PRINCIPAL COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX (CENTRAL)-4 MUMBAI vs. INCOME TAX SETTLEMENT COMMISSION (ITSC) ADDITIONAL BENCH AND 42 ORS

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WP/2562/2015HC Bombay14 February 2017Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE M.S. SANKLECHA, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE A. K. MENON28 pages
AI SummaryDismissed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court dismissed the writ petition. Regarding the first issue, the Court found that the Petitioner had not demonstrated any flaw in the decision-making process of the ITSC, nor was the order perverse. The Court noted that the Petitioner had accepted the impugned order and demanded payments based on it, indicating acceptance that the term 'mafia' was used loosely and did not violate Section 37. Furthermore, the Court observed that the time for rectification applications had expired and the members who passed the order had retired, reinforcing the finality of the order. On the second issue concerning Sections 37 and 40A(3), the Court held that the ITSC allowed only 78% of the expenditure, implying that all payments, including those to 'mafia', were factored into the settlement. The Court emphasized that disallowance is based on the purpose of the expenditure, not the recipient, and that payment to 'mafia' is not inherently an offense or prohibited by law. Regarding penalty immunity, the Court found that Section 245H of the Act does not exclude Sections 271D and 271E from the Commission's power to grant immunity. The Court concluded that any perceived mistake in the ITSC's order regarding immunity from penalties under Sections 271D and 271E was a 'mistake on the face of it' and did not warrant interference, especially since the ITSC intended to grant partial immunity and the Petitioner had not sought rectification.

What were the facts?

The Petitioner, Principal Commissioner of Income Tax, challenged an order dated November 28, 2014, passed by the Income Tax Settlement Commission (ITSC) under Section 245D(4) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. This order allowed settlement applications filed by Lodha Group entities (Respondents 2 to 43) for assessment years 2005-06 to 2012-13. The Petitioner's challenge was based on the assertion that the Respondents had not made a full and true disclosure of income and that the ITSC had ignored statutory provisions like Sections 37 and 40A(3) while allowing estimated expenditure. The procedural history involved prior writ petitions where the High Court had set aside an earlier ITSC order for not giving a clear finding on full and true disclosure, and subsequently, the ITSC re-examined and allowed the applications.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the Income Tax Settlement Commission erred in allowing the settlement applications despite the Respondent-Assessees allegedly failing to make a full and true disclosure of their income, as required under Section 245C(1) of the Income Tax Act, 1961? 2. Whether the Income Tax Settlement Commission, in allowing the settlement applications, ignored the statutory provisions of Section 37 and Section 40A(3) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, concerning the estimation of expenditure? Assessee's Contentions (Implicit in Petitioner's arguments): - The Respondent-Assessees failed to make a full and true disclosure of income in their settlement applications. - The ITSC ignored Sections 37 and 40A(3) of the Act when allowing estimated expenditure. - The ITSC lacked jurisdiction to decide the settlement application due to the failure to make a full and true disclosure. Revenue's Contentions (Implicit in Respondent's arguments): - The ITSC's order was not perverse and fell within its jurisdiction. - The issue of 'mafia' payments was raised for the first time before the High Court and was not part of the original writ petition grounds. - The use of the term 'mafia' was in a loose sense and did not attract Explanation 1 to Section 37. - The ITSC factored in payments to 'mafia' while allowing only 78% of the claimed expenditure, not 92%. - Payments made for legal work, even to alleged criminals, are allowable if not prohibited by law or an offense. - The ITSC had the power to grant partial immunity from penalties under Section 245H, and Section 245H does not exclude Sections 271D and 271E from its purview.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 245C(1),Section 245D(4),Section 37,Section 40A(3),Section 245D(2C),Section 245D(4A)(iii),Section 245H(1),Section 271D,Section 271E,Section 271(1)(c),Section 245D(6B)

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IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION WRIT PETITION NO.2562 OF 2015

Principal Commissioner of Income Tax ] (Central)­4, Mumbai, Aayakar Bhavan, ] M. K. Marg, Mumbai 400 020. ] .. Petitioner. v/s. 1 Income Tax Settlement Commission (ITSC) ] Additional Bench, 2nd Floor, Mahalaxmi ] Chambers, S. K. Rathod Marg, ] Mahalaxmi, Mumbai 400 034. ] 2 M/s. Lodha Developers Pvt. Ltd., ] 3 M/s. Lodha Finstock Pvt. Ltd., ] 4 M/s. Infratech Builders and Agro Pvt. Ltd., ] (now merged with M/s. Lodha Crown ] Buildmart Pvt. Ltd., ] 5 M/s. Shreeniwas Cotton Mills Ltd., ] 6 M/s. Arihant Premises Pvt. Ltd., ] 7 M/s. Lodha Crown Buildmart Pvt. Ltd., ] 8 M/s. Lodha Healthy Construction & ] Developers Pvt. Ltd., ] 9 M/s. Maa Padmavati Build­Tech Pvt. Ltd., ] 10 M/s. Microtec Construction Pvt. Ltd., ] 11 M/s. Asthavinayak Estate Co. Pvt. Ltd., ] 12 M/s. Lodha Glowing Construction Pvt. Ltd.,] 13 M/s. Lodha Home Developers Pvt. Ltd., ] 14 M/s. Sahajanand Hi­tech Construction ] Pvt. Ltd., ] 15 M/s. Lodha Pranik Landmark Associates ] 16 M/s. Lodha Construction (Dombivili) ] 17 M/s. Lodha Estate Pvt. Ltd., ] 18 M/s. Mahavir Premises Pvt. Ltd., ] 19 M/s. Cowtown Land Development Pvt. Ltd.,] 20 M/s. Lodha Impression Real Estate Pvt. Ltd.] 21 M/s. Macrotech Constructions Pvt. Ltd., ] S.R.JOSHI 1 of 28 CNR No : HCBM020234262015 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 M/s. Lodha Buildcon Pvt. Ltd., ] 23 M/s. Lodha Dwellers Pvt. Ltd., ] 24 M/s. Lodha Novel Buildfarms Pvt. Ltd., ] 25 M/s. Vivek Enterprises ] 26 M/s. Asthavinayak Real Estate Co. Pvt. Ltd ] 27 M/s. Adinath Builders Pvt. Ltd., ] 28 M/s. Ajinath Hi­tech Builders Pvt. Ltd., ] 29 M/s. Anantnath Constructions & Farms ] Pvt. Ltd., ] 30 M/s. Dharmanath Build­Tech & Farms ] Pvt. Ltd., ] 31 M/s. Galaxy Premises Pvt. Ltd., ] 32 M/s. Hi Class Buildcon Pvt. Ltd., ] 33 M/s. Lodha Building & Construction Pvt.Ltd] 34 M/s. Lodha Designer Constructions Pvt.Ltd.] 35 M/s. Lodha Land Developers Pvt. Ltd., ] 36 M/s. Lodha Properties Development Pvt.Ltd] 37 M/s. Siddhant Residential Paradise Pvt. Ltd.] 38 M/s. Shantinath Designer Construction ] Pvt. Ltd., ] 39 M/s. Suryakrupa Farms & Construction ] Pvt. Ltd., ] 40 M/s. Mahavir  Build Estate Pvt. Ltd., ] 41 M/s. Naminath Builders & Farms Pvt. Ltd., ] 42 M/s. Padmavati Build­Tech & Farms Pvt.Ltd] 43 M/s. Shree Sainath Enterprises ] Respondent Nos. 2 to 43 are having office at] 216, Shah & Nahar Industrial Estate ] Dr. E. Moses Road, Worli, ] Mumbai 400 018. ] .. Respondents. Mr.   Kevic   Setalvad,   Sr.   Advocate   with   Mr.   Girish   Dave,   Ms.   Sushma Nagaraj & Mr. N. C. Mohanty, for the Petitioner. Mr. Janak Dwarkadas, Sr. Advocate with Mr. Sharan Jagtiani, Ms. Rishika Harish, Mr. Rahul Dwarkadas, Ms. Prachi Dhanani & Mr. Yuvraj Chokshi i/b. Veritas Legal, for Respondent Nos.2 to 43. CORAM:  M.S.SANKLECHA, & A.K.MENON, JJ. RERSERVED ON  :  6th FEBRUARY, 2017. PRONOUNCED ON  :  14th FEBRUARY, 2017. S.R.JOSHI 2 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 JUDGMENT (Per M. S. Sanklecha,J.):­ This Petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, challenges the order dated 28th  November, 2014 passed under Section 245D(4) of Income Tax Act, 1961 (the Act) passed by the Income Tax Settlement Commission (Commission). By the impugned order dated 28th November, 2014, the Commission has allowed the Settlement Application filed by the Lodha Group i.e. Respondent Nos.2 to 43. 2 It is a settled position in law that  while exercising jurisdiction of judicial review of final orders passed by the Settlement Commission under   Section   254­D(4)   of   the   Act,   the   Writ   Court,   would   normally interfere only in the following classes of orders:­ (a) Order   revealing   flaws   in   the   decision   making   process   by   the Commission; or (b) Order contrary to the provisions of the Act ; or (c) Order revealing  bias or malice on the part of the Commission; or (d) Order which is perverse. This is a self imposed restraint and does not prohibit the Court from exercising its jurisdiction in a fit case to interfere with orders of the Commission passed under Chapter XIX­A of the Act, of which section 245D(4)   of   the   Act,   is   a   part.   Therefore,   only   on   the   above   broad parameters, we would exercise our Writ Jurisdiction. Further, it must be noted that if the view of the Commission in the impugned order on facts, is not perverse, then merely because on closer examination of facts, a different view is likely/ possible, the Court would not interfere. We are not an Appellate Court to examine and weigh the evidence before the Commission to reach a different conclusion, so long as the order of the Commission is not perverse. S.R.JOSHI 3 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 The grievance of the Petitioner before us to the impugned order of the Commission is two fold as under:­ (a) The impugned order ignored the fact that the Respondent had not made a full   and   true   disclosure of its income, while filing its application for settlement; and (b) The impugned order has   ignored the statutory   provisions viz: Section 37  and Section 40 (A) (3) of the Act while allowing the estimated expenditure, to determine the income. The challenge of the Petitioner to the impugned order is based upon lack   of   jurisdiction   in   the   Commission   to   decide   the   Settlement Application in view of the Respondent­Assessee's failure to make full and true disclosure as required under Section 245C(1) of the Act. Further, the impugned   order   is   challenged   in   view   of   the   alleged   failure   of   the Commission, to consider the statutory provisions viz: Sections 245C(1), 37 and 40­A(3) of the Act, while allowing the settlement application. Therefore, the impugned order, it is submitted, ignores the provisions of the Act and is in defiance of the mandate, as provided in Section 245D(4) of the Act. In view of the above, we are of the view that the Petition does require consideration for admission. 4 Briefly, the facts giving rise to this Petition, are as under:­ (a) On 30th  January, 2013, the Respondent filed their application for settlement under Section 245(C)(1) of the Act. The applications were filed for the period ranging from Assessment Years 2005­06 to 2012­13; S.R.JOSHI 4 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 (b) On 12th February, 2013, the Commission accepted the Respondents' applications for settlement under Section 245­D(1) of the Act. Thus allowing the settlement applications to  be  proceeded with; (c) On 8th April, 2013, the Commission passed an order under Section 245­D(2C) of the Act, holding that the applications were not invalid and allowing the applications to be proceeded with further; (d) Being aggrieved by the order dated 8th  April, 2013 passed under Section 245­D (2C) of the Act, the Petitioner filed a writ being Writ Petition No.2135 of 2013 in this Court. This on the ground that the Commission had not given a clear finding on the issue of true and full disclosure of its income in the settlement applications before concluding at the stage of Section 245­D(2C) of the Act that the applications are not invalid and allowing it to be proceeded with; (e) On   28th  February,   2014,   this   Court   allowed   the   Writ   Petition No.2135 of 2013 by setting aside the order dated 8th  April, 2013 of the Commission. It further restored the issue to the Commission at the stage of Section 245D(2C) of the Act, to give a clear finding about the full and true disclosure made by the Respondent; (f) On 16th May, 2014, the Commission passed an order under Section 245­D(2C)   of   the   Act,   holding   that   there   was   a   full   and   true disclosure  and  the applicationss for settlement were not  invalid. It, therefore, allowed the settlement applications to be proceeded with; (g) Being aggrieved with the order dated 16th May, 2014, the Petitioner S.R.JOSHI 5 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 filed a writ being a Writ Petition No.2096 of 2014, challenging the same.  This again on the ground that the Respondent had not made true and full disclosure of its income and, therefore, an order  under Section   245D(2C)   of   the   Act   allowing   the   applications   to   be proceeded with, is bad in law; (h) On  9th  October,   2014,   this   Court   disposed  of  the   Writ   Petition No.2096 of 2014 declining to entertain the Petition  by observing that the time limit for the Commission to pass an order as stipulated in   Section   245­D(4­A)   (iii)   of   the   Act,   was   to   expire   on   30th November, 2014. However,  the order dated  9th  October,  2014 of   this   Court   made   it   clear   that   the   disposal   of   Writ   Petition No.2096 of 2014, would not   come in the way of the Petitioner, raising the contention of failure to make true and full disclosure of the income on the part of the Respondents at the hearing of the application at the stage of Section 245­D(4) of the Act. It was further  clarified that  the  Petitioner  would  not  be estopped from challenging  the  finding of  the  Commission on  all issues including the issue of true and full disclosure of income and the manner in which the income was earned from an order of the Commission at the stage of Section 245­D(4) of the Act. It was also recorded that in case the Petitioner does challenge the order of the Commission under Section 245D(4) of the Act, at that stage, the Court would consider whether   the Petitioner   should   also   be   allowed to challenge     the   order     dated   16th  May,   2014   passed   under Section 245­D (2C) of the Act; and (i) Thereafter, the application for settlement filed by the Respondents, S.R.JOSHI 6 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 were   heard   by   the   Commission   on   various   dates   i.e.   on   13th October,2014, 21st October, 2014 and 5th November, 2014, leading to   the   impugned   order   dated   28th  November,   2014   under Section 245­D(4) of  the Act. 5 Mr. Kevic Setalvad, learned Senior Counsel appearing for the Petitioner in support of the Petition, submits as under:­ (a) The  impugned order of  the Commission has settled the dispute, determining the additional income at Rs. 340 Crores as  against  the disclosed  income of   Rs.  245  Crores.  This determination  of un­ disclosed   income   far   in   excess   of   the   income   disclosed   by   the Petitioner, would by itself be conclusive of the failure on the part of the Respondent­Assessees to make a full and true disclosure of its income; (b) No full and true disclosure of income in respect of parking charges recovered   by   Respondent­Assessee,   has   been   made.   The Respondent­Assessee had in its application for settlement, pointed out that the amount receivable on account of parking charges, was Rs.258 Crores. However, a 10% deduction/ exemption from the entire   amount   recoverable   on   account   of   parking   charges,   was reduced   as   non­recoverable   leading   to   disclosure   of   income   of Rs.232 Crores. This disclosure was not full and true as 10% of the gross receipts claimed by the Respondents as a deduction had been disallowed and added back by Commission. This was so as no satisfactory evidence with  regard to the deduction  claimed was produced by the Respondent­Assessees; S.R.JOSHI 7 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 (c) No full  and  true disclosure  was  made  in  respect  of  'on   money' received  by   Respondent­Assessee.   The   Respondent­Assessee   had claimed out of the total “on money'  received  an amount of 8% is income, as 92% of the  'on money' had been spent/expended. As against that, the impugned order found that the 78% out of the 'on   money'  received   could   only   be   allowed   as   estimated expenditure.   Therefore,   bringing   to   tax   22%   of   the   total   'on money'  received   and   not  8%   as   claimed   by   the   Respondent­ Assessee in its application; and (d) The impugned  order has  been  passed  in breach of the  specific provisions of the Act as is evident from the following:­ (i) Section 40­A(3) of the Act provides that   all payments   made in cash in excess of Rs.20,000/­ have to be paid through the banking channel/route. On the above basis, it must be held that the entire cash expenditure, was to be disallowed under the aforesaid Section; (ii) After recording the fact that some amount of estimated expenditure claimed by the Respondent­Assesssee, was payment made to mafia, yet Explanation­I to Section 37 was not invoked to disallow the estimated expenditure on the above account; and (iii) After   recording   that   the   Respondent­Assessee   is   not   entitled   to immunity   from   penalty under Sections 271D and 271E of the Act, yet had granted a partial immunity from penalty. This penalty was imposable for having received loans in cash and paid back the same  in cash, thereby inviting penalty   under   Sections   271D   and 271E of the Act. S.R.JOSHI 8 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 Mr.   Setalvad,   learned   Senior   Counsel   in   support   of   the Petition states that admittedly, the Commission has determined higher amount   of   income   disclosed   in   the   application   for   settlement   under Section 245­C(1) of the Act. From the above, it is submitted that it follows that there has been a failure on the part of the Applicant to make a true and   full   disclosure,   warranting   the   rejection   of   the   application   for settlement. In support, reliance is placed upon the decision of the Madras High Court in Kanara Jewellers and Others v/s. Settlement Commission reported   in  315   ITR   328. It   is   submitted  by   the   Petitioner   that   the aforesaid decision of the Madras High Court has proceeded on the basis that once the Commission revises the income disclosed by the Applicant before it, to a higher figure, then it must ipso facto follow that no true and full disclosure of income has been made by the Applicant in its settlement application. Consequently, the application for settlement itself becomes not maintainable under Section 245­C of the Act. 7 This, reading of the Madras High Court's decision in Kanara Jewellers (supra)   on the part of the Petitioner does not appear to be correct as evident from the facts arising before it. The Assessee therein had filed an application for settlement, declaring undisclosed income. The Commission allowed the application for settlement by an order under Section 245D(4) of the Act while enhancing the amount declared as undisclosed   income   in   its   application   for   settlement.   This   order   was challenged by the Assessee  before the learned Single Judge of the Madras High Court on the ground that Commission has no jurisdiction to enhance the   amounts   disclosed/   declared   in   the   settlement   application   while settling the dispute under Chapter XIX­A of the Act. The Assessee then S.R.JOSHI 9 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 submitted that the Commission has either to accept the amounts  declared in the settlement application or reject it, but it cannot increase it. The learned Single Judge of the Madras High Court rejected the Petition on the   ground   that   there   is   no   provision   in   the   Act,   prohibiting   the Commission from arriving at an income higher then that declared in the application for settlement. Being aggrieved, the Assesssee carried the issue in appeal before the Division Bench, which allowed its appeal. This by holding that the Commission had come to a finding that there is no full and   true   disclosure   of   the   Assessee's   income   in   its   application   for settlement. Therefore, on the basis of the above finding that there is no true and full disclosure, the Court held that the application for settlement had to be rejected. The rejection of the application for settlement by the Division   Bench   was   not   on   the   basis   that   the   amounts   disclosed   in settlement   proceedings   is   a   ceiling   for   the   quantum   of   settlement. Therefore, the basis of the Madras High Court's decision is not premised on the fact that the income of the Petitioner determined for settlement is higher then that disclosed. The submission of the Petitioner that the above decision leads to an inescapable conclusion that settlement of income at a higher figure than that disclosed in settlement application, is evidence of failure to make a full and true disclosure in the settlement application made by the Applicants, cannot be accepted. 8 In any case, if we read the Madras High Court's order in Kanara Jewellers (supra) as suggested by the Petitioner, then it appears to us to  have been rendered sub­silento.  This is so as attention of the Court was not invited to sub­section 6­A of Section 245­D of the Act. This sub­ section specifically provides that where any tax payable in pursuance of an order passed under Section 245­D(4) of the Act, is not paid within 35 S.R.JOSHI 10 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 days from receipt of the order of the Commission, than interest on the tax so   determined,   would   become   payable   by   the   Applicant.   Thus,   the aforesaid provisions clearly bring out the fact that the Commission could settle the dispute between the parties at a higher income than the income disclosed by the Assessee in its application for settlement. It is only in such a case that tax become payable in pursuance of the order passed under Section 245D(4) of the Act, as otherwise, the Applicant has to pay tax payable on the income disclosed in its application for settlement along with interest before filing its application under Section 245­C(1) of the Act  with the Commission. Thus, the decision of the Madras  High Court in Kanara   Jewellers   (supra)   having   not   considered   the   above   statutory provisions is rendered sub­silento. 9 One more reason why the contention of the Petitioner is  not acceptable, is that if one imposes a ceiling for settlement to the income disclosed in the application, take a case where an amount of income is not disclosed/offered as undeclared income on the basis of a decision of a Tribunal or Court holding it to be exempted/ non­taxable. By the time, the Commission   disposes  of  the   application  at   245D(4)  stage,   the   earlier decision of the Tribunal or Court has been reversed by a higher forum. If the contention of the Petitioner is to be accepted, then even in such a case, where higher income is determined, the application would have to be rejected for failure to make full and true disclosure of its income. Therefore, it would not be correct to conclude that merely because the Commission has enhanced the amount disclosed in the application, after hearing the parties and examining the evidence that there has been a failure to make true and full disclosure of its income on the part of the Applicant. It must be kept in mind that so long as the claim made by the S.R.JOSHI 11 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 Applicant, is true, full and bona fide, on disclosure of all primary facts, then   merely   because   the   claim   made   after   disclosure   of   all   facts   is rejected, would not by itself result in a disclosure, not being being true and   full.   In   this   case,   the   Respondent­Assessee   has   not   offered   any additional   income   to   that   disclosed   in   its   application,   it   is   only   the Commission   which   disallowed   a   part   of   the   Respondent's   claim   for expenditure to determine the income for settlement. Therefore,  prima facie, we found no merit in the above submission of the Petitioner. 10 We, therefore, called upon the Petitioner to respond to our prima facie  view and reconcile the   decision of Madras High Court in Kanara Jewellers (supra) with sub­section 6­A of Section 245D of the Act and granted time for the same. 11 On   the   next   date,   Mr.   Setalvad,   learned   Senior   Counsel appearing for the Petitioner accepted the fact that the decision of the Madras High Court in Kanara Jewellers (supra), would not lead to the conclusion that mere settlement of an income at a figure higher than that declared by the Applicant, would ipso facto mean a failure to make a full and true disclosure of   income.   However, Mr. Setalvad then changed track to submit that in the present facts, the manner in which income has been derived, has not been disclosed appropriately, thus it  amounts to a failure to make full and true disclosure of the income. 12 On first principle, the above submission cannot be accepted. This for the reason that the requirements/ conditions precedent under Section 245C of the Act for making an application for Settlement are as under:­ S.R.JOSHI 12 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 (a) Full and true disclosure of income which has not been disclosed before the Assessing Officer; (b) The manner in which such income has been derived; (c) The additional amount of income tax payable on such income; and (d) Such other particular as may be prescribed. Each of the above requirements have to be independently satisfied.   Not  disclosing   the   manner   in   which   such   income   has   been derived,   is   a   condition   to   be   satisfied   independent   of   full   and   true disclosure of income which has not been disclosed. In case, the manner in which such disclosed income has been derived has not been set out in the application, then the application is to be rejected on that ground alone. In this   case,   the   Petitioner   contends   that   the   necessary   evidence   of   the manner in which income has been derived, was not contained in the application.   Therefore,   failure   to   make   full   and   true   disclosure.   It   is submitted that in the absence of any explanation or the lack of evidence in support of the application would make the application bad for failure to make a full and true disclosure. We asked Mr. Setalvad – whether such a contention was raised by Petitioner before the Commission. In response, he points out although such an objection was not specifically raised, the onus to disclose the same is on the Applicant. Therefore, not having submitted the necessary evidence in support of the manner in which income which is subject to tax has been derived, would mean failure to make a true and full disclosure in its application for settlement. 13 In   our   view,   this   non­disclosure   of   the   manner   in   which income is derived, is a completely  different ground from failure to make full and true disclosure of the income, not disclosed. In any case, we S.R.JOSHI 13 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 called upon Mr. Setalvad, to indicate any evidence available with the Petitioner, which would establish even prima facie, that the disclosure of the manner in which income has been derived, was false and/or incorrect. This non­submission of available evidence by the Respondent­Assessee contrary to the disclosure made of the manner in which such income is derived would make it false   and/or incorrect. However, the Petitioner was   not   able   to   point   out   any   evidence   in   support   of   the   above submission.   In  fact,   when  no  evidence   is  available  in  support  of  the expenditure incurred while disclosing the manner in which the income is derived and it is so stated in the application, how can the allegation of failure to make full and true disclosure of income, of the manner of deriving income can be made, much less sustained. 14 Mr.   Setalvad,   learned   Senor   Counsel   appearing   for   the Petitioner in support of its submission relied upon the decision of this Court in Vijaykumar Bagadia v/s. Income Tax Settlement Commission 2009 (SCC) On line (Bom.) 1514. The aforesaid decision does make reference to the decision of the Madras High Court and states that it approves the observation in Kanara Jewellers (supra) that there must be a disclosure   of   income   which   has   not   been   disclosed   earlier   for   the application to be maintainable before the Settlement Commission. There is no dispute with regard to the above proposition. However, it does not touch the issue at hand namely – failure to truly and fully disclose the manner in which the income was derived. 15 Next, he next relied upon the decision of the Delhi High Court   in  Agson   Global   Pvt.   Ltd.,   v/s.   Income   Tax   Settlement Commission 380 ITR 343 . In the above case, the Delhi High Court held S.R.JOSHI 14 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 that the Commission while settling the dispute between the parties cannot direct a special audit under Section 142(2A) of the Act by placing reliance upon Section 245(F) of the Act. Thus, upholding the Assessee's contention before it that Section 245(F) of the Act provides that the Commission is vested with all powers vested in an authority acting under the Act. The Delhi High Court held that the Commission while settling the dispute cannot enter into the arena of an Assessment, which the Assessing Officer would do under Chapter XIV of the Act. The Delhi High Court in fact observed that the Assessment which the Commission has to do, is by way of settlement as observed by the  Supreme Court's decision in Brijlal v/s. CIT 2011 (1) SCC 1. 16 Lastly, he placed reliance upon the decision of the Division Bench of Jharkhand High Court in Pavan Kumar v/s. Union of India 326 ELT   493  –   wherein   the   Division   Bench   held   that   the   Settlement Commission cannot exercise substantive power of income tax authorities but only a procedural power vested in the authorities under the Act. We are unable to understand how does it support the contention that there is a failure to disclose truly and fully the manner in which the income was derived. 17 In   the   above   view,   we   do   not   find   any   merit   in   the submissions on part of the Petitioner, that in the present facts, there was failure  on   the   part  of   Respondent­Assesssee  to   make   a  true   and  full disclosure of the manner in which income was derived. 18 So   far   as   second   and   third  submissions   on   behalf   of   the Petitioner   is   concerned,   in   respect   of   failure   to   make   full   and   true disclosure of the amount recovered on account of car parking charges and S.R.JOSHI 15 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 'on money' received, mere non­acceptance of the claim made will not make the application lacking in full and true disclosure. This full and true disclosure should be of primary facts. The allowance or disallowance, of a claim made thereon, by the Commission, will not determine the issue of full and true disclosure. 19 So   far  as  the  failure   to  make  full  and  true   disclosure  of parking charges is concerned, we find that Applicants in its applications for settlement had very clearly stated that the car parking charges are received in cheque by the Applicants though not in their names. These cheques   are,   thereafter   discounted   and   the   cash   so   obtained   after discounting, is used for business purposes. The Applicants also point out that there are certain classes of sale on which no  car parking charges are recoverable. However, the Applicants declared in its application that it is seeking a deduction of 10%  from the amount of Rs.258 Crores received on account of car parking charges as attributable to car parking charges not   recoverable.     The   Revenue   filed   its   report   under   Rule   9   of   the Settlement   Commission   Rules   (Commission   Rules)   –   wherein   it   was submitted   that   the   Applicants   have   continued   to   receive   car   parking charges even after 10th January, 2011 and the same has not been disclosed as  car  parking  charges  recovered.   If  the   same  is   taken  into   account, according to the Revenue, the car parking charges recovered should be quantified   as   Rs.332   Crores.   However,   it   is   to   be   noted   that   the Commission records that the Petitioner had  not been able to point out a single   instance   of   the   Respondent­Assessees   having   received   any   car parking charges post 10th  January, 2011 either in its Rule 9   Report or even   in   his   report     filed   thereafter.   Therefore,   the   Commission   on consideration of the record before it, noted that the Revenue has not S.R.JOSHI 16 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 submitted   any   evidence   before   it   in   support   of   its   case   that   the Respondent­Assessees continued to receive car parking charges in the name of third parties post search i.e. 10th January, 2011. 20 However, it is true that the Commission had not accepted the Petitioner's claim that 10% of deduction on the car parking charges should be allowed and brought to tax the entire amount of Rs.256 Crores as income received for settlement of the dispute. This declaration of 10% was claimed by the Petitioner on an ad­hoc estimated basis. The same was so disclosed in its application for settlement. This ad­hoc/ estimated claim of deduction was not found by the Commission to be false. Nor does the Petitioner in his report before the Commission offer any evidence of the claim for deductions being false. Therefore, merely because the claim of the Respondent for 10% deduction from the parking charges receivable, admittedly made on estimated basis, is rejected, it would not follow that there has been a failure to fully and truly disclose its income in the applications for settlement. It must be borne in mind that normally a statement made in an application for settlement that it is based full and true disclosure is to be accepted, unless there is evidence found contrary to the disclosure made. 21 The statement made on oath by the Applicant, cannot be dis­ believed on mere whim and fancy. As the Petitioner has not been able to show   that   the   finding   of   the   Commission   on   the   impugned   issue   is perverse, no occasion to interfere arises, as it is a possible view. 22 So far as the next submission of Mr. Setalvad is concerned, it is in respect  of no full and true disclosure of taxable income on the 'on money'   received. The contention is that expenditure claimed out of  'on S.R.JOSHI 17 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 money'  received  at   92%   as   made   in   the   application   for   settlement, offering as income only 8% of the 'on money' received was not accepted. This as the impugned order settles the income at 22% of the 'on money' received, itself evidences, according to the Petitioner  failure to make a true and full disclosure. 23 On examination of the above contention, we find that in its application, the Applicants had stated that the 'on money'  is utilized for business   purposes.   These   are   expenses   incurred   for   payment   to encroachers,   brokerages   and   commission,   acquisition   of   land,   land aggregation cost etc., to the extent of 92% of the  'on money'  received. During the course of the hearing, the Commission granted permission to the Petitioner on selective  basis to verify whether the expenses claimed, had actually been incurred. However, the Petitioner did not bring to the notice of the Commission any information contrary to that claimed by the Respondent as its expenses. However, the Commission on the basis of profit before tax in various group companies, settled the net income at 22%. Therefore,   allowing expenditure only up to 78% of  'on money' received. This finding of the Commission is not shown to be perverse.  It is a possible view taken on the facts before it. 24 Similarly, during the course of submissions, Mr. Setalvad also sought   to   challenge   the   determination   of  'on   money'  received   by   the Commission.   This   on   the   ground   that   it   examined   three   alternative method of computing 'on money' received and adopted the highest of the three   alternative   to   determine   the   estimated  'on   money'  received. However,   nothing   was   shown   to   us   to   establish   that   the   same   was perverse   and/or   contrary   to   the   Act.   Therefore,   no   interference   is warranted. S.R.JOSHI 18 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 The next submission urged on behalf of the Petitioner by Mr. Setalvad   is   that   the   impugned   order   is   not   in   accordance   with   the provisions of the Act. The Petitioner has proceeded on a presumption that the amount which have been paid in cash and claimed as expenditure by the Respondent­Assessee, are in excess of Rs.20,000/­ and, therefore, the said payments are hit by Section 40­A(3) of the Act and cannot be allowed as deduction. Section 40­A(3) of the Act, states that no deduction will  be allowed on expenditure where an amount in excess of Rs.20,000/­ is made to a person or aggregate of payment to a person in a day, otherwise than by way of account payee cheque or bank draft. There is no evidence on record to show that the Respondent­Assessee had made any payment to one single person in a day in excess of Rs.20,000/­. Therefore, there is no basis for disallowing expenditure by invoking Section 40­A(3) of the Act.   The   Revenue   cannot   proceed   on   presumptions   and   assumptions without   any   evidence   to   even   remotely   support   the   allegation   that payment in excess of Rs.20,000/­ was made to one person in a day to disallow expenditure under Section 40­A(3) of the Act. Therefore, the submission made on behalf of the Petitioner is without any substance and the   grievance   that   this   submission   has   not   been   considered   by   the Commission in the impugned order, would  not in any manner carry the issue   further.   In   fact   when   we   asked   the   Counsel   for   the   Petitioner whether the Revenue had led any evidence in support of its submission that payment have been made in excess of Rs.20,000/­ in cash per day to a person, it was replied in the negative. Thus,  we see  no reason to interfere. 26 The next objection on behalf of the Petitioner is that the S.R.JOSHI 19 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 settlement is vitiated on account of an amount paid to the mafia, amongst other people as recorded in paragraph 19 of the impugned order. This payment, the Petitioner submits is an offence and/ or payment  prohibited by law. Therefore, the estimated amount attributable to the mafia, cannot be allowed as an expenditure incurred in course of business being hit by Explanation­I to Section 37 of the Act.  There cannot be any dispute that the order of the Commission has to be in accordance with the Act and matters cannot be settled by it de­hors the provisions of the Act. 27 We, therefore, called upon Mr. Dwarkadas, learned Senior Counsel appearing for the Respondents to respond to the same. He points out that the impugned order of the Commission dated 28th  November, 2014 was accepted by all the parties. The Petitioner had also accepted the payment of Rs.23.09 Crores made by the Respondent­Assessee on various dates, the last of which was on 21st  March, 2015, in pursuance of the impugned order. In fact, consequent to the impugned order dated 28th November, 2014 of the Tribunal, the Petitioner had addressed various letters to the Respondent­Assessee, demanding the amount due. This is  a clear evidence of acceptance of the order on the part of the Petitioner. This Petition was filed only on 21st August, 2015 i.e. a good eight months after the passing of the impugned order dated 28th  November, 2014. It was always the understanding of all the parties that the word 'mafia' used in the impugned order was used in a loose sense and in any case, the payment to the so­called 'mafia' was not for illegal activity but only for protection of men and property. In fact, this issue of payment to mafia being hit  by Explanation­I to Section 37 of the Act, is urged only at the hearing. In fact, Mr. Dwarkadas, took us through the grounds to establish that this was not the Revenue's case when it came to Court. It was further S.R.JOSHI 20 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 pointed out that the time for making an application for rectification to the impugned order dated 28th November, 2014 is only six months from the date of the impugned order in terms of Section 245D(6B) of the Act. Therefore, if this grievance was raised immediately on passing of the impugned order by filing a Petition or resisting the payment consequent to settlement, then the mistake, if any, could have been corrected by filing a rectification application. Therefore, the Petitioner had no grievance or deliberately waited for the six months to expire before mounting this challenge at the hearing as it was not a ground in the Petition. This conduct on the part of the Petitioner itself dis­entitles the Petitioner from seeking any relief under Article 226 of the Constitution of India. It was submitted that remand, as suggested on this issue, would also serve no purpose as the composition of the Commission would have undergone a change and the members who passed the orders may not now be in office. It was further pointed out that the word payments to 'mafia' is not used by the applicant in its application or in any of the submissions made by it before the Commission. We asked the Petitioner to confirm if this so and whether they dispute the same. For the above purpose, the hearing was again adjourned to enable the above exercise on part of the Petitioner. 28 On the next date Mr. Setalvad stated that on going through all pleadings, he accepts the fact that there has been no statement made on behalf of the Respondent­Assessee or even on behalf of the Petitioner that the Respondent­Assessee had made any payments to local  'mafia'. Nevertheless, he contends that admission of illegal payments is inherent in the reply of the Respondent­Assessee to the report dated 14th August, 2013 of the Commissioner of Income Tax under Rule 9 of the Settlement Rules. In particular, our attention was invited to paragraph 123 thereof – S.R.JOSHI 21 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 wherein it is stated as follows: “ …..   It   is   submitted   that   extrapolation   for   expenditure should also be made when it is equally common practice in real estate business to borrow money in cash to incur various business expenses including getting clear title and remove encumbrances, unauthorized occupants, settling claimants etc. and there is clear indication   that   such   expenditure   is   incurred.   Therefore,   the expenditure   also   should   be   extrapolated   without   insisting   on evidence for making such claim.” Further, reliance is placed upon paragraph 124 of the said reply which reads as  under:­ “ … It is well­known that in Mumbai, the properties are really   difficult   to   get   without   any   disputes   and   settling   the disputes in the court consumes almost a life period of a person which certainly is  not affordable or feasible for business entities engaged in execution of projects intended to give to the buyers a title which is free from any claims.” According to Mr. Setalvad, the aforesaid statements made on behalf   of   the   Respondent­Assessee   is   a   clear   indication   that   the expenditure   was   incurred   for   settling   their   disputes   or   for   removing encumbrances   and   acquiring   title.   It   is   this   aforesaid   expenditure, according to Mr. Setalvad, is the amount paid to the 'mafia'. 29 We   are   unable   to   understand   from   where   the   Revenue concludes that the  Respondents made payments to the 'mafia' when the same is not found in the paragraphs referred to and relied upon by Revenue.  Further, in any event, the payment which have been referred to in paragraphs 123 and 124 of the reply to the Commission's report only indicates   expenditure   incurred   for   settling   disputes   for   removing encumbrances   and   unauthorized   occupants   by   reaching   out   of   Court Settlements, as according to the Respondent­Assessee, Court proceedings S.R.JOSHI 22 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 take a long time. Therefore, the above expenditure to settle the dispute out of the Court, cannot by itself amount to expenditure which is an offence or which is prohibited by law. 30 Mr.   Setalvad   was   unable   to   point   out   how   the   aforesaid expenses are an offence or/are prohibited by law. All he did was to rely upon Section 23 of the Contract Act to state that these expenses are against public policy and, therefore, prohibited by law. We are unable to accept his contention on the above account. It is clear that none of the expenses which have been referred to in paragraphs 123 and 124 of the reply   to   the   Commissioner's   report   under   Rule   9   of   the   Settlement Procedure Rules even remotely suggest that the payments made for out of Court settlement is an offence or the same is prohibited by law. 31 It was next contended by Mr. Setalvad that in any view of matter, the Commission has recorded in paragraph 19 of the impugned order that amounts have been paid to local mafia for smooth functioning and timely execution of projects as well as to protect the interest of business.  The aforesaid recording by the Tribunal, Mr. Setalvad submits is conclusive of payment being made to mafia and the same cannot be allowed as a deduction under Section 37(1) of the Act. Further, it is not open to the Respondent­Assessee to challenge this finding/ recording of fact by the Commission in the impugned order. In support, reliance is placed upon decision of the Apex Court in  State of Maharashtra  v/s. Ramdas Shrinivas Nayak & Another 1982 (2) SCC 463 – wherein the Apex Court has stated that it is not open to the superior forum to enquire into what transpired during the hearing before the lower forum. The higher forum is bound to accept the statement of the Judges recorded in S.R.JOSHI 23 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 their judgment as to what transpired in the Court. The same cannot be contradicted at the bar by affidavit or by any other evidence. 32 The above principle is well settled that the statement with regard to facts as transpired at the hearing, recorded in the judgment/ order of the Court is conclusive of the facts stated therein. No one can contradict same by filing affidavit evidence or any other evidence. If the party thinks that the happening in   the Court during the hearing, is wrongly recorded, then it is incumbent upon the party to move the Judges to have the record rectified to indicate the correct facts. 33 However, in the present facts, we find that the impugned order records that the amount is paid to mafia to protect the interest of the   Applicant's   business.   This   seems   to   summarize/   reproduce   in   the Applicant's submission in the Statement of Facts (SOF). Mr. Setalvad, Counsel for the Petitioner does not dispute that the word 'mafia' finds no mention in the SOF. However, according to him, reading of paragraph 19 of the impugned order does not support our understanding, but he is unable to specify the source of this fact being recorded in the impugned order. The impugned order clearly does not record it as a submission made during hearing on behalf of the Respondent­Assessee. Therefore, in the above circumstances, it is open to Respondent­Assessee to point out that the mentioning of 'local mafia' in paragraph 19 of the impugned order is not in accord to the facts recorded in the SOF and, therefore, ought to be ignored. It is not a case of the Court recording something which transpired at the hearing before it. Therefore, on the basis of the record, it is always open to a litigant to point out that the aforesaid reference to 'local mafia' is incorrect as it is not based on any evidence relied upon by S.R.JOSHI 24 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 the impugned order to record such a statement of fact. Thus, the Apex Court ruling in Ramdas Nayak (supra) would have no application to the present facts. 34 We   also   find   substance   in   the   submission   made   by   Mr. Dwarkadas that entire issue of payment to  'mafia'  having some sinister significance is made only at the hearing before us, as no such ground is found  in its  writ petition. The Petitioner would have  in such  a case challenged the impugned order immediately or moved to Commission for rectification or atleast not written letters to the Respondent to pay the amounts in terms of Settlement arrived at by the impugned order of the Commission. 35 Further,   we   notice   that   the   time   to   file   a   rectification application before the Commission under Section 245D(6B) of the Act, has already expired.  Further, we have been informed that the members who passed the impugned order have retired. This coupled with the fact that the Petitioner had himself accepted the impugned order dated 28th November, 2014 and also demanded payments from the Respondent­ Assessee in terms of the impugned order, would again be evidence of the fact that the Petitioner also accepted the fact that the word  'mafia'  has been used in a loose sense and would not by itself be hit by Explanation­I to Section 37 of the Act. 36 We also note that the entire expenditure of 92% claimed by the     Respondent­Revenue   has   not   been   allowed,   but   only   78% expenditure was allowed to arrive at its income. Therefore, it is safe to assume that during the settlement, the Commission would have factored in all  payments allegedly made to mafia while adding to the income of S.R.JOSHI 25 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 the   Respondent­Assessees.   Moreover,   what   has   to   be   seen   is   not   the person to whom the amount has been paid but the reasons for making the payment. If the payment is made for illegal purposes, then the payment is to be disallowed. The disallowance is on account of the purpose for which the payment is made and not upon the person to whom the payment is made. Therefore even if the payment is made to an alleged criminal, to do legal work,it is allowable. The disallowance is not person specific but expenditure specific i.e. the expenditure must be prohibited by law or must be an offence. Moreover, the scope of enquiry is as pointed out above, is very limited from the orders of the Settlement Commission. If the view taken is a possible view, we would not interfere. Therefore, no interference on this account, is warranted. Further, the payment made to mafia   by   itself   is   not   shown   to   be   an   offence   under   any   law   or   is prohibited by law. 37 Lastly, it was submitted on behalf of the Petitioner that the impugned order granted partial immunity from penalty under Sections 271D and 271E of the Act. The grievance is that it did so after itself recording that under Section 245H(1) of the Act, the Respondent­Assessee will be entitled to grant of  immunity from penalty under Section 271(1) (c) and any other penalty leviable under the Act except Sections viz: 271D and 271E of the Act. In the above view, Mr. Setalvad, Counsel for the Petitioner submits that the impugned order be set aside. 38 We find that the impugned order dated 28th November, 2014 records the fact that partial immunity was granted under Section 245H of the Act. The Commission was satisfied that the Respondent­Assessee had fully co­operated in the proceedings before it and, therefore, are entitled S.R.JOSHI 26 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 to grant an immunity. It is only after recording the fact that penalty is imposable under Section 271D and 271E of the Act, that partial immunity from   penalty,   was   granted.   We   asked   Mr.   Setalvad,   learned   Senior Counsel for the Petitioner whether Section 245H of the Act excludes Sections 271D and 271E of the Act from the benefit of immunity by the Commission.  Mr. Setalvad very fairly states that Section 245H of the Act does not exclude the aforesaid two Sections namely – Sections 271D and 271E of the Act from the province of the Commission to grant immunity under Section 245H of the Act.  In the above view, the mere fact that the Tribunal mistakenly records that the Respondent­Assessee is not entitled to grant immunity from levy of penalty under Sections 271D and 271E of the   Act   will   not   make   the   impugned   order   vulnerable   on   the   above ground. This is a mistake on the face of it, as there is no such exclusion from Section 245H of the Act of Sections 271D and 271E of the Act, for grant of immunity. It is possibly for this reason that the Petitioner had not filed   any   rectification   application   on   the   above   account,   seeking withdrawal of immunity from penalty, in view of the above recording by the Commission. 39 In fact, if   the entire paragraph 39 of the impugned order which deals with the issue of waiver of penalty is read, it is very clear that the Commission sought to grant partial immunity in respect of penalty imposed under Sections 271D and 271E of the Act. Therefore, the exercise of restoring the issue to the Commission to freshly determine the issue of penalty, would in the present   facts   be   an   academic exercise. In the above view, the aforesaid objections on the part of the Petitioner also does not warrant any interference. S.R.JOSHI 27 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 wp-2562-2015 For the aforesaid reasons, Petition is dismissed. No order as to costs. (A.K.MENON,J.) (M.S.SANKLECHA,J.) S.R.JOSHI 28 of 28 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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