THE COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX-8 MUMBAI vs. M/S. PFIZER LTD MUMBAI

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ITXA/4439/2010HC BombayHCBM02001685200918 June 2010Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE J.P. DEVADHAR,HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE DR. D.Y. CHANDRACHUD17 pages
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What did the High Court hold?

Regarding Question A (Insurance Claim), the Court held that the insurance claim for stock-in-trade did not constitute a receipt of a nature similar to brokerage, commission, interest, rent, or charges, as contemplated by Explanation (baa) to Section 80HHC. Therefore, it was not liable to be reduced by ninety percent. The Court distinguished the present case from CIT v. Dresser Rand India Pvt. Ltd., noting that the latter was decided on concession and lacked elaboration on the nature of the insurance claim. Thus, Question A did not raise a substantial question of law. Regarding Question B (Sundry Receipts), the Court noted that there was no discussion in the Tribunal's order regarding sundry receipts or their nature. Therefore, this issue was restored to the Tribunal for a fresh decision after hearing the parties. Regarding Question C (Rental Income), the Court observed that the Tribunal's decision, which was based on a previous order where the Revenue had accepted the assessment of rental income as income from house property, was not in error. Thus, this issue did not give rise to any substantial question of law. Regarding Question D (Retrenchment Compensation), the Court upheld the Tribunal's finding of fact that there was interdependence and unity of control between the assessee's units, and the closure of the Ankleshwar unit did not involve the closure of the business. Consequently, the retrenchment compensation paid to workmen was an allowable deduction under Section 37(1). Thus, no substantial question of law arose. The appeal was disposed of accordingly.

What were the facts?

The Revenue appealed against the order of the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) concerning Assessment Year 2000-01. The assessee, M/s. Pfizer Ltd., engaged in pharmaceutical and animal health product manufacturing, claimed deduction under Section 80HHC. The Assessing Officer (AO) excluded 90% of an insurance claim of Rs. 36.22 lakhs related to stock-in-trade and 90% of sundry receipts of Rs. 28.17 lakhs from eligible profits. The AO also treated rental income of Rs. 2,85,60,871 from subleasing commercial premises as 'Income from House Property' instead of 'Business Income'. The ITAT had previously held that retrenchment compensation paid to workmen was revenue expenditure. The High Court was considering these issues raised by the Revenue.

What were the issues?

The Tribunal had to decide four questions of law: 1. Whether the insurance claim of Rs. 36.22 lakhs related to stock-in-trade was correctly included in computing eligible profits under Section 80HHC, without excluding 90% thereof, despite the AO's finding that it was not directly related to business profit. 2. Whether sundry receipts of Rs. 28.17 lakhs related to activity incidental to business and were correctly included in computing eligible profits under Section 80HHC, without excluding 90% thereof, despite lacking a direct nexus with pharmaceutical manufacturing. 3. Whether rental income of Rs. 2,85,60,871 from subleasing commercial premises was correctly treated as 'Income from House Property' by the Tribunal, instead of 'Business Income' as held by the AO. 4. Whether retrenchment compensation paid to workmen was revenue expenditure. Assessee's Arguments: - Insurance claim related to stock-in-trade and did not constitute independent income similar to commission, interest, rent, or brokerage, thus not subject to 90% exclusion under Explanation (baa) to Section 80HHC. - The Tribunal's finding on rental income was not in error. - Retrenchment compensation was an allowable deduction under Section 37(1) as there was no closure of business. Revenue's Arguments: - Insurance claim constituted independent income not relatable to export turnover, hence 90% should be excluded under Explanation (baa) to Section 80HHC, relying on CIT v. K. Ravindranathan Nair. - Sundry receipts did not have a direct nexus with pharmaceutical manufacturing activities, justifying exclusion of 90% under Section 80HHC. - Rental income was commercial exploitation for business purposes and should be treated as 'Business Income'. - Retrenchment compensation was not revenue expenditure.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 260A,Section 80HHC,Section 37(1),Section 28,Section 25(F)

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
1 IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY O. O. C. J. INCOME TAX APPEAL (LODG.) NO.128 OF 2009 The Commissioner of Income Tax­8 Mumbai ..Appellant. Vs. M/s. Pfizer Ltd ..Respondent. .... Mr. Vimal Gupta for the Appellant. Mr. P.J. Pardiwala, Senior Advocate with Mr. Rajiv Singh and Mr.  Sameer Chitnis i/b Chitnis & Co. for the Respondent. .....               CORAM : DR.D.Y.CHANDRACHUD &               J.P.DEVADHAR, JJ.                18 June 2010.

ORAL JUDGMENT (Per DR.D.Y.CHANDRACHUD, J.) :

1.

The Appeal by the Revenue under Section 260­A of the Income Tax Act, 1961 has raised the following questions of law : “A) Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case and in law the Tribunal was justified in holding that   the   insurance   claim   amounting   to   Rs.36.22   lakhs related   to   stock­in­trade   of   the   Assessee   Company   and

therefore there was no justification to exclude 90% of the insurance claim while computing eligible profits u/s.80HHC of the Income tax Act, even though there is a clear finding of   the  Assessing   Officer   that  the  insurance  claim   is  not directly related to business profit; CNR No : HCBM020016852009 Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 B) Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case and in law the Tribunal was justified in holding that sundry receipts amounting to Rs.28.17 lacs related to activity incidental to the business carried on by the Assessee Company   and   therefore   there   was   no   justification   to exclude 90% of the sundry income while computing eligible profits u/s. 80HHC of the Income tax Act, even though the sundry   receipts   do   not   have   any   direct   nexus   with   the pharmaceutical   manufacturing   activities   of   the   Assessee Company; C) Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case and in law the Tribunal was justified in holding that the rental income of Rs.2,85,60,871/­ received by the Assessee Company from sub­leasing of commercial premises is to be considered as ‘Income from House Property” even though   the   renting   out   of   the   premises   amounts   to commercial   exploitation   for   business   purposes   by   the Assessee  Company and therefore was rightly held to be “Business Income” by the Assessing Officer; D) Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case and in law the Tribunal was justified in holding that   retrenchment   compensation   paid   to   workmen   was revenue expenditure;”

2.

The dispute in the present case relates to Assessment Year 2000­01. Re : Question A 3. The   assessee   engages   in   the   manufacture   of pharmaceuticals and animal health products.   For the Assessment Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Year  in  question  the  assessee  claimed  a   deduction  under  Section 80HHC.     The   Assessing   Officer,   while   computing   the   deduction excluded 90% of the amount of an insurance claim which was related to the stock in trade of the assessee.   The Commissioner (Appeals) confirmed the order of the Assessing Officer.  The Tribunal noted that for Assessment Year 1998­99 it had  come to the conclusion that there was no justification to exclude 90% of the insurance claim.    Besides this, the Tribunal held that the insurance claim formed part of the income of the business of the assessee and was liable to be considered as part of the profits of the business in view of Explanation (baa) to Section 80 HHC.   The Tribunal was of the view that the insurance claim was not in the nature of brokerage, commission, interest, rent or charges and therefore was not any other receipt of a similar nature within the meaning of Explanation (baa).   The Tribunal, therefore, held that 90% of the insurance claim could not be excluded.

4.

Counsel appearing on behalf of the Revenue submits that an insurance claim constitutes an independent income which is not Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 relatable to the export turnover.  Hence, it has been urged that 90% of the insurance claim is liable to be excluded from the profits of the business  under Explanation (baa) to Section 80 HHC.  Reliance was sought to be placed in this regard on the judgment of the Supreme Court in Commissioner of Income Tax v. K. Ravindranathan Nair1. On the other hand it was urged on behalf of the assessee that a contract   of   insurance   indemnifies   the   insured   for   a   loss   that   has occurred, in the present case to the stock in trade.  Learned counsel submitted that the claim for insurance on account of the stock in trade,   hence,   did   not   constitute   an   independent   item   of   income similar to commission, interest, rent, brokerage or other charges.  On this foundation it has been urged that the insurance claim would not be susceptible to a deduction of 90% under Explanation (baa).

5.

At the outset it would be necessary for the Court to advert to the judgment of this Division Bench dated 8 April 2010 in the Commissioner   of   Income   Tax   v.   Dresser   Rand   India   Pvt.Ltd. (Income Tax Appeal 2186 of 2009).  The question of law which was (2007) 165 Taxman 282 (SC) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 formulated in the appeal by the Revenue was as follows : “Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was justified in law in holding that 90% of recovery   of   freight,   insurance   and   packing   receipts amounting   to   Rs.49,14,076/­,   sales   tax   set   off/   refund amounting   to   Rs.38,33,148/­   and   service   income   of   Rs. 2,89,17,545/­   are   not   to   be   excluded   from   profits   of business within the meaning of clause (baa) of explanation to Section 80HHC of the Act for the purpose of computation of deduction u/s. 80HHC of the Income Tax Act, 1961?”

6.

This   Court   by   its   decision   held   that   in   terms   of   the judgment of the Supreme  Court in Ravindranathan Nair (supra) the issue of processing charges   would stand covered by the decision. This Court noted that the Supreme Court had held that the processing charges, though they form a part of the gross total income, constitute independent income like rent, commission and brokerage and that

hence 90% of the   same had to be reduced from the gross total income to arrive at business profits.  The concluding paragraph of the judgment of this Court records the concession  of counsel appearing on behalf of the assessee that the discussion in respect of the issue in regard to processing charges as an independent income unrelated to Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 export, would similarly apply to the other issues raised in the question of law framed by the Revenue  viz. in regard to recovery of freight, insurance and packing receipts, sales tax refund and service income. The question of law was therefore answered in favour  of the Revenue and against the assessee.  From this it is apparent that insofar as the insurance   claim   was   concerned,  Dresser   Rand  proceeded     on   a concession by counsel appearing on behalf of the assessee.   That apart, the facts do not contain an elaboration of the nature of the insurance claim in that case.   The judgment of the Division Bench in Dresser   Rand  would  therefore   not  conclude   the issue  which  has fallen for determination in this appeal.

7.

Sub   section   (1)   of   Section   80HHC   contemplates   a deduction   to  an   assessee,   being   an   Indian   Company   or   a   person resident in India and engaged in the business of export out of India of  any  goods   or   merchandise   to  which   the  section   applies.     The deduction is to be allowed in   computing the total income of the assessee to the extent of the profits derived by the assessee from the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 export of such goods or merchandise.  Clause (a) of sub section (3) of Section   80HHC   provides   the   formula   for   determining   the   profits derived from the export of goods or merchandise to which the section applies.   Where the export out of India is of goods or merchandise manufactured or processed by the assessee, the profits derived from such export “shall be the amount which bears to the profits of the business”, the same proportion as the export turnover  in respect of such goods bears to the total turnover of the business carried on by the assessee.   In other words, the proportion between the export turnover and the total turnover of the business  is applied to the profits of the business in order to determine the extent to which the profits are to be regarded as being derived from export.

8.

It would be necessary to advert to Explanation (baa) which defines the profits of business as follows : “(baa) “profits of the  business” means the profits of the business as computed under the head “Profits and gains of business or profession” as reduced by ­ (1)ninety per cent of  any sum referred to in clauses (iiia), (iiib) and (iiic) of section 28 or of any receipts Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 by   way     of   brokerage,   commission,   interest,   rent, charges   or   any   other   receipt   of   a   similar   nature included in such profits; and (2)the profits of any branch, office, warehouse or any other   establishment   of   the   assessee   situate   outside India.”

9.

Under Explanation (baa), the profits of business are defined to mean the profits of business as computed under the head of profits and gains of business or profession.   This has to be reduced under Clause (1) by ninety percent  of any sum referred to in clauses (iiia), (iiib) and (iiic) of Section 28 which are in the nature of incentive incomes   or   “of   any   receipts   by   way   of   brokerage,   commission, interest,   rent,   charges   or   any   other   receipt   of   a   similar   nature included in such profits”.  Receipts by way of brokerage, commission, interest, rent or charges have been held, by the judgment of the Supreme   Court   in  Ravindranathan   Nair’s   case     to   constitute independent   incomes.     Being     independent   incomes   unrelated   to export, Parliament contemplated that ninety percent  of such receipts would have to be reduced from the profits of business as defined in Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Explanation   (baa).     The   rationale   is   explained   in   the   following observations of the Supreme Court : “That, profit incentives and items like rent, commission, brokerage, charges etc., though formed part of gross total income   had   to   be   excluded   as   they   were   “independent incomes” which had no element of export turnover.  That, the said items distorted the figure of export profits.” Again, in paragraph 21 the Supreme Court observed as follows : “The said clause stated that 90 per cent of incentive profits or receipts by way of brokerage, commission, interest, rent, charges   or   any   other   receipt   of   like   nature   included   in Business Profits, had to be deducted from Business Profits computed in terms of sections 28 to 44D of the Income tax Act.     In   other   words,   receipts   constituting   independent income having no nexus with exports were required to be reduced from Business Profits under clause (baa).  A bare reading of clause (baa)(1) indicates that receipts by way of brokerage, commission, interest, rent, charges, etc. formed part of gross total income being Business Profits.   But for the purposes of working out the formula and in order to avoid distortion of arriving export profits clause (baa) stood inserted   to   say   that   although   incentive   profits   and “independent   incomes”   constituted   part   of   gross   total income, they had to be excluded from gross total income because   such   receipts   had   no   nexus   with   the   export turnover.”

10.

In determining in each case as to whether a receipt which forms part of the profits of business is liable to undergo a reduction of Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 ninety percent as stipulated in clause (1) of Explanation (baa), it is necessary for the Court to consider whether the receipt is “of a similar nature included in such profits”.  The rationale for excluding ninety percent of the receipts by way of brokerage, commission, interest, rent   or   charges   is   that   these   are   independent   incomes   and   their inclusion in the profits of business would result in a distortion.   In determining   whether   any   other   receipt   is   liable   to   undergo   a reduction   of  ninety  percent  the  basic  prescription  which  must  be borne in mind is whether the receipt is of a similar nature and is included in the profits of business.  To be susceptible of a reduction the receipt must be of a nature similar to brokerage, commission, interest, rent or charges.

11.

In the present case, the insurance claim, it must be clarified, related to the stock in trade and it is only an insurance claim of that nature which forms the subject matter of the appeal.  Now, it cannot be disputed that if the stock in trade of the assessee were to be sold, the income that was received from the sale of goods would constitute Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 the profits of the business as computed under the head of  profits and gains of business or profession.  The income emanating from the sale would not be sustainable to a reduction of ninety percent for the simple reason that it would not constitute a receipt of a nature similar to brokerage, commission, interest, rent or charges.   A contract of insurance is a contract of indemnity.  The insurance claim in  essence indemnifies  the  assessee   for  the  loss   of   the  stock   in  trade.     The indemnification that is made to the assessee must stand on the same footing as the income that would have been realized by the assessee on the sale of the stock in trade.   In these circumstances, we are clearly of the view that the insurance claim on account of the stock in trade does not constitute an independent income or a receipt of a nature similar to brokerage, commission, interest, rent or charges. Hence, such a receipt would not be subject to a deduction of ninety percent under clause (1) of Explanation (baa). 11A. Counsel appearing on behalf of the Revenue submitted that the   insurance   claim   has   no   element   of   export   turnover   and   that Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 consequently it  must sustain a reduction  of  ninety percent  under Explanation (baa).  Now it is necessary to note that Explanation (baa) in terms does not refer to export turnover.  Sub section (1) of Section 80HHC contemplates a deduction to the extent of profits derived by the assessee from the export of goods or merchandise to which the section applies.  The basic issue therefore is to determine the extent of profits derived by the assessee from  the export  of such goods  or merchandise.  The formula in sub section (3) of Section 80 HHC has been provided by Parliament, for the purposes of sub section (1)  to compute the profits derived from the export of goods.  Clause (a) of sub   section   (3)   specifies   that   where   the   export   is   of   goods   or merchandise manufactured or processed by the assessee the profits derived from the export shall be the amount which bears to the profits of business, the same proportion as the export turnover in respect of such goods bears to the total turnover of the business carried on by the assessee.  In other words, in determining the profits derived from the export  of goods  or merchandise  the proportion  of the export turnover to the total turnover of the business is applied to the profits Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 of the business.   The profits of the business in turn are defined in Explanation (baa) to Section 80HHC.  Hence, the element of export turnover is a facet which has been taken care of by the legislature in the application of the formula which is referred to in sub section (3) of Section 80HHC.  In determining the profits of the business for the purposes of Explanation (baa), the incomes which are susceptible to a reduction of ninety percent are those which are specifically prescribed by the legislature.   These are inter alia the incomes referred to in clauses (iiia), (iiib) and (iiic) of Section 28 and  receipts by way  of brokerage, commission, interest, rent, charges or  receipts of a similar nature included in such profits.  Therefore, before a receipt is liable to be excluded to the extent of ninety percent, it must be a receipt of a nature similar to   brokerage, commission, interest, rent or charges. For the reasons which we have already indicated, we have come to the conclusion that the claim on account of insurance for the stock in trade   did   not   constitute   a   receipt   of   a   similar   nature   within   the meaning of Explanation (baa) and   was therefore not liable to be reduced   to   the   extent   of   ninety   percent.     The   first   question   will Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 therefore not raise any substantial question of law. Re : Question B

12.

Insofar as this question is concerned, it is common ground between counsel appearing on behalf of the Revenue and counsel appearing on behalf of the assessee that there is no discussion in the order of the Tribunal pertaining to the sundry receipts amounting to Rs.28.17 lacs or as regards the nature of those receipts.   In these circumstances, we consider it appropriate to restore this issue back to the Tribunal for a decision afresh after  hearing the parties. Re : Question C

13.

The   Tribunal   has   observed   that   during   the   course   of Assessment Year 1996­97 the Tribunal had by its decision dated 24 October 2005 restored the issue to the Assessing Officer to examine whether   the   income   could   be   assessed   as   income   from   house property.  The Tribunal noted that the Assessing Officer on remand found that the tenancy was not on a month to month basis and that Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 the income had to be assessed as income from house property.  The decision,   the Court   has  been informed  has  been  accepted  by  the Revenue.  That being the position, we do not find any reason to hold that the Tribunal was in error and the issue raised would not give rise to any substantial question of law. Re : Question D

14.

The assessee which engages in the manufacture and sale of pharmaceutical products had three units at Ankleshwar, Thane and Chandigarh.     The   assessee   entered   into   a   Memorandum   of Understanding   with   its   trade   union   on   16   November   1998   in pursuance of which an amount of Rs.5 lacs was to be paid to each permanent employee upon the closure/ sale of the Ankaleshwar unit. On 24 March 1999 the assessee issued a notice of closure.  Thereafter under a supplementary Memorandum of Understanding of 12 July 1999   further   ex  gratia   of   Rs.2   lacs   was   paid   to   each   permanent employee.  The Ankleshwar unit was closed down with effect from 31 July 1999. The payment made to the employees inter alia comprised Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 of retrenchment compensation under Section 25(F) of the Industrial Disputes  Act,  1947   and  payments  on   account  of   Provident  Fund, gratuity and leave encashment.

15.

The Tribunal observed that though the assessee carried out manufacturing   activity   at   various   locations,   all   other   support functions such as purchase, sales, marketing, distribution, finance and human resources were centralized with the head office.  None of the manufacturing units functioned as independent profit centers.   All purchases for the manufacturing units were centralized at the head office.  The sales and marketing function was also centralized.  The working capital requirements and capital commitments with regard to plant operations were also centralized.  The Tribunal has entered a finding of fact that there was interdependence and a unity of control between   the   three   units   established   by   the   existence   of   common management, a common business organization, administration and fund.   The closure of the unit at Ankleshwar did not involve the closure of the business.  The retrenchment compensation paid to the Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 workmen was therefore an allowable deduction within the meaning of Section 37(1) since there was no closure of the business.

16.

In view of the finding that there has been no closure of the business as such, the payments which were made to the workmen,

therefore qualify for a deduction under Section 37. The view of the Tribunal does not suffer from any error.  No substantial question of law would arise. The appeal  shall accordingly  stand disposed  of in  these terms.  There shall be no order as to costs. (Dr. D.Y.Chandrachud, J.)

(J.P. Devadhar, J.) Uploaded on - 21/08/2020 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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