessment Year 200001 is pending before this Court, it is not open to the Commission to entertain application for other Assessment Years as the decision of this Court would be binding upon the parties. It is very clear that the application for settlement has not been filed by the STAR Limited for Assessment Year 200001, as it is an issue pending S.R.JOSHI 31 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw before this Court in an appeal from the order of the Tribunal. So far as the other parties are concerned, there is nothing in law which prohibits them from filing an application for settlement. Even respondent No.2 STAR Limited can file an application for settlement in respect of Assessment Year other than the Assessment Year for which the appeal is pending before this Court. In fact the definition of case as existing under Section 245A(b) of the Act, on 5 March 2007 when the application for settlement was made, permitted an assessee to file an application for settlement in respect of all assessment / reassessment proceedings pending before any of the income tax authorities under the Act. Therefore, all applications even pending before the Tribunal or in the appeal/revision before the authorities under the Act could be entertained by the Commission on the date when the respondents filed their application before the Commission on 5 March 2007. (f) One more submission made on behalf of the petitioner was that in terms of the decision of the Calcutta High Court in the matter Shaw Wallace (supra), an application for settlement cannot be made in respect of liability to deduct tax at source. At this prima facie stage before the Commission it appears that the application made by the respondents is not for the purpose of settling its liability to deduct tax at source but it is an application made, containing full and true disclosure of the petitioner's income which has not been disclosed before the Assessing Officer. Therefore, the aforesaid decision in the case of Shaw Wallace (supra) would have no application to the present facts at this stage. It could be appropriately considered at the stage of final hearing under Section 245D(4) of the Act. S.R.JOSHI 32 of 33 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-559-2008-mss.sxw Accordingly, petition is dismissed with no order as to costs. CHIEF JUSTICE (M.S.SANKLECHA,J.) 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