COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX-II vs. K PATEL CHEMO PHARMA PVT LTD

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TAXAP/2162/2009HC GujaratGJHC24024862200921 December 2013Author: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE M.R. SHAH,HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE R.D.KOTHARI8 pages
AI SummaryDismissed

What did the High Court hold?

The Tribunal held that for the purpose of calculating "total turnover" under Section 80HHC, sales tax and excise duty are not includible. The Tribunal reasoned that these are indirect taxes recovered on behalf of the government and do not have an element of "turnover" themselves, similar to how interest and commission, though related to exports, are not considered turnover. The Tribunal relied on the schematic interpretation of Section 80HHC and the Supreme Court's decisions in Commissioner of Income-Tax vs. Lakshmi Machine Works and Commissioner of Income-Tax vs. Shiva Tex Yarn Ltd. Regarding the DEPB income, the Tribunal restored the issue to the Assessing Officer for fresh disposal. It found that the CIT(Appeals) was not justified in directing the exclusion of DEPB income without the assessee furnishing details. The Tribunal remanded the matter to the Assessing Officer to provide the assessee with an opportunity of being heard and to dispose of the issue in accordance with the law.

What were the facts?

The Revenue has appealed against a common judgment and order of the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) dated September 14, 2007, concerning assessment years 1999-2000 and 2004-05. The appeals were filed by the Commissioner of Income Tax-II against K Patel Chemo Pharma Pvt Ltd. The core of the dispute revolves around two substantial questions of law concerning deductions under Section 80HHC and the treatment of DEPB income. The ITAT's decision addressed these issues, leading to the present appeals by the Revenue.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the Appellate Tribunal erred in law and on facts by holding that "total turnover" for the purpose of deduction under Section 80HHC does not include sales tax and excise duty, even after the insertion of Section 145A of the Income Tax Act. The Revenue argued for a strict interpretation of "turnover," contending that sales tax and excise duty form part of the value of goods and should be included, citing judgments like M/s. Chowringhee Sales Bureau, Paprika, Ltd., and Love v. Norman Wright (Builders), Ltd. The Assessee's arguments are not explicitly detailed, but the Tribunal's decision implies a different interpretation. 2. Whether the Appellate Tribunal was correct in law and on facts by restoring the issue relating to the exclusion of income from DEPB on an accrual basis to the Assessing Officer, given that the assessee had not furnished necessary details. The Revenue likely contended that the ITAT should not have remanded the issue without proper documentation. The ITAT's reasoning for remand is detailed in the judgment.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 80HHC,Section 145A

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
O/TAXAP/2162/2009 JUDGMENT IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD TAX APPEAL  NO. 2162 of 2009 With  TAX APPEAL NO. 2163 of 2009   FOR APPROVAL AND SIGNATURE:    HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH sd/­  and HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE R.D.KOTHARI sd/­  ============================================ 1. Whether   Reporters   of   Local   Papers   may   be  allowed to see the judgment ? NO 2. To be referred to the Reporter or not ? NO 3. Whether their Lordships wish to see the fair copy  of the judgment ? NO 4. Whether this case involves a substantial question  of law as to the interpretation of the constitution  of India, 1950 or any order made thereunder ? NO 5. Whether it is to be circulated to the civil judge ? NO ============================================= COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX­II....Appellant(s) Versus K PATEL CHEMO PHARMA PVT LTD....Opponent(s) ============================================= Appearance: MRS MAUNA M BHATT, ADVOCATE for the Appellant(s) No. 1 MR MANISH J SHAH, ADVOCATE for the Opponent(s) No. 1 ============================================= CORAM: HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH and HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE R.D.KOTHARI  Date : 21/12/2013

ORAL JUDGMENT (PER : HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH)

1.0.

As common question of law and facts arise in both these appeals and as such with respect to same assessee but with respect to different AY and as such arise out of the impugned common judgment and order passed by the learned Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, both these appeals are decided and disposed of together by this common judgment and order.

2.0.

Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with impugned common judgment   and   order   passed   by   the   learned   Income   Tax   Appellate Tribunal (hereinafter referred to as the “ITAT”) dated 14.09.2007 passed in ITA No.2757­2758/AHD/2007 for AY 1999­2000 and 2004­05, the revenue has preferred the present Tax Appeals to consider the following substantial question of law. “A.Whether the Appellate Tribunal is right in law and on facts in holding that the “total turnover” for the purpose of deduction u/s 80HHC  will not include  sales  tax and  excise  duty even after insertion of Section 145A of the Act? B.Whether the Appellate Tribunal is right in law and on facts in restoring the issue relating to exclusion of income from DEPB on accrual basis to the file of the Assessing Officer when the assessee had not furnished and detail?”

3.0.

Heard Ms. Mauna Bhatt, learned advocate for the revenue and Mr.Manish. Shah, learned advocate for the assessee.

4.0.

Now so far as question no.A is concerned, it appears that the aforesaid substantial question of law framed is now not res integra and the aforesaid substantial question of law is held against the Revenue by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Commissioner of Income­ Tax vs. Lakshmi Machine Works reported in 290 ITR 667 [paras 16 to 18]  and the  decision  of the  Hon’ble  Supreme  Court  in the  case of Lakshmi   Machine   Works   (Supra),   the   Hon’ble   Supreme   Court   has observed and held as under:

“16. The principal reason for enacting the above formula was to disallow a part of 80HHC concession when the entire deduction claimed could not be regarded as relatable to exports. Therefore, while interpreting the words "total turnover" in the above formula in Section 80HHC one has to give a schematic interpretation to that expression.  There is one more reason for giving schematic interpretation.   The various amendments to Section   80HHC   show   that   receipts   by   way   of   brokerage, commission,  interest,  rent  etc. do not form part of business profits as they have no nexus with the activity of exports.   If interest or rent was not regarded by the legislature as business profits, the question of treating the same as part of the total turnover in the above formula did not arise.  In fact, Section 80 HHC had to be amended several times since the formula on several occasions gave a distorted figure of export profits when receipts like interest, rent, commission etc. which did not have the  element  of turnover  got  included  in the profit  and  loss account and consequently became entitled to deduction.   This was   clarified   by   the   above   amendment   to   Section   80HHC commencing from 1.4. 92. The said amendment made it clear that though commission and interest emanated from exports, they did not involve any element of turnover and merely for the reason that commission, interest, rent etc. were included in the profit   and   loss   account,   they   did   not   become   eligible   to deduction.   We have to give purposeful interpretation to the above section.  The said section is entirely based on the formula. The amendments from time to time indicate that they became necessary in order to make the formula workable.  Hence, we have to give schematic interpretation to Section 80HHC of the Act. 17.Shri P.P. Malhotra, leaned senior counsel appearing for the Department (appellant), submitted that one has to give plain and unambiguous meaning to the word "turnover" in the above formula;   that   there   was   no   need   to   call   for   any   rule   of interpretation or external aid to interpret the said word; that having regard to the plain words of the section, excise duty and sales tax ought to have been included in the "total turnover". Learned counsel submitted that the word "turnover" even in the ordinary sense would include the above two items.   Learned counsel urged that the formula should be read strictly.  In this connection, he pointed out that the legislature had expressly excluded items of freight and insurance and not sales tax and excise duty from the said definition.   It was urged that while construing a taxing statute strict interpretation should be given by the Courts.   It was urged that the definition of the words "total turnover" did not include freight/insurance.   He urged that   since   the   legislature   had   excluded   only   insurance   and freight, it was not open to the courts to exclude excise duty and sales   tax   from   the   concept   of   "total   turnover"   in   the   said formula.  He contended that the word "turnover" referred to the aggregate amount for which the goods were sold and since sales tax and excise duty formed part of the value of the goods, the said two items were includible in the definition of the words "total  turnover".    In this  connection,  learned  counsel  placed reliance on the judgment of the Supreme Court in the case of M/s. Chowringhee Sales Bureau (supra).   Reliance was also placed on "The Law and Practice of Income Tax" by Kanga and Palkhivala (eighth edition) at page 123. In support of the contention   that   a   tax   or   duty   is   part   of   the   dealer's trading/business receipts, even if the tax or duty is charged separately or credited to a separate account.  Reliance was also placed on the judgment of the King's Bench Division in the case of Paprika, Ltd., and Another  v.  Board of Trade ­  (1944)1 All E.R. 372, in which it has been held that wherever a sale attracts purchase tax, that tax affects the price which the seller who is liable to pay the tax demands, but it does not cease to be the price which the buyer has to pay even if the price is expressed as cost x + purchase tax. Reliance was also placed on the judgment of the Court of Appeal in the case of Love  v.  Norman Wright (Builders), Ltd. # (1944) 1 All E.R. 618, in which it has been held that if a seller quotes a price of 'x' + purchase tax, the buyer has to pay the amount of the tax as part of the price and since the tax is charged on the wholesale value of the goods the tax element has to be taken into account.  It was urged that one has to give strict interpretation to the word "turnover".  It was urged   that   there   was   no   question   of   giving   purposeful interpretation to the word "turnover" in the said Section 80HHC of   the   Act.   It   was   urged   that   the   legislature   had   used   the expression "total turnover" from which it became clear that the said expression referred to the aggregate amount for which the goods were sold and since the above two items formed part of the   value   of   the   goods,   they   were   includible   in   the   "total turnover".  Learned counsel urged that there was no merit in the contention advanced on behalf of the assessee that excise duty was   the   liability   of   the   assessee   to   the   Government   and, therefore, it was not includible in the total turnover.  Learned counsel   urged   that   there   was   no   merit   in   the   contention advanced   on   behalf   of   the   assessee   that   the   components   of "export turnover" and "total turnover" should be the same in the above formula.   Learned counsel submitted that the formula would  become  unworkable  if the  components  in the "export turnover" and the components in the "total turnover" are the same.  Learned counsel submitted that there was no merit in the argument advanced on behalf of the assessee that excise duty and sales tax did not form part of trading receipts.   Learned counsel submitted that there was no merit in the contention of the  assessee  that the expression  "business  profits"  in Section 80HHC  did  not  include  receipts  which  did not  emanate  for exports   and,   therefore,   such   receipts   did   not   constitute   an element of turnover. 18.We do not find any merit in the above contentions advanced on behalf of the Department.  It is important to note that tax under the Act is upon income, profits and gains.  It is not a tax on gross receipts.   Under Section 2(24) of the Act the word "income" includes profits and gains.  The charge is not on gross receipts but on profits and gains.   The charge is not on gross receipts   but   on   profits   and   gains   properly   so­called.     Gross receipts or sale proceeds, however, include profits.  According to "The Law and Practice of Income Tax" by Kanga and Palkhivala, the word "profits" in Section 28 should be understood in normal and proper sense.  However, subject to special requirements of the income tax, profits have got to be assessed provided they are real profits.   Such profits have to be got to be ascertained on ordinary   principles   of   commercial   trading   and   accounting. However,  the income  tax has laid down  certain  rules  to be applied in deciding how the tax should be assessed and even if the  result  is to tax as profits  what  cannot  be construed  as profits,   still   the   requirements   of   the   income   tax   must   be complied with.   Where a deduction  is necessary in order to ascertain   the   profits   and   gains,   such   deductions   should   be allowed.     Profits   should   be   computed   after   deducting   the expenses incurred for business though such expenses may not be admissible  expressly under  the Act,  unless such expenses are expressly disallowed by the Act [SEE: page 455 of "The Law and Practice of Income Tax" by Kanga and Palkhivala].  Therefore, schematic   interpretation   for   making   the   formula   in   Section 80HHC workable cannot be ruled out.   Similarly, purposeful interpretation of Section 80HHC which has undergone so many changes cannot be ruled out, particularly, when those legislative changes indicate that the legislature intended to exclude items like commission and interest from deduction on the ground that they did not possess any  element  of "turnover"  even though commission and interest emanated from exports.   We have to read the words "total turnover" in Section 80HHC as part of the formula which sought to segregate the "export profits" from the "business profits".   Therefore, we have to read the formula in entirety.  In that formula the entire business profits is not given deduction.   It is the business profit which is proportionately reduced by the above fraction/ratio of export turnover w total turnover   which   constitute   80HHC   concession   (deduction). Income   in   the   nature   of   "business   profits"   was,   therefore, apportioned.  The above formula fixed a ratio in which "business profits" under Section 28 of the Act had to be apportioned. Therefore, one has to give weightage not only to the words "total turnover" but also to the words "export turnover", "total export turnover" and "business profits".   That is the reason why we have quoted hereinabove extensively the illustration from the Direct Taxes (Income tax) Ready Reckoner of the relevant word. In   the   circumstances,   we   cannot   interpret   the   words   "total turnover" in the above formula with reference to the definition of the word "turnover" in other laws like Central Sales Tax or as defined in accounting principles.  Goods for export do not incur excise duty liability.   As stated above,  even commission and interest formed a part of the profit and loss account, however, they were not eligible for deduction under Section 80HHC.  They were not eligible even without the clarification introduced by the legislature by various amendments because they did not involve any element of turnover.  Further, in all other provisions of the income tax, profits and gains were required to be computed with reference to the books of accounts of the assessee.  However, as can be seen from the Income Tax Rules and from the above Form No.10CCAC in the case of deduction under Section 80HHC a report of the auditor certifying  deduction based on export turnover   was   sufficient.     This   is   because   the   very   basis   for computing Section 80HHC deduction was "business profits" as computed   under   Section   28,   a   portion   of   which   had   to   be apportioned in terms of the above ratio of export turnover to total turnover.  Section 80HHC(3) was a beneficial section.  It was intended to provide incentives to promote exports.   The incentive was to exempt profits relatable to exports.  In the case of combined business of an assessee having export business and domestic business the legislature intended to have a formula to ascertain   export   profits   by   apportioning   the   total   business profits on the basis of turnovers.  Apportionment of profits on the basis of turnover was accepted as a method of arriving at export profits.  This method earlier existed under Excess Profits Tax Act, it existed in the Business Profits Tax Act.  Therefore, just as commission received by an assessee is relatable to exports and yet it cannot form part of "turnover", excise duty and sales tax also cannot form part of the "turnover". Similarly, "interest" emanates from exports and yet "interest" does not involve an element of turnover.   The object of the legislature in enacting Section 80HHC of the Act was to confer a benefit on profits accruing   with   reference   to   export   turnover.     Therefore, "turnover" was the requirement.  Commission, rent, interest etc. did   not   involve   any   turnover.     Therefore,   90%   of   such commission, interest etc. was excluded from the profits derived from the export.  Therefore, even without the clarification such items did not form part of the formula in Section 80HHC(3) for the simple  reason that it did not emanate from the "export turnover", much less any turnover.  Even if the assessee was an exclusive   dealer   in   exports,   the   said   commission   was   not includible as it did not spring from the "turnover".   Just as interest, commission etc. did not emanate from the "turnover", so also excise duty and sales tax did not emanate from such turnover.  Since excise duty and sales tax did not involve any such turnover, such taxes had to be excluded.   Commission, interest, rent etc. do yield profits, but they do not partake of the character of turnover and, therefore, they were not includible in the "total turnover".   The above discussion shows that income from  rent,   commission  etc.   cannot  be considered  as  part  of business profits and, therefore, they cannot be held as part of the turnover also.  In fact, in Civil Appeal No.4409 of 2005, the above proposition has been accepted  by the A.O. [See: page no.24 of the paper book], if so, then excise duty and sales tax also cannot  form  part of the "total turnover"  under  Section 80HHC(3), otherwise the formula becomes unworkable.  In our view, sales tax and excise duty also do not have any element of "turnover"   which   is   the   position   even   in   the   case   of   rent, commission, interest etc.  It is important to bear in mind that excise duty and sales tax are indirect taxes.  They are recovered by the assessee on behalf of the Government.  Therefore, if they are   made   relatable   to   exports,   the   formula   under   Section 80HHC would become unworkable.   The view which we have taken is in the light of amendments made to Section 80HHC from time to time.

5.0.

Now,   so   far   as   question   no.   B   whether   the   Appellate Tribunal is right in law and on facts in restoring the issue relating to exclusion   of   income   from   DEPB   on   accrual   basis   to   the   file   of   the Assessing Officer when the assessee had not furnished any detail is concerned, at the outset, it is required to be noted that by impugned judgment and order the learned Tribunal has as such remanded and / or restoring the issue back to the file of the AO   for fresh disposal in accordance   with   law.   While   remanding   the   matter   to   the   Assessing Officer in para 6, the learned ITAT has observed as under: “6.After considering the totality of the facts and circumstances of the case, we are of the opinion that the CIT (Appeals) was not justified in directing the Assessing Officer to exclude the income from DEPB on accrual basis when the Assessee had not furnished any detail before Assessing Officer. Instead of deciding the issue he should have either remanded the same back to the Assessing Officer   or   should   have   allowed   the   Assessing   Officer   an opportunity of being heard as required under Rule 46. In view of above infirmity in the order of the CIT (Appeals), we restore this issue back to the file of Assessing Officer for fresh disposal in accordance   with   law,   after   allowing   the   assessee   as   proper opportunity of being heard.”

6.

0 Under   the   circumstances,   when   the   learned   ITAT   has remanded and / or restored the issue back to the file of Assessing Officer to consider the said issue in accordance with law, it cannot be said that the learned Tribunal has committed any error and / illegality. It is required to be noted that as such before the learned ITAT it was the revenue who preferred the appeals and the learned ITAT has partly allowed   the   said   appeals   and   restored   the   issue   to   the   file   of   the Assessing Officer. Therefore, as such the revenue has succeeded before the learned Tribunal. It is also required to be noted that as such while restoring the matter / issue to the file of the Assessing Officer, the learned ITAT has not made any observations on merits and has simply restored / remanded the issue to file of the Assessing Officer for fresh disposal in accordance with law. Under the circumstances, impugned judgment and order is not required to be interfered with.

7.0.

In view of the above and for the reasons stated above, present appeals   fail   and   they   deserve   to   be   dismissed   and   are   accordingly dismissed. ­ (M.R.SHAH, J.) ­ (R.D.KOTHARI, J.) Kaushik

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