HARISH TEXTILE ENGRS.LTD MUMBAI vs. DY.COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, SPECIAL RANGE-19 MUMBAI

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ITXA/1398/2000HC Bombay30 October 2015Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE M.S. SANKLECHA, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE G. S. KULKARNI34 pages
AI SummaryDismissed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court addressed the substantial questions of law. Question No. 2 was dismissed as not pressed. Regarding Question No. 1, the Court noted that the assessee did not dispute the 'on money' receipt of Rs. 3.69 crores for the period April 1, 1989, to September 12, 1996, but disputed any 'on money' for the period April 1, 1986, to March 31, 1989. The Tribunal had sustained an addition of Rs. 10 lakhs for this period. The Court did not explicitly rule on the legality or jurisdiction aspect of Question 1 but focused on the factual determination of 'on money'. On Question No. 3, the Tribunal, by majority, sustained the entire disallowance of Rs. 1.82 crores. The Court did not provide a separate finding on this specific question but implied its agreement with the Tribunal's majority decision by answering all questions in favor of the revenue. On Question No. 4, the Court held that the conclusion of the majority members of the Tribunal that there was a sale of scrap was a plausible view. The reasoning that purchases of raw material, including scrap, would normally be recorded in books of accounts for deduction, and that scrap is generated during manufacturing, was found to be sound. The appellant's failure to produce evidence of scrap suppliers further supported the majority view. Therefore, the finding of facts by the majority was considered plausible, not perverse or arbitrary. Question No. 4 was answered in the negative, in favor of the revenue. Overall, all questions were answered in favor of the revenue, and the appeal was dismissed. The operative direction was the dismissal of the appeal.

What were the facts?

The assessee, M/s Harish Textile Engrs. Ltd., is appealing against an order of the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (Tribunal) dated July 6, 2000. The appeal pertains to the block period from April 1, 1986, to September 12, 1996. A search action under Section 132 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, was conducted on the appellant's premises on September 12, 1996. Subsequently, a notice under Section 158BC was issued, and the assessee filed a return disclosing income of Rs. 1.15 crores. The Assessing Officer (AO) determined the total income at Rs. 6.1 crores, making additions for 'on money' receipts, disallowed expenditure, and sale of scrap. The assessee appealed to the Tribunal, challenging these additions. The Tribunal's regular bench had a difference of opinion, leading to a third member being nominated. The third member's opinion, along with the majority view, formed the basis of the Tribunal's final order.

What were the issues?

The Tribunal had to decide the following substantial questions of law: 1. Whether the addition of Rs. 10,00,000 as 'on money' receipt in the period from 1986 to 1989 was without jurisdiction, patently illegal, and invalid, lacking supporting evidence or material (Section 158BC). 2. Whether the third member of the Tribunal erred in holding that he was bound to accept the view of one of the two members despite having a third view (procedural issue). 3. Whether the Tribunal erred in not allowing any deduction out of the expenditure of Rs. 1,82,38,330 (Section 158BC). 4. Whether the conclusion of the Tribunal that loose papers represented receipts of Rs. 8,78,085 by the appellant on the sale of scrap was perverse, based merely on presumptions, conjectures, and surmises (Section 158BC). Assessee's contentions: - Question No. 2 is not pressed. - The addition of Rs. 10 lakhs as 'on money' for the period 1986-1989 is unsustainable due to lack of evidence. - The entire claim for expenditure of Rs. 1.82 crores should have been allowed as a deduction. - The loose papers represent the purchase of scrap, not sale, and therefore, the addition of Rs. 8.78 lakhs is erroneous and perverse. Revenue's contentions: - The findings of fact arrived at by the majority members of the Tribunal confirming the AO's view cannot be interfered with as questions of law. - The findings of fact are not perverse as the conduct of the appellant of receiving money outside the books of accounts has been accepted for the period 1989-1996.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 260A,Section 132,Section 158BC,Section 158BC(c)

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
ITXA.1398.00.odt    IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION INCOME TAX APPEAL NO. 1398 OF 2000 M/s Harish Textile Engrs. Ltd., Mumbai ..Appellant Vs. Dy. Commissioner of Income Tax, Special Range­19 ..Respondent .... Mr. Nitesh Joshi a/w Jineshkumar Gandhi, Advocates i/b Dave & Girish & Co. for Appellant. Mr. Suresh Kumar, Advocate for Respondent. .... CORAM :  M.S. SANKLECHA &  G.S. KULKARNI, JJ. RESERVED ON      :  27 OCTOBER 2015 PRONOUNCED ON:  30 OCTOBER 2015

JUDGMENT (Per: M.S. Sanklecha, J.): This appeal under Section 260A of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (the 'Act') challenges the order dated 6 July 2000 passed by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (the 'Tribunal').  The impugned order of the Tribunal disposes the revenue's appeal for the block period 1 April 1986 to 12 September 1996. 2. This appeal was admitted by this Court on 29 July 2002 on the following substantial questions of law: S.S.DESHPANDE 1   /  34 CNR No : HCBM020080852000 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 “(1) Whether   on   the   facts   and   in   the circumstances   of   the   case,   the   addition   of Rs.10,00,000/­ as 'on money' receipt in the period from   1986   to   1989,   was   without   juri iction, patently illegal and invalid, there being no evidence or material in support? (2) Whether   on   the   facts   and   in   the circumstances of the case, the third member of the Tribunal erred in holding that he is bound to accept the view of one of the two members inspite of the fact that he has a third view? (3) Whether   on   the   facts   and   in   the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal erred in not allowing any deduction out of the expenditure of Rs.1,82,38,330/­? (4) Whether   on   the   facts   and   in   the circumstances   of   the   case,   the   conclusion   of   the Tribunal that the loose papers represented receipt of Rs.8,78,085/­, by the appellant on sale of scrap was perverse, being based merely on presumptions, conjectures and surmises?”

3.

Mr. Nitesh Joshi, the learned Counsel for the appellant states that Question No.2 above is not pressed.  Thus, Question No.2 is dismissed as not pressed. S.S.DESHPANDE 2   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29

4.

Brief facts leading to the present appeal for consideration of Question Nos. 1, 3 and 4 are as under: (a) The appellant is a manufacturer of Textile Machinery.  On 12 September 1996, there was a search action under Section 132 of the Act on the appellant.  Its office premises, factory at Umargaon, Gujarat and residence of two of its Directors were searched by the officers of the revenue. (b) During   the   course   of   the   search,   the   stocks   lying   in premises of the appellant were inventorised.  Besides various loose documents, newspapers and books of accounts were seized by the officers of the revenue. (c) Consequent to the search, on 16 December 1996, a notice under Section 158BC of the Act was served on the appellant.  Upon service of the above notice, the appellant filed its return of income on 6 March 1997 disclosing its income at Rs.1.15 crores for the block   period   i.e.   1   April   1986   to   12   September   1996. This undisclosed   income   declared   were   interalia   unaccounted   cash, excess   stock,   seized   jewellery,   seized   Indira   Vikas   Patra,   seized Kisan Vikas Patra and investment in sundry assets. S.S.DESHPANDE 3   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 (d) On 30 September 1997, the Assessing Officer passed an order under Section 158BC(c) of the Act determining the appellant's total income for the block period 1 April 1986 to 12 March 1996 at Rs.6.1 crores.  This income was determined by the Assessing Officer on account of the following:­ (i) Undisclosed income on account of on­money on sale of textile machinery Rs.4,10,22,595/­ (ii) Expenditure disallowed Rs.1,82,38,330/­ (iii) Undisclosed Income on sale of scrap Rs.     8,78,085/­ Rs.6,01,39,010/­ (e) Being aggrieved, the appellant filed an appeal from order dated 30 September 1997 to the Tribunal.  The appeal was filed to the extent of the following three additions made by the Assessing Officer:­ (i) Receipt of 'on money' to the extent of sale of textile machinery for the period 1 April 1986 to 31 March 1989 – Rs.40.39 lakhs; (ii) Disallowed expenditure – Rs.1.82 crores; and (iii) Sale proceeds of scrap – Rs.8.78 lakhs S.S.DESHPANDE 4   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 (f) The appellant's appeal was heard by the Regular Bench of the Tribunal consisting of two members viz. Accountant Member and Judicial Member.  However there was a difference of opinion between the two members constituting the Regular Bench.   This difference was recorded in its order dated 3 August 1977 on the following three issues:­ (i) 'On­money' received for the period 1986­89 Rs.40.39 lakhs The Accountant Member sustained the addition only to the extent of Rs.10 lakhs. The   Judicial   Member   sustained   the   addition   to   the extent of Rs.32.30 lakhs. (ii) Disallowance of alleged expenses Rs.1.82 crores The Accountant Member allowed an amount of Rs.45.59 lakhs as expenditure out of Rs.1.82 crores as claimed. The    Judicial   Member   disallowed  the entire claim  for expenditure of Rs.1.82 crores. (iii) Income on sale of scrap Rs.8.78 lakhs The Accountant Member deleted the entire addition of Rs.8.78 lakhs. S.S.DESHPANDE 5   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 The Judicial Member sustained the addition of Rs.8.78 lakhs. In view of the above difference of opinion, the President of the Tribunal nominated a third member to decide the above points of differences between the members of the Regular Bench. (g) The third member of the Tribunal as nominated by the President,   opined   by   an   order   dated   10   March   2000   on   the difference of opinion as under:­ (i) 'on money' for the period 1986 to 1989 the addition of only Rs.10 lakhs is sustained.  Thus agreeing with the view of the Accountant Member of the Regular Bench of the Tribunal; (ii) disallowance of alleged expenses, the entire claim of of Rs.1.82crores was held to be not sustainable. Thus agreeing with the view of Judicial Member of the Regular Bench of the Tribunal; and (iii) sale of scrap, the entire addition of Rs.8.78 lakhs was sustained.   Thus agreeing with the view of Judicial Member of the Regular Bench of the Tribunal. S.S.DESHPANDE 6   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 (h) Thereafter,   the   opinion   of   the   third   member   was forwarded to the Regular Bench of the Tribunal.  By order dated 6 July 2000, the Regular Bench of the Tribunal disposed of the appeal by taking into account the majority view on the three issues as under:­ (i) On the issue of 'on money', the addition of only Rs.10 lakhs out of Rs.40.39 lakhs made by the Assessing Officer was sustained for the period 1986 to 1989; (ii) On the issue of disallowance of expenditure, the amount of Rs.1.82 crores made by the Assessing Officer was sustained; and (iii) On sale of scrap, the addition of Rs.8.78 lakhs made by the Assessing Officer was sustained. (i) Consequent to the order dated 6 July 2000, the appellant had preferred the present appeal which was admitted on 29 July 2002. We shall now deal with the three substantial questions of law which according to the appellant arise for our consideration. S.S.DESHPANDE 7   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29

5.

Regarding Question No.1:­ (a) The Assessing Officer in the assessment order dated 30 September 1997 held that 'on money' on account of sale of Stenter machines for the block period 1 April 1986 to 12 September 1996 received   by   the   appellant   was  Rs.4.10   crores.     The   Assessment Order records a finding that for the period 1 April 1989 to 12 September 1996, the 'on money' received was Rs.3.69 crores and for the period 1 April 1986 to 31 March 1989 on­money received was Rs.40.37 lakhs. (b) The   appellant   does   not   dispute   the   Assessment   Order dated  30   September   1997   to the  extent   it  holds   receipt   of  'on money' to the extent of Rs.3.69 crores for the period 1 April 1989 to 12 September 1996. The appellant on the issue of receipt of 'on money' only disputes that it had received any 'on money' during the period 1 April 1986 to 31 March 1989. (c) Mr. Joshi, the learned Counsel for the appellant submits that the addition of Rs.10 lakhs by the impugned order as being the 'on money' received by the appellant for the period 1 April 1986 to 31 March 1989 is not sustainable on account of the following: S.S.DESHPANDE 8   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 (i) The   assessment   in   this   case   has   been   done consequent to search under Section 132 of the Act.   In terms   of   Chapter   XIV­B   of   the   Act,   the   assessment   is restricted to only the undisclosed income for the block period computed on the basis of evidence found in the search in terms of Section 158B(b) of the Act.  Thus, so far   as   the   period   1   April   1986   to   31   March   1989   is concerned,   as   no   incriminating   evidence   was   found evidencing   receipt   of   any   'on   money'   either   by   the appellant or it's agents on the sale of Stenter machines, the addition on account of 'on money' is bad. (ii) Any evidence found of receipt of 'on money' for the period 1989 to 1996 cannot by itself be the basis of the estimating undisclosed income for the period 1986 to 1989 as has been done in this case; and (iii) The   impugned   order   incorrectly   proceeds   to uphold addition of Rs.10 lakhs to income of the appellant as 'on money' received for the period 1986 to 1989 on the basis of admission by the appellant to the extent of Rs.6 to 7 lakhs. S.S.DESHPANDE 9   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 (d) As  against   the   above,   Mr.   Suresh   Kumar,   the   learned Counsel for the Revenue in support of the impugned order submits as under: (i) It has been admitted by the appellant during the assessment proceedings that the amounts paid in cash and claimed as expenditure were paid out of cash receipts.  In particular, he invites our attention to Annexure 'A' and 'C' to the Assessment order which indicates that payments had   been   made   in   cash   during   the   year   1988­89 admittedly   out   of   amounts   received   in   cash   by   the appellant; and (ii) The appellants in reply to the show cause notice have   themselves   offered   Rs.5   to   7   lakhs   as   being   an amount received in cash as about 10 Stenter machines were sold during the period 1986­89 in Surat Market.  The appellants have further stated that they have received cash in   respect   of   sales   made   by   them   in   Surat   Market   in accordance with the prevailing practice in Surat.  Thus this addition of Rs.10 lakhs by the impugned order cannot be found fault with. S.S.DESHPANDE 10   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 (e) We have considered the rival submissions.  The appellant sought to rely upon the definition of undisclosed income which has been defined in Section 158B(b) of the Act.  Undisclosed income is defined as any income based on any entry in the books of account or other documents or transactions which have not been disclosed or would not have been disclosed for the purposes of the Act.  It is submitted that in this case, there is no evidence in the form of any entry in the books of account or any other document to establish receipt of 'on money' by the appellant. Consequently, the amount of Rs.10 lakhs being added to the appellant's income as being 'on money' received for the period 1986­1989 is unsustainable in law. It is not in dispute that there is documentary evidence of receipt of 'on money' by the appellant for the period 1989­96. Thus there was evidence of receipt of 'on money' only for the part of the block period on sale of Stenter machines for the period 1989­96. This evidence was extrapolated in the impugned order to conclude that 'on money' had been received on the sale of Stenter machines also for   the   period   1986­89. This   extrapolation   in   case   of   dealing outside the regular books of accounts was a subject of consideration S.S.DESHPANDE 11   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 by the Supreme Court in Commissioner of S.T. Vs. H.M. Esufali1 justifying it's claim for expenditure in cash of Rs.1.82 crores, the appellant itself has shown expenditure in cash for the period prior to 1989 out of amounts received in cash according to the appellant. (f) Be that as it may, we find that the impugned order has proceeded on the basis that the appellant had himself admitted to receipt of 'on money' to the extent of Rs.6 to 7 lakhs in its letter dated 25 September 1997. This according to the appellant is an 1. AIR 1973(SC) 2266 S.S.DESHPANDE 12   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 incorrect reading of the communication as in that communication, the appellant had specifically stated that there is no receipt of 'on money' by the appellant during the period 1986 to 1989. The amount of Rs.6 to 7 lakhs according to the appellant was offered only to reconcile the difference in the value of Stenter machines as reflected   by   its   customers   in   its   books   and  as  reflected  by   the appellant.     Thus   no   reliance   could   be   placed   on   the   aforesaid communication   to   reach   the   conclusion   that   'on   money'   was received by the appellant for the period 1986 to 1989. It would be appropriate at this stage to reproduce the relevant extract of the communication by the appellant dated 25 July 1997 which reads as under: “Without prejudice to the above, we beg to state that we had sold  about   10  machines,   amounting  to  Rs.1,30,56,000/­ during this period in Surat market.  Discrepancy in figures, if at all is to be considered should be within the region of Rs.5 lakhs to Rs.7 lakhs.   A list of parties to whom the machines were sold is enclosed. We submit that the receipt of portion of sale price in cash is peculiar only to Surat market.  For the reasons best known to people staying in Surat, we only can confirm that it was not at our instance that part of the sale price was given to us in cash.  It was because of their requirement that the monies were offered to us in cash.  To remain in the other hand in no option but to accept the same.  On the other hand in no other area we were dealing in this type of machine that here is no element of cash.  Therefore, the sale price in respect of S.S.DESHPANDE 13   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 sale of machine to other parties other than Surat is the full and final sale proceeds which need no disturbance.” (emphasis supplied) (g) From the above, it is evident that the appellants have themselves admitted that sale in Surat market had to be in cash as the  buyers of  the   Stenter  machines  would  insist   on   paying  the appellant a part consideration in cash.  Thus the appellant had no option but to accept the same.  This coupled with the fact that in its appeal memo to the Tribunal, the appellant has urged the following ground: “The   Assessing   Officer   has   erred   in   estimating   that   the appellant must have received on­monies to the extent of Rs.40,37,625/­   in  respect   of   the  period   from   1/4/86   to 31/3/89   as   against   the   appellant's   contention   that   the receipts  were only to the extent of about Rs.6 lakhs.   It is submitted that the determination by him of the figure on the items in question at Rs.4,10,22,595/­ is not warranted for. The correct figure that he ought to have considered was Rs.3,64,81,970/­.” (emphasis supplied) Thus undisputedly, receipt of 'on money' even for the period 1 April 1986 to 31 March 1989 is admitted by the appellant.  The estimate of Rs.10 lakhs on the consideration of the facts is not shown to be perverse. S.S.DESHPANDE 14   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 (h) The appellant interalia placed reliance upon the following decisions: CIT Vs. Faqir Chand Chamanlal 262 ITR 295 (P&H) search of receipt of 'on money' for the period 1 April 1986 to 31 March   1989,   the   revenue   cannot   tax   the   same   as   undisclosed income.  The fact that there was evidence of receipt of 'on money' for the period 1989 onwards would not justify the authorities from extrapolating that 'on money' was received by the appellant even for the earlier period.   These decisions are of no assistance as the addition on account of 'on money' is based on evidence and the admission of the appellant. (i) We are of the view that the finding reached by officers of the Tribunal is essentially a finding of fact.   There was evidence S.S.DESHPANDE 15   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 available on record indicating receipt of 'on money' particularly for the period 1989 to 1996. This evidence of receipt of 'on money' with   regard   to   the   sale   of   Stenter   machines   is   found   in   the appellant's letter dated 25 July 1998 is an admission of receipt 'on money' for sale for Stenter Machine in Surat Market during the period 1986­1989. Therefore, it could not be said that there was no evidence on record for the authorities to come to a conclusion that 'on money' was received by the appellant so as to hold that the finding is perverse. (j) On the aforesaid factual scenario, the majority view taken by the Tribunal, that the addition of Rs.10 lakhs as receipt of 'on money' for the period 1986 to 1989 in the circumstances of the case on appraisal of the facts before them is a plausible view.  This view has   not been shown to be arbitrary or perverse.   Thus Question No.1 is answered in negative i.e. in favour of the revenue and against the appellant­assessee.

6.

Regarding Question No.3:­ (a) The claim of the expenses made in cash to the extent of Rs.1.82 crores was disallowed by the Assessing Officer and upheld S.S.DESHPANDE 16   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 by the majority view of Tribunal in the impugned order.  During the course of the search, the search party came across the documents which Mr. Joshi, the learned Counsel for the appellant points out could be classified into three different categories as under:­ (i) Documents   indicating   an   expenditure   of Rs.66.87 lakhs paid as gifts to various people associated with the appellant's business; (ii) Documents   indicating   an   expenditure   of Rs.60.46 being amounts   paid   as   speed   money, protection money to union workers and (iii) Documents   indicating   an   expenditure   of Rs.55.04 lakhs paid as overtime to the workers. The expenditure in the aggregate was Rs.1.82 crores.  The Assessing Officer in his order dated 30 September 1997 did not accept   that   any   expenditure   was   incurred   on   the   ground   that complete evidence in support of payment was not provided.   It further added the same as appellant's income under Section 69C of the Act as the appellant was unable to explain the source of such expenditure. S.S.DESHPANDE 17   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 (b) Before the Tribunal, the impugned order has deleted the addition made by the Assessing Officer to income as unexplained expenditure under Section 69C of the Act.  However so far as claim for   deduction   on   account   of   expenditure   was   concerned,   the Accountant Member allowed deduction to the extent of 25% of Rs.1.82 crores.  This after holding that the appellant has not been able to substantiate the same, yet on the ground that the appellant may have incurred some expenditure for business purposes.   The rest of the expenditure was disallowed.  While the Judicial Member denied the entire deduction on the ground that no evidence had been led to establish that any expenditure had been incurred.   In any event, according to him, the same would also be hit by the Explanation below Section 37(1) of the Act.   Similarly, the third member concurred with the view of the Judicial Member and also held that the appellant had not established that expenditure had in fact been incurred for the purposes of business.  In any view, the third   member   also   held   that   the   same   would   be   hit   by   the Explanation to Section 37(1) of the Act. S.S.DESHPANDE 18   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 (c) Mr. Joshi, the learned Counsel for the revenue challenges the addition of Rs.1.82 crores on being disallowed as expenditure on the following grounds:­ (i) No undisclosed assets of the value of Rs.1.82 crores have been found with the appellant.  Therefore the natural presumption would be that this amount has been spent for the purposes as reflected in the seized documents. It was submitted that once the receipt of amount in cash was accepted, the payment in cash should also be accepted. In support, reliance was placed upon the decision of Kerala High Court in CIT Vs. P.D. Abraham @ Appachand1. (ii) In any view of the matter, Section 292 of the Act, which   was   introduced   by   the   Finance   Act,   2007   with retrospective   effect   from   1   October   1975,   raise   a presumption that any document found during the course of a search would be presumed to correctly reflect the facts. Thus, the onus to establish the expenditure referred to in the loose documents found is not correct is on the revenue. The Tribunal proceeded to disallow the expenditure on the 1. 349 ITR 452 S.S.DESHPANDE 19   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 basis that the appellants have been unable to prove the expenditure.  The basis of the above finding is not correct in   view   of   Section   292C   of   the   Act   which   has   been introduced with retrospecive effect from 1 October 1975. In   the   above   view,   it   is   submitted   that   the   appeal   be restored   to   the   Tribunal   to   reconsider   this   issue   on application of Section 292C of the Act. (iii) In any case, the disallowance of the expenditure in  terms  of  Explanation  to  Section  37(1)  of  the   Act  is concerned, it would only be applicable if the purposes of the expenditure was an offence or if it was prohibited by law.     The   impugned   order   does   not   establish   that   the purposes for which the expenditure was incurred in cash was an offence or it was prohibited by law, but disallows it only on being opposed to public policy.  Accordingly, the application of Explanation 1 to Section 37 of the Act to the present facts was unwarranted. (d) As against the above, Mr.Suresh Kumar submits as under: (i) Both   the   Assessing   Officers   as   well   as   the impugned order of the Tribunal holds that the appellant­ S.S.DESHPANDE 20   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 assessee has not been able to establish that expenditure was incurred as claimed by them.  The documents seized during the course of the search don't contain the names of the recipients nor their addresses.   The findings of the Assessing   Officer   have   also   been   corroborated   by   the impugned order of the Tribunal.  Each of them separately hold that the appellant has not been able to establish that any expenditure was in fact incurred as claimed. (ii) The finding of the Assessing Officer as well as of the   Tribunal   in   the   impugned   order   that   no   payment having   been   made   by   the   appellant   so   as   to   claim deduction on account of expenditure, is a finding of fact. This finding of fact has not been challenged on the ground that it is perverse.  Consequently, the impugned order of the Tribunal cannot be found fault with. (iii) The occasion to examine the application of the Explanation 1 to Section 37 of the Act would not arise in the present facts.  This for the reason that it would arise for examination only after the appellant­assessee has been able to satisfy the basic requisites of Section 37 of the Act S.S.DESHPANDE 21   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 viz. that expenditure as claimed has been incurred and also   that   the   expenditure   has   been   incurred   for   the purposes   of   business.     It   is   only   thereafter   that   the occasion to examine the explanation to Section 37(1) of the Act would arise.  It is therefore submitted that in the facts   of   this   case   the   examination   of   Explanation   to Section 37(1) of the Act is not warranted. (iv) The retrospective amendment to Section 292C of the Act would not come to the aid of the appellant as the same only gives discretion to the revenue authorities, to presume that the documents found during the course of the search are true.  Besides, the presumption in Section 292C of the Act is a discretionary presumption.  Therefore it is to be invoked by the Authorities under the Act.  In any case these documents don't establish the fact of payments being made. (e) We have considered the rival submissions.  We find that before the expenditure can be allowed as deduction under Section 37 of the Act, the expenditure should have in fact been incurred and S.S.DESHPANDE 22   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 that also wholly and exclusively for the purposes of business.  The Assessing Officer on detailed examination of the facts has held that the appellants were unable to establish that payments had in fact been made.  This on the basis that the identity of the recipients and their addresses is not forthcoming nor is the identity of the persons who   made   the   payment   of   such   huge   amounts   is   forthcoming. Besides the loose papers do not indicate clearly whether or not the money has been paid.  The documents indicated seeking of funds and/or reimbursement of funds.  This by itself cannot establish that the money has been actually expended.  The Assessment Order also records   the   fact   that   the   appellant   had   also   not   produced   the individuals who had made said payments and/or produced their details.     If   the   person   alleged   to   have   made   payments   were produced, the cross examination would have possibly thrown light on the genuineness of such claims. (f) We   further   note   that   the   aforesaid   findings   of   the Assessing   Officer   has   been   reiterated   independently   by   the Accountant Member that no concrete evidence has been produced by the appellants so as to establish that the payments as claimed by S.S.DESHPANDE 23   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 them   had   in   fact   been   made.     Notwithstanding   the   above,   the Accountant   Member   did   allow   deduction   25%   of   the   total expenditure claimed on the ground that it may have been incurred for   business   purposes.     This   after   holding   that   the   exact quantification is not possible. (g) On the other hand, we find that the Judicial member on consideration of the facts held that there is no evidence led by the appellant to establish that expenditure claimed by them had been incurred.  Deduction of expenses merely on the basis of noting on piece of papers would not be a sufficient proof for allowability of deduction.  After giving the aforesaid finding, the Judicial Member further goes on to examine that even if one assumes that such payment has in fact been made, the deduction of such payments was not permissible in view of Explanation to Section 37(1) of the Act.  Similarly, the third member to whom the issue of allowablity of the expenditure as deduction was referred to has held that the appellants had not furnished any evidence what so ever to prove the expenditure was incurred and that it was incurred for the purposes of business. S.S.DESHPANDE 24   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 (h)

Therefore   we   notice   that   the   impugned   order   of   the Tribunal   has   come   to   a   conclusion   that   there   is   no   evidence produced to prove that the expenditure claimed as deduction was in fact   incurred   by   the   appellant­assessee.     Albiet   the   Accountant Member (minority view) after holding that the appellant has not been able to substantiate the expenditure does allow deduction to the   extent   of   25%   of   Rs.1.82   crores.     Therefore,   the   primary requirement of satisfaction of Section 37(1) of the Act has not been met by the appellant­assessee.  This finding of the authorities under the Act as well as the Tribunal are undisputedly findings of fact.  On the   basis   of   available   evidence   before   the   authorities   and   the Tribunal,  the  findings  arrived  at  cannot   be  said  to  be  perverse and/or arbitrary.   In fact there is no challenge to the aforesaid finding on the ground that it is perverse.  It is a plausible view on the basis of the evidence available. (i) The appellants contended that once the authorities have accepted that amounts were received in cash, it must necessarily also accept that expenditure has been incurred in cash.  The reliance is   placed   upon   the   decision   of   the   Kerala   High   Court   in   P.D. S.S.DESHPANDE 25   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 Abrahim (supra) by the appellant in that behalf.  In that case, the unaccounted payments and unaccounted receipts were recorded in the   same   books   of   account   and   acceptance   of   receipts   in   that account would have to be followed by acceptance of payments as recorded in the same books of accounts.   This is not so in the present facts.  The payments and receipts of are not recorded in the same documents or the same books of accounts.  Thus the decision of the Kerala High Court in P.D. Abrahim (supra) would have no application to the present facts. (j) The reliance is placed on Section 292C of the Act which was introduced by the Finance Act, 2007 with retrospective effect from 1 October 1975 by the appellant to submit that the documents found during the course of search are presumed to correctly reflect the facts.   It is on the basis of the documents found during the course of search that the Assessing Officer had classified them into three   different   categories   indicating   the   alleged   heads   of expenditure.  This evidence is submitted in view of the retrospective amendment of the Act by Section 292C of the Act be accepted and S.S.DESHPANDE 26   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 the onus to establish that the expenditure referred to in documents is not correct is on the revenue. (k) In the present facts, we find that the documents found during the course of the search are inchoate.  It does not indicate the person to whom the payment has been made, the address of the recipient,   the   person   by   whom   the   payment   is   made   and   the documents itself indicates that it is prepared for either seeking of funds   or   reimbursement   of   funds.     Therefore   even   if   the presumption is to be applied and the documents are accepted as true, it would not lead to the conclusion that payments have been made in cash so as to claim the expenditure.   Thus no purpose would be served in remanding the issue to the Tribunal.   Further Section 292 of the Act provides that where any documents are found in possession or control of any person in the course of search under Section 132 of the Act, then it may be presumed in any proceedings under this Act that the contents of such documents are true and correct.   It will be noted that the section uses the word 'may presume' and not 'shall presume' or 'conclusively presume'. The   words   'may   presume'   are   in   the   nature   of   discretionary S.S.DESHPANDE 27   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 presumption different from a compulsory presumption.  Therefore this presumption has to be invoked by the authorities passing an order   under   the   Act   particularly   when   the   invocation   of   such presumption is discretionary on the authorities.  During the course of   the   assessment   proceedings,   the   appellant­assessee   sought   to explain  the fact that these expenses on which the deduction is claimed had in fact been incurred.  This was in response to the show cause notice issued to the appellant.  Thereafter Explanation offered by the appellant was not found satisfactory on the basis of the evidence available before the authorities and the Tribunal.  In this view of the matter, the amendment to Section 292C of the Act even though with retrospective effect would not bring about any material change in the conclusion arrived at upon the existing facts. (l) The   appellants   placed   great   emphasis   on   the   non­ applicability of the Explanation to Section 37(1) of the Act.  It was contended  that   the   payment   made   in   this  case   was  neither  an offence   nor   prohibited   by   law,   thus   the   occasion   to   apply   the Explanation to Section 37(1) of the Act would not arise.  In support reliance was placed upon numerous decisions.   However, in the S.S.DESHPANDE 28   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 facts of the present case, this would arise for examination only if we   were   come   to   the   conclusion   that   amounts   claimed   as expenditure had in fact been incurred by the appellant­assessee.

Therefore in the present facts, we have not examined the issue of applicability   of   Explanation   to   Section   37(1)   of   the   Act   to   the payments made.  Consequently, the numerous case laws cited at the bar also not examined. (m) The finding of facts recorded by the authorities under the Act on the issue of payment not being made is a possible view.  The same is not shown to be perverse on arbitrary. (n) In the above view, Question No.(3) is answered in the negative i.e. in favour of the revenue and against the appellant­ assessee.

7.

Regarding Question No.4:­ (a) During  the  course  of  the   search,   various  loose   papers were seized.  Perusal of these loose papers indicate proof of small amounts of money received.   In each of these papers there is a S.S.DESHPANDE 29   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 detailed description of material, corresponding weight per kg. and the rate applied.  Besides at the bottom of each of the loose pages, there   is   a   signature   below   the   words   'received'   with   date   also thereon.   Some of the chits which were recovered also indicates truck numbers.  The Assessing Officer was of the prima­facie view that these indicated sale proceeds of scrap material which have not been accounted in the regular books of accounts.  Consequently, the Assessing Officer issued notice to the appellant to show cause why the   receipts   of   amounts   indicated   in   these   chits   should   not   be considered as receipt on account of sale of scrap. (b) The appellant­assessee responded to notice pointing out that the loose papers seized in fact reflect purchase of scrap by the appellants and not sale.  These purchases were out of receipt of 'on money' received on sale of Stenter machines and therefore could not be added as undisclosed income for the block period. (c) The Assessing Officer did not accept the contentions of the   appellant­assessee   and   on   facts   held   that   in   the   course   of manufacture of Stenter machines, scrap would be generated and it S.S.DESHPANDE 30   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 is this scrap which is sold by the appellant­assessee.  The Assessing Officer held that scrap is not produced/manufactured, but in the course of manufacturing of finished product, scrap is generated. Thus on facts the Assessing Officer concluded that the amounts indicated  in   the   loose   papers   aggregating  to  Rs.8.78   lakhs   was nothing but sale proceeds of the scrap material and therefore added to the income of the appellants as income from undisclosed sources. In appeal, the members of the Regular Bench did not agree amongst themselves.     The   Accountant   Member   deleted   the   addition   of Rs.8.78 lakhs on the ground that the very fact that the documents in the possession of the appellant would indicate that the amounts have been received by the supplier/seller of scrap purchased by the appellant.  This is the only acceptable explanation for the appellant being in possession of the signed document.  The Judicial Member on the other hand on preponderance of probability came to the conclusion that in the normal course of human conduct, purchase of scrap if utilized in manufacturing activity would have been recorded in the normal books of accounts as deduction would be available. In these circumstances, he was of the view that purchase of scrap is ruled out and it has to be considered as sale of scrap.   The third S.S.DESHPANDE 31   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 member on a reference of the President agreed with the view of the Judicial Member and on finding of facts concluded that it seems likely that the appellant­assessee had sold scrap and not purchased scrap and therefore  the addition made by the Assessing Officer ought not to be disturbed.

8.

Mr.   Joshi,   in   support   of   his  submission   held   that   the amount of Rs.8.78 crores represents not consideration received on sale of scrap but is in fact consideration paid for purchase of scrap. The  very fact  that the  documents  acknowledging the  receipt of money was found in the possession of the appellant is indicative of the fact that the amount would have been paid on purchase of scrap and seller of scrap would have knowledge of the receipt of the same.  This receipt is what is found during the course of the search. Thus, the finding of the Judicial Member and the third member is not only erroneous but also perverse.   Thus the same has to be deleted.

9.

On the other hand, Mr. Suresh Kumar points out that these findings of fact arrived at by the majority members of the S.S.DESHPANDE 32   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 Tribunal confirming the view of the Assessing Officer cannot be interfered with as questions of law.  These findings of fact are not perverse as the conduct of the appellant of receiving money outside the books of accounts has been accepted by them for the period 1989­1996. Thus this Court should not interfere with the order of the Tribunal.

10.

We are of the view that the conclusion reached by the majority members of the Tribunal that there was in fact sale of scrap is a possible view.   This is particularly so as in normal course of human conduct any purchase of raw material even scrap would be shown in regular books of accounts as the same would be entitled to deduction so as to reduce the taxable profit.  No person carrying on business would in the usual course of its activity, deny itself the benefit of any deduction available to it in determining the taxable profit.  Further the reasoning of the authorities that there is a sale of scrap viz. that one normally does not manufacture final products out of scrap, but scrap is certainly generated during the course of manufacturing final products, cannot be faulted.   The appellant­ assessee was manufacturing Stenter machines and in the normal S.S.DESHPANDE 33   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 course there would have been scrap generated in the manufacturing Stenter machines.  It is the scrap which is likely to be sold in the open   market   for   the   consideration   received   by   the   appellant. Moreover, the appellant has not produced any evidence before the authorities to indicate who the suppliers of the scrap was or filed their evidence to indicate that they had sold scrap to the appellant. In   these   circumstances,   the   finding   of   facts   arrived   at   by   the majority   members   of   the   Tribunal   upholding   the   order   of   the Assessing Officer is a plausible view.  The same cannot be said to be perverse and/or arbitrary.  Accordingly, Question No.(4) as raised is answered in the negative i.e. in favour of the revenue and against the appellant­assessee.

11.

Accordingly,   all   the   above   questions   are   answered   in favour of the revenue and against the appellant­assessee.

12.

Accordingly, appeal dismissed.  No order as to costs. [G.S. KULKARNI, J] [M.S. SANKLECHA, J.] S.S.DESHPANDE 34   /  34 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 12:42:29 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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