GHANSHYAM K. KHABRANI vs. ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF INCOME-TAX, CIRCLE-1, THANE AND ORS

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WP/1246/2012HC BombayHCBM01005623201212 March 2012Author: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE DR. D.Y. CHANDRACHUD,HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE M.S. SANKLECHA13 pages
AI SummaryAllowed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the notice reopening the assessment for AY 2004-05 was unsustainable in law on two grounds. Firstly, regarding the reason to believe that income escaped assessment under Section 147, the court found that the disclosed reasons, stemming from information related to AY 2003-04 and the pending appeal for that year, did not provide a tangible basis to believe income had escaped assessment for AY 2004-05. The court noted that the information from the Additional DIT (Investigation) was dated prior to the finalization of the assessment for AY 2003-04, rendering the reopening for the subsequent year illegitimate. Secondly, concerning the procedural requirement under Section 151(2), the court found that the approval for issuing the notice under Section 148, beyond four years from the end of the relevant assessment year, was not granted by the prescribed authority. Section 151(2) mandates the satisfaction of a Joint Commissioner, and the approval was given by the Commissioner of Income Tax, who does not fall within the definition of a Joint Commissioner under Section 2(28C). The court respectfully agreed with the Delhi High Court's view that statutory powers must be exercised by the designated authority. Consequently, the rule was made absolute, and the impugned notice was quashed and set aside.

What were the facts?

The petitioner, Shri Ghanshyam K. Khabrani, an advocate, challenged a notice issued on March 30, 2011, under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, proposing to reopen the assessment for Assessment Year (AY) 2004-05. The Assessing Officer (AO) had previously reopened the assessment for AY 2003-04, making an addition of Rs. 4.9 crores, bringing the total assessed income to Rs. 6.89 crores. This reopening was based on information that the assessee received Pound Sterling 6,50,000 in his Zurich bank account, which the AO considered as payment for professional services rendered in India related to the settlement of a criminal case. The assessee had claimed this amount was for employment in Dubai and that he was an NRI for AY 2003-04, but the AO rejected this, finding no establishment in Dubai and that the assessee used a visitor's visa. The AO held that the amount was received in India and taxed it for AY 2003-04.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the Assessing Officer had a valid reason to believe that income had escaped assessment for Assessment Year 2004-05, under Section 147 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, based on the disclosed reasons. - Assessee's contention: The reasons disclosed for reopening AY 2004-05 were based on information pertaining to AY 2003-04, where an addition of Rs. 4.9 crores was made, and the remaining Rs. 5.1 crores was sought to be taxed in AY 2004-05. The assessee argued that since the proceedings for AY 2003-04 were pending in appeal, and the information itself related to FY 2002-03 (AY 2003-04), there was no basis to believe income escaped assessment for AY 2004-05. The assessee also pointed out that the letter from the Additional DIT (Investigation) was dated prior to the finalization of the assessment for AY 2003-04. - Revenue's contention: Not recorded. 2. Whether the mandatory requirement of Section 151(2) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, was fulfilled for issuing the notice under Section 148, considering the assessment was not made under Section 143(3) or Section 147 for AY 2004-05 and the period was beyond 4 years. - Assessee's contention: The satisfaction for issuing the notice under Section 148, beyond four years, should have been of the Joint Commissioner as defined in Section 2(28C). However, the approval was granted by the Commissioner of Income Tax, who is not a Joint Commissioner. The Additional Commissioner merely forwarded the proposal. The assessee relied on the Delhi High Court's decision in CIT vs. SPL’S Siddhartha Ltd. - Revenue's contention: Not recorded.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 148,Section 143(2),Section 143(3),Section 147,Section 151,Section 151(2),Section 2(28C),Section 117(1)

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Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
ASN 1 WP-1246.sxw IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION  WRIT PETITION NO.1246 OF 2012 Shri. Ghanshyam K. Khabrani. ..Petitioner. Vs. Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax Circle­1,Thane and ors. ..Respondents. Mr. J.D. Mistri, Sr. Advocate with Mr. Madhur Agarwal and Mr.  Atul K. Jasani for the Petitioner. Mr. Suresh Kumar for the Respondent. CORAM :  DR.D.Y.CHANDRACHUD &                                                              M.S. SANKLECHA. JJ. March 12, 2012.

ORAL JUDGMENT : ( Per Dr. D.Y. Chandrachud, J.) Rule; with the consent of learned Counsel for the parties returnable forthwith. With the consent of Counsel and at their request the Petition is taken up for hearing and final disposal. 2 In this proceeding under Article 226 of the Constitution, the petitioner has questioned the legality of a notice issued on 30 March   2011     under   Section   148   of   the   Income   Tax   Act,   1961 proposing to reopen an assessment for Assessment Year 2004­05. The Assessee is an Advocate. For Assessment Year 2003­04, he filed a return of income on 17 November 2003 declaring an  income of Rs. 1.99 crores.  A notice was issued under Section 143(2) since the case CNR No : HCBM010056232012 Uploaded on - 22/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:22:01

ASN 2 WP-1246.sxw was selected for scrutiny and an order was passed  on 26 December 2005  accepting  the return of income submitted by the Assessee. The assessment for Assessment Year 2003­04 was reopened and a notice was issued under Section 148 on 25 March 2010. Pursuant thereto, a fresh order of assessment was passed on 27 December 2010 by which the Assessing Officer made an addition in the amount of Rs.4.9 crores and  determined  the  total   assessed  income   at   Rs.6.89   crores.  The Assessing Officer, in his order of assessment noted that an N.R.I. by the name  of C. K. Pithawalla had advanced an amount of U.S. Dollars 7.3 million in 1995 to M/s. Asian Broadcasting  Network. A Criminal Proceeding appears to have been instituted  under the Indian Penal Code.  The dispute was settled  and the criminal case was withdrawn on 19 April 2003. The Assessee in his original return had disclosed an amount   of   Rs.2.00   crores   as   having   been   received   by   him   for professional   services   rendered   in   connection   with   the   criminal complaint filed by the creditor  above named. The Assessing Officer noted   that   the   creditor   had   in   a   statement   made   before   the Enforcement Directorate stated that an amount of Pound Sterling 6,050,000/­  was  received in repayment of the loan. According to the Assessing Officer, the record shows that the   Assessee received an amount of Pound Sterling 6,50,000/­ in his bank account at Zurich. The Assessing Officer held that these payments which were received by the Assessee abroad were on account of services rendered by him in connection with the settlement of the  criminal case in India.  The Assessee had sought to set up the case that during  2003­04 he was employed in Dubai as Vice President (Legal) for a company and had received a consideration of Pound Sterling 6,50,000/­ on account of his employment. The Assessee claimed that his total   stay during Uploaded on - 22/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:22:01

ASN 3 WP-1246.sxw 2003­04 abroad was 220 days and for the purpose of income tax he was an N.R.I. during that year. The Assessing Officer rejected the case of   the   Assessee   noting   that   the   so   called   employer   had   no establishment at Dubai; that it had not sponsored any visa for   the Assessee for his employment and the Assessee had resided out of India only by availing of a visitor's visa. On this count, the Assessing Officer   held that the Assessee had received an amount of   Pound Sterling  6,50,000/­ on account of professional services rendered in India, the value of which as on 31 March 2003 was Rs.4.9 crores. The Assessee   had contended that the amount was not liable to tax in Assessment Year  2003­04 since  it  was  received in  the  succeeding financial year. The Assessing Officer held that as a matter of fact the amounts were deposited in the bank  account of the assessee outside in   India   in       the   financial   year   2003­04   but   the   Assessee   had intentionally received the amount in   a foreign country in the next financial year to evade the payment of tax. Hence, the entire receipt corresponding to Pound Sterling  6,50,000 was taxed for Assessment Year 2003­04. The Assessee filed his return of income for Assessment Year 2004­05 on 2 September 2004. An intimation was issued under Section 143(1). On 30 March 2011, a notice was issued under Section 148   purporting   to   reopen   the   assessment   for   Assessment   Year 2004­05. The reasons which have been disclosed to the Assessee in reopening the assessment are as follows: Uploaded on - 22/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:22:01

ASN 4 WP-1246.sxw “A   letter   being   No.KYN/Addl.   DIT (Inv.)/TEP/2009­10/284   dated   11   March   2010   is received   from   Additional   D.I.T.   (Investigation), Kalyan. On going through the letter it is gathered that   one   Mr.   Ghanshyam   Khushaldas   Khabrani residing   at   C/o   Dyal   K.   Khabrani,   5 th  floor, Ghanshyam   Nagar,   Thane   (E)   having   PAN   AAKPK 4580 D has received roughly Rs.10 crores during F. Y. 2002­03 i. e. A.Y. 2003­04. On verification of record, it is observed that the Assessee has not offered this amount for taxation in R/I for A.Y. 2003­04. 2 Order u/s. 143(3) read with Section  147 has been   passed   on   27   December   2010,   it   is   clearly mentioned by the AO that in F.Y. 2003­4 an amount of 6,50,000/­ GBP was received by Mr. Khabrani in his foreign bank account i.e. Lloyd­TSB at Zurich. The assessee has filed his return of income for A.Y. 2004­05 by claiming the status of  NRI. The assessee claimed   that     his   stay   outside   India   during   F.Y. 2003­04 was 202 days and he was an NRI. As such his income earned abroad was not liable for taxation in India. The A.O. observed that the Assessee stayed outside India not wholly on account of employment purpose as his substantial stay during this period was by availing the visitor’s visa. Uploaded on - 22/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:22:01

ASN 5 WP-1246.sxw 3 The   A.O.   has   passed   assessment   order   u/s. 143(3) read with Section 147 for A.Y. 2003­04 by making   an   addition   of   Rs.   4.9   crores.   Since,   the income of Rs.5.1 crores is remained to be taxed for A.Y.   2004­05   as   mentioned   in   para­1   above   and therefore, I have a reason to believe that the income of   Rs.   5.1   crores   chargeable   to   tax   has   escaped assessment for A.Y. 2004­05. 4 Since the period to issue a notice is beyond 4 years, proposal u/s. 151 of the I.T. Act to re­open the assessment is put up to the CIT­I, Thane through proper channel and in the prescribed format.” 3 Learned   Senior   Counsel   appearing   on   behalf   of   the Assessee submitted  that: i) The reasons which have been disclosed would indicate that the basis of the reopening is  a letter dated 11 March 2010 of the Additional   DIT   (Investigation)   to   the   effect   that   an   amount approximately of Rs.10 crores was received by the Assessee during the  financial   year   2002­03   corresponding   to   Assessment   Year 2003­04. The   reasons   disclosed   that   in   the   relevant   year   of assessment   under   Section   143(3)   read   with   Section   147   for Assessment Year 2003­04, an addition of Rs.4.9 crores was made. Since, however, an amount of Rs.5.1 crores remained to be taxed, this amount is sought to be taxed as income having escaped assessment for   Assessment   Year   2004­05   which   is   the   next   Assessment   Year. Uploaded on - 22/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:22:01

ASN 6 WP-1246.sxw According   to   the   Assessee,   ex­facie,   this   will   indicate   that   the Assessing Officer could not have any reason to believe that there was escapement   of   income   for   Assessment   Year   2004­05,   since   even according   to   the   Revenue,     income   which   has   been   received   in Assessment Year 2003­04 has escaped assessment; ii) There is no tangible material   on record on the basis of which the assessment can be reopened beyond a period of  four years of   the   end   of   the   relevant     Assessment   Year.   The   letter   of   the Additional DIT dated 11 March 2010 was available when the order of assessment for Assessment Year 2003­04 was passed, over 9 months thereafter on 27 December 2010. The order of assessment brought an additional   amount   of   Rs.4.9   crores   to   tax   for   Assessment   Year 2003­04. Hence, there is absolutely no fresh or tangible material on the   basis   of   which   the   assessment   is   sought   to   be   reopened   for Assessment Year 2004­05; iii) The DCIT issued a notice for reopening on 30 March 2011 when as a matter of fact approval was received with reference to the provisions of  Section­151 from the Commissioner of Income Tax on 31 March 2011. Hence, on the date on which  the notice of reopening was issued, the Assessing Officer was not in receipt of the  approval which is required under Section 151; (iv) Under Section 151(2) the approval was required to be issued by the Additional Commissioner of Income Tax. In the present case, the Additional Commissioner has not granted   approval. The Additional   Commissioner   of   Income   Tax   forwarded   the   proposal Uploaded on - 22/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:22:01

ASN 7 WP-1246.sxw submitted by the Assessing Officer to the CIT. Since the reopening of the   assessment   has   not   been   effected   with   the   approval   of   the authority   having   juri iction   in   the   matter,   the   reopening   of assessment is contrary to law. 4 On the other hand, it has been urged on behalf of the Revenue that: (i) The   reopening   of   the   assessment   is   based   on   the circumstance that information was received in a  tax evasion report to indicate that the Assessee was in receipt  of an amount of Rs.10 crores of which only amount of Rs.4.9 crores was brought to tax in the assessment  for Assessment Year 2003­04. Consequently, the balance of Rs.5.1 crores is sought to be taxed  for Assessment Year 2004­05; ii) The   authority     required   to   grant   its   approval   to   the reopening of the assessment was the Additional CIT and the approval has been granted as a matter of fact by the Commissioner of Income Tax as communicated on 29 March 2011. But, the forwarding letter of the   Additional   CIT   would   indicate   that   he   was   satisfied   of   the circumstances which warranted grant of an approval; (iii) Though  the approval of the CIT was received in the office of the Assessing Officer on 31 March 2011, the Assessing Officer when he issued   a notice of reopening on 30 March 2011,   should be regarded has being aware of the fact that the CIT had remitted his communication dated 29 March 2011 recording the grant of approval. Uploaded on - 22/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:22:01

ASN 8 WP-1246.sxw 5 These submissions now fall for examination. The   assessment for Assessment Year 2004­05 is sought to be reopened by issuing   a   notice dated 30 March 2011 beyond a period of 4 years of the end of the relevant Assessment Year. Earlier, the     Assessment     for   Assessment   Year   2003­04   was   reopened   by issuing a notice under Section 148. The reopening of the Assessment for Assessment Year 2003­4 culminated in an order of assessment dated 27 December 2010 by which the Assessing officer made an addition of Rs.4.9 crores to the returned income of the assessee. The Assessing Officer noted that though the amount had been received by the Assessee in his bank account during financial year 2003­04 (which would   correspond   to   Assessment   Year   2004­05)   the   assessee   had intentionally received that amount in the next year to evade the payment of  tax. The receipt of Rs.4.9 crores was hence brought to tax for Assessment Year 2003­04. The reasons on the basis of which the assessment   for     Assessment   Year     2004­05   is   now   sought   to   be reopened are founded on a  letter dated 11 March 2010 received from the Additional Director of Income Tax (Investigation). A gist of the letter is contained in the first paragraph of the reasons  disclosed  to the Assessee. A copy of the letter has been handed over to the Court during the course of   hearing by learned Counsel for  the Revenue. In the letter dated   11 March 2010, the Additional DIT (Investigation) addressed the following communication to the Additional CIT, Range I, Thane: Uploaded on - 22/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:22:01

ASN 9 WP-1246.sxw “1 Kindly   find   enclosed   herewith   tax evasion   petition   dated   15   February   2010 categorised   as   X   in   the   case   of   Ghanshyam Khushaldas   Kharbani   residing   at   C/o   Dyal   K. Khabrani, 5 th  floor, Ghanshyam Nagar, Thane (E) having   PAN   AAKPK4580D.   The   TEP   is   being forwarded to you as the juri iction over the case rests with Range­1 Thane. 2 As per Para 2 of Page No.2 of the TEP, it is seen that the concerned assessee received roughly Rs.10 crores on which he had not paid taxes. The transaction   pertains   to   A.Y.   2003­04   for   which corrective action requires to be taken urgently as the case is getting time barred on 31 March 2010. 3 You   are   requested   to   kindly   have   it examined and take suitable action at your end.” Ex­facie, it is clear from the letter and from the reasons recorded that the   case   of   the   Revenue   is   that   an   amount   of   Rs.10   crores   was received by the Assessee in the previous year relevant to  Assessment Year 2003­04. Moreover, the reasons note that the Assessing Officer passed an order, having reopened the assessment for Assessment  Year 2003­04, by making an addition of Rs.4.9 crores. The balance of Rs. 5.1 crores which remained to be taxed for Assessment Year 2003­04 is brought to tax for Assessment Year 2004­05. It is evident on these admitted facts that no reasonable person duly informed in law could Uploaded on - 22/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:22:01

ASN 10 WP-1246.sxw have  formed a reason to believe  that there was an escapement of income  in Assessment Year 2004­05. The  case of the Revenue  is that an amount of Rs.10 crores was received by the Assessee  during the Financial Year  corresponding to Assessment Year 2003­04 but has not been   brought   to  tax.   That   being  the   position,   it   is   impossible   to comprehend  as to how  the Assessment for Assessment Year 2004­05 can be reopened. The proceedings for Assessment Year 2003­04 are pending in appeal. The Revenue is at liberty to seek recourse to its legitimate powers available in law   in relation to Assessment Year 2003­04 where the appeal is  pending. The mandatory requirement of Section 147 is that there must be a reason to believe that income has escaped assessment.  Ex­facie the reasons  which were  disclosed to the Assessee cannot form the   basis of a reason   to   believe that income   has   escaped   assessment     for   Assessment   Year   2004­05. Moreover, it is evident that even the letter dated 11 March 2010 of the Additional DIT (Investigation) was much prior to the finalization of the Assessment for Assessment   Year 2003­04 on 27 December 2010. Therefore,   this     is   not  a  case   where  there   is  any  tangible material on the basis  of which the   assessment for Assessment Year 2004­05  can legitimately be opened. 6 The  second  ground upon which the reopening  is sought to be challenged is that the mandatory requirement of Section 151(2) has not been fulfilled. Section 151 requires a sanction to be taken for the issuance of a notice under Section 148 in certain cases.   In the present case,   an   assessment had not been made under Section 143(3) or  Section 147 for A.Y. 2004­05. Hence,  under sub section 2 of Section 151,no notice can be issued under Section 148 by an Uploaded on - 22/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:22:01

ASN 11 WP-1246.sxw Assessing officer who is below the rank of Joint Commissioner after the expiry of 4 years from the end of the relevant Assessment Year unless the Joint Commissioner is satisfied, on the reasons recorded by such Assessing Officer, that it is a fit case for the issue of such  notice. The expression “Joint  Commissioner”  is defined in Section 2(28C) to mean a person appointed to be a Joint Commissioner of Income Tax or  an Additional  Commissioner of Income Tax under Section 117(1). In the present case, the record before the Court indicate that the Assessing Officer submitted a proposal on 28 March 2011 to the CIT(1) Thane through the Additional Commissioner of Income Tax Range (I) Thane. On 28 March 2011, the Additional CIT forwarded the     proposal   to   the   CIT   and   after   recording   a   gist   of   the communication of the Assessing Officer stated that : “As requested by the A.O. Necessary approval for issue of notice u/s. 148 may kindly be granted in the case, if approved.” On this a communication was issued on 29 March 2011 from the office of the CIT (1) conveying approval to the proposal submitted by the Assessing officer. There is merit in the contention raised on behalf of the Assessee that the  requirement  of Section 151(2) could have only been fulfilled by the satisfaction of the Joint Commissioner that this is a fit case for the issuance of a   notice under Section 148. Section  151(2) mandates  that the satisfaction has to be of the  Joint Commissioner. That expression has a distinct meaning   by virtue of the definition in Section 2(28C). The Commissioner of Income Tax is not a Joint Commissioner within the meaning of Section 2(28C). In Uploaded on - 22/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:22:01

ASN 12 WP-1246.sxw the   present   case,   the   Additional   Commissioner     of   Income   Tax forwarded the proposal submitted by the Assessing Officer to the Commissioner of Income Tax. The approval which has been  granted is not by the Additional Commissioner of Income Tax but by the Commissioner of Income Tax. There is no statutory provision here under which a power to be exercised by an officer can be exercised by a superior officer. When the statute mandates the satisfaction of a particular functionary for the exercise of a power, the satisfaction must be of that authority. Where a statute requires  something to be done in a particular manner, it has to be done in  that manner. In a similar situation the Delhi High Court in Commissioner of Income Tax Vs.  SPL’S Siddhartha Ltd. (ITA No.836 of 2011 decided on 14 September   2011)   held   that   powers   which   are   conferred   upon   a particular authority have to be exercised by that authority and the satisfaction which the statute mandates of  a distinct authority cannot be substituted by the satisfaction of another.    We are in respectful agreement with the  judgment of the Delhi High Court. 7 In   view   of   the   findings   which   we   have   recorded   on submissions (i), (ii) and (iv), it is not necessary for   the Court to consider     submission (iii) which has been urged on behalf of the Assessee. Once the Court has come to the conclusion that there was no compliance of the mandatory requirements of   Section 147 and 151(2), the notice reopening the assessment cannot be sustained in law. 8 For these reasons, we are of the view that the petitioner would be entitled to succeed. Rule is made accordingly absolute by Uploaded on - 22/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:22:01

ASN 13 WP-1246.sxw quashing  and  setting  aside   the   impugned  notice   dated  30   march 2011. There shall be no order as to costs. (DR. D.Y. CHANDRACHUD, J.) (M. S. SANKLECHA. J.) Uploaded on - 22/08/2020 Downloaded on - 28/10/2026 03:22:01 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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