M/S. INDIAN GUM INDUSTRIES LTD. vs. JOINT COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX and ORS.

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ITXA/802/2002HC Bombay13 July 2018Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE M.S. SANKLECHA, HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE SANDEEP KASHINATH SHINDE16 pages
AI SummaryAllowed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the substantial questions of law were answered in favour of the assessee. Regarding the first question, the Court found that the amendment to Section 80IA by introducing sub-section (9A) was explicitly prospective, effective from April 1, 1999. It was neither declaratory nor clarificatory. Therefore, it could not be applied retrospectively to AY 1997-98. The Court relied on the Supreme Court decision in DCIT Vs. Core Health Ltd. and the CBDT Circular dated 23rd December, 1998, which clarified that the amendment was prospective. The Court noted that even if the Finance Bill initially proposed retrospective effect, the enacted Act made it prospective. Consequently, the assessee was entitled to claim deduction under Section 80IA without excluding the profits already claimed under Section 80HHC for the assessment year in question. Both substantial questions of law were answered in the negative, in favour of the assessee.

What were the facts?

The assessee, M/s. Indian Gum Industries Ltd., is engaged in the manufacture of industrial gums. The appeal concerns Assessment Year 1997-1998 and relates to deductions claimed under Sections 80HHC and 80IA for two new factories in Ahmedabad. The assessee claimed 100% deduction under Section 80HHC on export profits and 30% deduction under Section 80IA on profits from these new factories, computed without excluding the Section 80HHC deduction. The Assessing Officer restricted the Section 80IA deduction, citing a double deduction issue. The CIT(A) and the Tribunal upheld the Assessing Officer's view, relying on the Supreme Court decision in Escorts Ltd. and the subsequent amendment to Section 80IA.

What were the issues?

1. Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was right in law in holding that the assessee is entitled to claim deduction under Section 80IA on the total income after excluding profits derived from export business of the two new industrial undertakings where a Section 80HHC claim is allowed? (Question of law) 2. Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was right in law in applying the provisions of Section 80IA(9A) for assessment years 1997-98 and 1998-99? (Question of law) Assessee's Contentions: The assessee contended that the deduction under Section 80IA should be computed on the profits and gains of the new industrial undertaking without deducting the profits already claimed as deduction under Section 80HHC. The assessee argued that Section 80IA(9A), introduced by the Finance (No.2) Act, 1998, was not retrospective and therefore not applicable to AY 1997-98. They relied on the CBDT Circular dated 23rd December, 1998, and the Supreme Court decisions in K.P. Varghese and Union of India Vs. Aazadi Bachav Andolan. Revenue's Contentions: The revenue contended that allowing deduction under both Section 80HHC and Section 80IA on the same profits would amount to double deduction, which is impermissible. They relied on the Supreme Court decision in Escorts Ltd. v/s Union of India and argued that the amendment to Section 80IA by introducing sub-section (9A) was clarificatory and retrospective.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 260A,Section 80B(5),Section 80HHC,Section 80IA,Section 80IA(9A),Section 32,Section 35,Section 37(1),Section 119

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Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
901 itxa 802-02.doc IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION INCOME TAX APPEAL NO.  802  OF  2002 M/s. Indian Gum Industries Ltd. 405­408, Navbharat Estate, B­Wing, Zakaria Bunder Road, Sewri (West) Mumbai – 400 015 … Appellant V/s. 1.  Joint Commissioner of Income  Tax       Special Range­28, R.N. 621, VI Floor,      Aayakar Bhavan, M.K. Road,      Mumbai – 400 020 2.  The Commissioner of Income Tax,      Mumbai City – VI      Mumbai 3.  Union of India       through Ministry of Law,      Aayakar Bhavan, M.K. Road,      Mumbai – 400 020 … Respondents Mr. S. Sriram a/w Mr. Mayank Thosar i/b B.V. Jhaveri for the Appellant. Mr. Suresh Kumar for the Respondent.      CORAM : M.S. SANKLECHA &            SANDEEP K. SHINDE, JJ.      JUDGMENT RESERVED ON : 6th JULY, 2018      JUDGMENT PRONOUNCED ON : 13th JULY, 2018

JUDGMENT : (Per M.S. Sanklecha, J.)

1.

This Appeal under Section 260A of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (the Act) Uday S. Jagtap 1/16 CNR No : HCBM020183152002 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:45:13 challenges  the order dated 27.09.2007  passed by the Income Tax  Appellate Tribunal (the Tribunal).

2.

This Appeal was  admitted on 16.03.2009  on the  following  substantial questions of law:­ “1. Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, was the Tribunal right in law in taking the view that the assessee is entitled to claim deduction u/s. 80IA on the total income after excluding profits (“deduction”)  derived  from  export  business  of  the  two  new industrial undertakings where 80HHC claim is allowed?

2.

Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, was the Tribunal right in law in applying the provisions of Section 80IA(9A) for assessment years 1997­98 and 1998­99?”

3.

This Appeal relates to the Assessment Year 1997­1998. 4. The Appellant Assessee is engaged in the manufacture of industrial gums. It has factories situated at Mumbai, Jodhpur and Ahmedabad.  In Ahmedabad, it has four factories, out of which two factories are new factories. The issue is this appeal is restricted to only the claim for deduction in respect of its two new factories at Ahmadabad.  It is the two new factories whose claim for deduction under Section 80IA of the Act along with the claim for deduction under Section 80HHC of the Act is the subject of this dispute. Uday S. Jagtap 2/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:45:13

5.

For   the   previous   year   relevant   to   the   subject   Assessment   year,   the Appellant in its return of income claimed 100% deduction in respect of profits earned by the two new factories derived from its exports under Section 80HHC of the Act. Besides, the Appellant also claimed the benefits of deduction under the Section 80IA of the Act to the extent of 30% of the profits and gains derived from its two new factories at Ahmedabad.  The aggregate of deductions claimed was less than its Gross Total Income as defined under Section 80B(5) of the Act.  The Appellant in its return of income claimed benefits of Section 80HHC of the Act to the extent of its earning from exports.   Thereafter it claimed deduction at 30% of its profits and gains under Section 80IA of the Act.  This 30% deduction under Section   80IA   of   the   Act   was   computed   without   deducting   /   excluding   the deduction allowed under Section 80HHC of the Act on profits derived from exports by the two new units.  However, the Assessing Officer did not accept the same, as he was of the view that the Appellant would be entitled to deduction under Section 80IA of the Act only on the profits and gains of the two units after deducting the amount availed of as deduction under Section 80HHC of the Act was claimed.     The basis of the above conclusion was the reliance upon the decision of the Supreme Court in Escorts Ltd. v/s Union of India, 199 ITR 43, which dealt with the double claim for deduction under Section 32 and Section 35 of the Act.    Thus, the Assessing Officer on the above basis by his order dated 31st August, 1999 restricted the claim to Rs.87.96 lakhs as against Rs.104.88 lakhs Uday S. Jagtap 3/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:45:13 claimed under Section 80IA of the Act for Assessment Year 1997­98. 6. Being aggrieved with the order dated 31.08.1999 of the Assessing Officer, the Appellant preferred an Appeal to the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) [CIT(A)].   This appeal was dismissed  by an order dated 05.06.2000 of  the CIT(A).  This dismissal was by reliance upon the Apex Court decision in Escorts Ltd. (supra) to hold that if there is any doubt on the issue of double deduction, then the Parliament must clarify the law.   It held that on the above basis the Parliament amended Section 80IA of the Act by introducing thereto by Finance (No.2)   Act   w.e.f.   1st  April   1999. Therefore,   although   the   amendment   was effective from 1st April 1999, it has to be read as clarificatory / declaratory of the law as it was always existed.  This on the basis that the Finance (No.2) Bill, 1998 when introduced in the Parliament has clearly stated that the amendment was sought to be introduced into Section 80IA of the Act with retrospective effect from 1st April, 1990. Accordingly, the Appeal was dismissed.

7.

Being aggrieved by the order dated 5th  June, 2000 of the CIT(A), the appellant filed a further appeal to the Tribunal.  By the impugned order dated 27.09.2001, the Tribunal dismissed the Appellant's appeal by upholding the order of the CIT(A).  In fact, the impugned order dismisses the appeal by holding as under : ­ Uday S. Jagtap 4/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:45:13 “We have thoroughly scrutinised the appellate order of the CIT(A) and we concur   with   his   findings   and   therefore,   there   being   no   merit   in   this common ground of the assessee, we reject the same”.

8.

Before   considering   the   rival   submission   in   the   context   of   the   two substantial   questions   of   law,   it   would   necessary   to   reproduce   the   relevant provisions of law in force during the relevant Assessment Years as under:­ “Section 80­B.  In this Chapter – (1) to (4)   …..... (5) “gross   total   income”   means   the   total   income   computed   in accordance with the provisions of this Act, before making any deduction under this Chapter. Section 80­HHC. (1) Where an assessee, being an Indian company or a person (other than a company) resident in India, is engaged in the business of export out of India of any goods or merchandise to which this section applies, there shall, in accordance with and subject to the provisions of this section, be allowed in computing the total income of the assessee, a deduction of the [profits]   derived   by   the   assessee   from   the   export   of   such   goods   or merchandise: Provided …..... Section 80­IA. (1) Where the gross total income of an assessee includes any profits and gains derived from any business of an industrial undertaking or a hotel or [operation   of   a   ship   or   developing,   maintaining   and   operating   any infrastructure   facility   [or   scientific   and   industrial   research   and development] [or providing telecommunication services whether basic or cellular] [including radio paging, domestic satellite service or network of trunking and electronic data  interchange services or construction  and development of  housing projects] [or operating an industrial park  or commercial production [or refining] of mineral oil in the North Eastern Region] [or in any part of India on or after the 1st day of April, 1997] Uday S. Jagtap 5/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:45:13 (such business being hereinafter referred to as the eligible business)], to which this section applies, there shall, in accordance with and subject to the provisions of this section, be allowed, in computing the total income of the assessee, a deduction from such profits and gains of an amount equal to the percentage specified in sub­section (5) and for such number of assessment years as it specified in sub­section (6). (2) to (8) …......... The Parliament amended Section 80IA of the Act by introducing sub­ Section 9A therein by Finance (No.2) Act, 1998 w.e.f. 1st April, 1999, which reads as under :­ “(9A) Where any amount of profits and gains of an industrial undertaking or of a hotel in case of an assessee is claimed and allowed under this section for (any) assessment year, deduction to the extent of such profits and gains shall not be allowed under any other provisions of tis Chapter under the heading “C­ Deduction in respect of certain incomes”, and shall in no case exceed the profits and gains of the undertaking or hotel, as the case may be.”

9.

Regarding Question No.(1):­ (a) It is an undisputed position before us that prior to 1st  April, 1999 when Section 80IA of the Act was amended by Finance (No.2) Act, 1998 introducing Sub­Section 9A to Section 80IA of the Act, there was no provision either in Section 80IA or in Section 80HHC of the Act indicating the priority under which the deduction is to be taken and / or restricting the deduction only to the extent it has not been availed of under any other section of Chapter VIA Part C of the Act.   In fact, Section 80IA (9A) of the Act after its introductions obliges an Uday S. Jagtap 6/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:45:13 assessee to first avail of the 30% exemption available under Section 80IA of the Act and only thereafter the balance i.e. after excluding the quantum of deduction which is allowed to be deducted that deduction under Section 80HHC of the Act can be availed in respect of its profits and gains derived from exports. (b) In the above view, it is submitted on behalf of the appellant assessee that for the period prior to Assessment Year 1999­00, there was no restrictions either in terms of quantum of deduction or even the priority in taking deductions under the various sections specified in Chapter VI A Part 'C' of the Act.   Thus, while construing a fiscal legislation it is submitted nothing can be read into it.   It is also pointed out that it is an undisputed position that the total exemption claimed under both the sections   i.e. 80IA and 80HHC of the Act are less than the appellant's   gross   total   income   as   defined   under   Section   80B(5)   of   the   Act. Reliance   is   also   placed   upon   the   decision   of   the   Rajasthan   High   Court   in Commissioner of Income Tax Vs. Rochiram & Sons, 271 ITR 444 and of the on identical fact  situation for the period prior to Assessment Year 1999­2000, deduction as claimed by the appellant was allowed.   This on the basis of the law as then existing.   Therefore, it is submitted that the deduction as claimed under Sections 80HHC and 80IA of the Act, be allowed. (c) On the other hand, Mr. Suresh Kumar placed reliance upon the orders passed  by   the   Assessing   Officer   and   CIT(A)   which   has   been   upheld  by   the Uday S. Jagtap 7/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:45:13 impugned order of the Tribunal.  In the aforesaid orders, the authorities relied upon the decision of the Apex Court in Escorts Ltd. (supra) wherein it has been observed that  “We see fundamental   though unwritten axiom that no legislature could have at all intended a double deduction in respect of the same business outgoing; and if it is intended, it will be  clearly expressed”.    In the light of the above observation, it is submitted that as the appellant  had already claimed / availed deduction under Section 80HHC of the Act, the deduction under Section 80IA was restricted only to the balance amount of profits and gains available after deduction of the benefit claimed under Section 80HHC of the Act.   This view of the Revenue was in accord with the Apex Court decision in Escorts Ltd. (supra) that no double deduction is permitted in the absence of the legislature specifically providing for the same. (d) We have considered the rival submissions.  The decision of the Supreme Court in Escorts Ltd. (supra) has to be understood in the context of the facts arising before it for consideration.  The assessee therein was claiming deduction of depreciation under Section 32 of the Act and also deduction under Section 35 of the Act which provided for 20% notional deduction in respect of the capital expenditure to be allowed for a period of 5 years incurred on scientific research innovation.  In 1980, there was an amendment by Finance (No.2) Act, 1980 with retrospective effect from 1st April, 1961 in Section 35 of the Act to the effect that where deduction has been claimed under Section 35 of the Act, no deduction Uday S. Jagtap 8/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:45:13 shall be allowed under Section 32 of the Act for the same or in other previous year in respect of that asset.    This amendment was effected on the basis of the Direct Tax Law Committee's (popularly known as Choksi Committee) report. The above decision in Escorts Ltd. (supra) makes a reference to the above report and notes that the committee had observed that it could not have been the intention of the Legislature to allow double deduction i.e. 200% on the same asset in the  context of Section 32 and 35 of the Act.   Moreover, the committee further records that “If.......a contrary view is possible on construction of Section 35 of the Act, then the law should  be clarified to the extent that no depreciation under Section 32 of the Act shall be allowable in respect of capital expenditure for scientific research qualifying for deduction under Section 35”.     The decision of the Apex Court was rendered in the context of the 1980 amendment being retrospective or not.  It is to be noted that the amendment itself made by the Finance No.2 Act 1980   provided   that   it   shall   be   retrospective   w.e.f.   1st  April,1961. The retrospective amendment was held to be valid by the Apex Court as it was in the facts before it merely clarificatory in nature.   In our view, the decision of the Apex Court in Escorts Ltd. (supra) would not apply to the facts of the present case, as that case dealt with a double deduction being claimed on the same expenditure i.e. 200% deduction on expenditure. (e) In the present case, we are not dealing with the claim of deduction on expenditure being allowed but deduction on profits and gains of business under Uday S. Jagtap 9/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:45:13 two sections – without any of the sections excluding the deduction obtained under the other section.   The deductions provided under Chapter VIA Part C of the Act are in the nature of incentives to boost exports (under Section 80HHC of the Act) and to establish new units (under Section 80IA of the Act).  Therefore, the   incentive   deduction   have   to   be   given   a   liberal   interpretation.     This   is particularly so in the absence of the relevant sections itself restricting deduction to the extent of deduction under some other section of Chapter VIA Part C of the Act.  In fact, as pointed out by Mr. Sriram, whenever the  Parliament decided to restrict the deduction under more than one section of Chapter VI – Part C of the Court has held “In interpreting taxing statute equitable consideration are entirely out   of   place.     Nor   can   taxing   statue   be   interpreted   on   any   presumptions   or assumptions.  The Court must look squarely at the words of the statute and interpret Uday S. Jagtap 10/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:45:13 them.   It must interpret a taxing statute in the light of what is clearly expressed; it cant imply anything which is not expressed; it cannot import provisions in   the statute so as to supply any assumed deficiency”. (f) In the present case, we are dealing with the deduction claimed by the appellant assessee in respect of the same income under two heads falling under Chapter VI­A Part 'C' of the Act.   Prior to 1st April, 1999, there was no specific prohibition in an assessee taking benefit of deduction on the same income both under Section 80HHC as well as under Section 80IA of the Act, provided the total deduction claimed was less than the gross total income as defined in Section 80B(5) of the Act.   Admittedly, in this case, the total deduction claimed is less than the gross total income.   In the present facts, Section 80IA was amended w.e.f. 1st April, 1999 by introduction of Sub­Section 9A therein which is in accord with the observations made by the Apex Court in Escorts Ltd. (supra).   However, it is to be noted that when the Finance (No.2) Bill of 1998 (Bill No.51 of 1998) introduced, it provided that the amendment should have retrospective effect from the year 1990. However, when the Parliament passed the bill and made it into an Act, it made the amendment prospective w.e.f. 1st  April, 1999. Thus, this would indicate that the Parliament was of the view that the deductions taken under Section 80IA and 80HHC of the Act even if it does amount to double benefit it would be allowed prior to 1st April, 1999 i.e. Assessment Year 1999­ 2000. It was in its wisdom that the Parliament made the amendment prospective Uday S. Jagtap 11/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:45:13 even though the bill as introduced by the Finance Minister sought to make the amendment retrospective.  This would indicate that the Parliament did not seek to disturb and / or affect cases where deduction is taken twice over i.e. under Section 80IA and 80HHC of the Act on the same profit, provided it was less than the gross total income as defined in Section 80B(5) of the Act. (g) In the above view, for the period prior to Assessment Year 1999­2000, the appellant would be entitled to claim deduction under Section 80IA of the Act on its entire profits without excluding the deduction available under other heads of Chapter VI A Part 'C' of the Act.  Our above view is fortified by the fact that an identical fact situation, the Rajasthan and Madras High Court in Rochiram & Sons (supra)     and   General   Optics   (Asia)   Ltd.   (supra)   have   held   that   prior   to Assessment Year 1999­2000, the benefit of Section 80IA of the Act is available without exclusion of the deduction claimed under Section 80HHC of the Act. Even on being specifically asked, the Revenue was not able to inform us whether the above two decisions have been appealed to the Apex Court and the result thereof, if any. (h) In the above view, question no.(1) is answered in the negative i.e. in favour of the appellant assessee and against the respondent Revenue.

10.

Regarding question no.(2):­ (a) In the present case, it is an undisputed fact that Sub­Section 9A of Section Uday S. Jagtap 12/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:45:13 80IA of the Act was introduced by Finance (No.2) Act, 1998 w.e.f. 1st April, 1999. Mr. Sriram, in support submits that the above amendment being prospective w.e.f. 1st April, 1999 cannot be applied to earlier periods as in this case.   On the other hand, Mr. Suresh Kumar for the Revenue supports the impugned order of the Tribunal. (b) We note that the amendment by introduction of Sub­section 9A to Section 80IA of the Act is explicitly prospective w.e.f. 1st  April, 1999. It is neither declaratory or clarificatory nor is it in the nature of explanation.   Thus, strict reading   of   fiscal   statute   would   prevent   the   amendment   being   read   as retrospective in the absence of the statute providing for the same. (c) In any case, in the present facts, it is to be noted that when the Finance No.2 Bill 1998 (Bill No.15 of 1998) was introduced in the Parliament by the Finance Minister, the bill provided that Sub­section 9A of Section 80IA of the Act would be introduced with retrospective effect from 1st April, 1990. However, when the Parliament passed the bill making into Act of Parliament, it was made prospective i.e. effective only from 1st April, 1999. (d) In   fact,   the   Apex   Court   in  Sasoon   J.   David   &   Co.   Pvt.   Ltd.   Vs. Commissioner of Income Tax, 118 ITR 261 had occasion deal with a similar fact situation.  In that case, the Court was concerned with the Income Tax Bill 1961, which was introduced in the Parliament and after the due consideration by the Parliament, it was passed as Income Tax Act, 1961. In the Income Tax Bill of Uday S. Jagtap 13/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:45:13 1961 as introduced in the Parliament, the deduction allowable under Section 37(1) of the Bill as introduced was as under :­ “any expenditure …...... laid out or expended wholly  necessarily  and exclusively for the purposes of business or profession shall be allowed.....”. (emphasis supplied) However, when the bill become an Act of Parliament being Income Tax Act, 1961, the word “necessarily” was absent in the Section 37 of the Act.   It read as under :­ “any expenditure …...... laid out or expended wholly and exclusively for the purposes of business or profession shall be allowed.....”. Thus, for the purposes of deduction under Section 37 of the Act all that was required was that the expenditure must be laid out wholly and exclusively for the purposes of business or profession.  The requirement of “necessarily” for the purposes of business was done away with and an attempt on the part of the Revenue to read the word “necessarily” into the Act of Parliament on the basis of it being the part of the bill, was not accepted.   Therefore, Section 37 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 was read by the Apex Court in the absence of the word “necessarily” as it was not found in the Act.    Similarly, in the present facts, the mere   fact   that   the   bill   was   introduced   with   the   intention   of   making   it retrospective from 1st  April, 1990 will not enable the Revenue to successfully contend that because the bill was introduced with retrospective effect, for it must be read to be retrospective in effect, notwithstanding the fact that the Act of Uday S. Jagtap 14/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:45:13 Parliament makes it prospective. (e) Further, attention was also drawn to the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) Circular dated 23rd December, 1998 explaining the amendments made by Finance (No.2) Act, 1998. This was the Act which introduced sub­section 9A into Section   80IA   of   the   Act.     This   CBDT   Circular  inter   alia  explained  that   the amendment to Section 80IA of the Act and specifically provides it will take effect from 1st April, 1999 and accordingly, apply in relation to Assessment Year 1999­ 2000 and subsequent assessment years.  This CBDT circular is binding upon the provisions would have to be read in the light of the Executive's understanding of insertion   of   Sub­section   9A   of   Section   80IA   of   the   Act   would   not   have Uday S. Jagtap 15/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:45:13 retrospective effect.    This is binding upon the Revenue.   It cannot now urge that so.  In this case, sub­section 9A of Section 80IA of the Act was introduced w.e.f. 1st April, 1999. Thus, it cannot have retrospective effect to impact the assessment the subject Assessment Year 1997­98. (h) In the above view, the substantial question of law at question no.2 above is answered in the negative i.e. in favour of the appellant assessee and against the respondent Revenue.

11.

Thus,   the   substantial   questions   of   law   at   Nos.   (1)   and   (2)   are   both answered in the negative i.e. in favour of the appellant assessee and against the respondent Revenue.

12.

The appeal is allowed in the above terms. (SANDEEP K. SHINDE, J.) (M.S. SANKLECHA, J.) Uday S. Jagtap 16/16 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:45:13 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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