COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX vs. VAPI PRODUCT INDUSTRIES

PDF · subscribers
TAXAP/995/2007HC GujaratGJHC24040888200721 December 2013Author: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE M.R. SHAH,HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE R.D.KOTHARI9 pages
AI SummaryDismissed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the substantial question of law was not res integra and was squarely covered against the Revenue by the decisions of the Supreme Court in Commissioner of Income Tax vs. Lakshmi Machine Works (290 ITR 667) and Commissioner of Income Tax vs. Shiva Tex Yarn Ltd. (2012) 25 Taxmann.Com 302 (SC). The Court noted that the Supreme Court in Lakshmi Machine Works, in paragraphs 16 to 18, emphasized a schematic interpretation of Section 80HHC, considering its purpose as a beneficial provision to incentivize exports. The Court reasoned that excise duty and sales tax, being indirect taxes recovered on behalf of the government and not involving an element of 'turnover' in the same way as export sales, should be excluded from the 'total turnover' for the purpose of calculating the deduction under Section 80HHC. This principle was held to apply even after the insertion of Section 145A. The Tribunal's decision to exclude these taxes was therefore upheld.

What were the facts?

The Revenue has filed a Tax Appeal before the Gujarat High Court challenging the order of the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT), Ahmedabad, dated December 11, 2006, for Assessment Year 2004-05. The appeal concerns the calculation of deduction under Section 80HHC of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The core issue is whether excise duty and sales tax should be included in the total turnover for computing this deduction, especially after the insertion of Section 145A. The ITAT had ruled in favour of the assessee, Vapi Product Industries, holding that these taxes should be excluded.

What were the issues?

1. Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case and in law, the Tribunal was right in holding that excise duty and sales tax will not be included in the total turnover while calculating the deduction under Section 80HHC, even after the insertion of Section 145A? (Question of law) Assessee's Contention: The judgment does not explicitly record arguments made by the assessee. However, the Tribunal's decision, which was upheld, indicates the assessee's position was that excise duty and sales tax should be excluded from total turnover for Section 80HHC deduction. Revenue's Contention: The Revenue argued that excise duty and sales tax ought to have been included in the 'total turnover' as per the plain meaning of the word and that the legislature had expressly excluded only freight and insurance, not these taxes. The Revenue initially attempted to distinguish Supreme Court decisions by arguing that Section 145A was not considered in those cases.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 80HHC,Section 145A,Section 28

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
O/TAXAP/995/2007 JUDGMENT IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD TAX APPEAL  NO. 995 of 2007   FOR APPROVAL AND SIGNATURE:    HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH ­ sd/­ and HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE R.D.KOTHARI ­ sd/­ ============================================= 1. Whether   Reporters   of   Local   Papers   may   be  allowed to see the judgment ? NO 2. To be referred to the Reporter or not ? NO 3. Whether their Lordships wish to see the fair copy  of the judgment ? NO 4. Whether this case involves a substantial question  of law as to the interpretation of the constitution  of India, 1950 or any order made thereunder ? NO 5. Whether it is to be circulated to the civil judge ? NO ============================================= COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX....Appellant(s) Versus VAPI PRODUCT INDUSTRIES....Opponent(s) ============================================= Appearance: MR SUDHIR M MEHTA, ADVOCATE for the Appellant(s) No. 1 MS. GARGI VYAS, LD. ADV FOR M/S WADIAGHANDY & CO, ADVOCATE for  the Opponent(s) No. 1 ============================================= CORAM: HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH and HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE R.D.KOTHARI  Date : 21/12/2013

ORAL JUDGMENT (PER : HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH)

1.0.

Feeling   aggrieved   and   dissatisfied   with   the   impugned judgment   and   order   passed   by   the   learned   Income   Tax   Appellate Tribunal,   Ahmedabad   (hereinafter   referred   to   as   the   “ITAT”)   dated 11.12.2006  passed   in   ITA   No.2184/AHD/2006  for  AY   2004­05,   the revenue has preferred present Tax Appeal raising following substantial question of law. “Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case and in law was the Tribunal right in holding that the excise duty and sales tax will not be included in the total turnover while calculating the deduction u/s 80HHC even after insertion of Section 145A?”

2.0.

We have heard Shri Sudhir Mehta, learned advocate for the revenue   and  Ms.   Gargi   Vyas,   learned   advocate   for   the   respondent assessee.

3.0.

As   stated   hereinabove,   present   Tax   Appeal   has   been admitted   to   consider   the   substantial   question   of   law   whether   the Appellate Tribunal is right in law and on facts in holding that excise duty is to be excluded for the purpose of computation of deduction under Section 80HHC ?

4.0.

Having heard Shri Sudhir Mehta, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the Revenue and Ms. Gargi Vyas, learned counsel appearing on  behalf  of  the   assessees,   it   appears  that   the  aforesaid  substantial question   of   law   framed   is   now   not  res   integra  and   the   aforesaid substantial question of law is held against the Revenue by the Hon’ble Machine Works  reported in  290 ITR 667 [paras 16 to 18]  and  the decision of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Commissioner of “the Act”) has not been considered and dealt with. However, considering the fact that as such there is no amendment in section 80HHC of the Act and considering the observations made by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in paras 16 to 18 in the case of Lakshmi Machine Works (Supra),  Shri Mehta, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the Revenue is not in a position to satisfy the Court as to how the decisions of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the cases of Lakshmi Machine Works (Supra) and Shiva Tex Yarn Ltd. (Supra) would not be applicable to the facts of the case on hand.

6.0.

Identical question came to be considered by this Court in Tax Appeal No.884 of 2006 and other allied Tax Appeals and relying upon the decisions of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Lakshmi Machine Works (Supra) and Shiva Tex Yarn Ltd. (Supra), the aforesaid question is held against the revenue. In the aforesaid decision in Tax Appeal No. 884 of 2006 and allied appeals in para 3 and 4 the Division Bench has observed and held as under: “[3.0] Having heard Shri Manish Bhatt, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the Revenue and Shri Soparkar, learned counsel appearing for assessee in respective appeals and the substantial question of law raised, referred to hereinabove, and the decisions of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the cases of Lakshmi Machine Works (Supra) and Shiva   Tex   Yarn   Ltd.  (Supra),   we   are   of   the   opinion   that   the substantial question of law raised in the present tax appeals is now not res integra and the same is squarely covered against the Revenue by  the   decisions  of   the  Hon’ble  Supreme  Court  in  the  cases  of Lakshmi Machine Works (Supra) and Shiva Tex Yarn Ltd. (Supra). In paras 16 to 18 in the case of Lakshmi Machine Works (Supra), the Hon’ble Supreme Court has observed and held as under:

“16. The principal reason for enacting the above formula was to disallow a part of 80HHC concession when the entire   deduction   claimed   could   not   be   regarded   as relatable to exports. Therefore, while interpreting the words “total turnover” in the above formula in Section 80HHC one has to give a schematic interpretation to that expression. There is one more reason for giving schematic interpretation. The various amendments to Section 80HHC show that receipts by way of brokerage, commission,   interest,   rent   etc.   do   not   form   part   of business profits as they have no nexus with the activity of exports. If interest or rent was not regarded by the legislature as business profits, the question of treating the same as part of the total turnover in the above formula did not arise. In fact, Section 80 HHC had to be amended  several  times  since  the  formula  on  several occasions gave a distorted figure of export profits when receipts like interest, rent, commission etc. which did not have the element of turnover got included in the profit   and   loss   account   and   consequently   became entitled to deduction. This was clarified by the above amendment   to   Section   80HHC   commencing   from 1.4. 92. The said amendment made it clear that though commission and interest emanated from exports, they did not involve any element of turnover and merely for the   reason  that  commission,  interest,  rent  etc.   were included in the profit and loss account, they did not become   eligible   to   deduction.   We   have   to   give purposeful interpretation to the above section. The said section   is   entirely   based   on   the   formula.   The amendments   from   time   to   time   indicate   that   they became   necessary   in   order   to   make   the   formula workable.   Hence,   we   have   to   give   schematic interpretation to Section 80HHC of the Act. 17.Shri P.P. Malhotra, leaned senior counsel appearing for the Department (appellant), submitted that one has to give plain and unambiguous meaning to the word “turnover” in the above formula; that there was no need to call for any rule of interpretation or external aid to interpret the said word; that having regard to the plain words of the section, excise duty and sales tax ought to have   been  included  in  the  “total  turnover”.  Learned counsel submitted that the word “turnover” even in the ordinary   sense   would   include   the   above   two   items. Learned counsel urged that the formula should be read strictly.   In   this   connection,  he   pointed   out   that   the legislature had expressly excluded items of freight and insurance and not sales tax and excise duty from the said definition. It was urged that while  construing a taxing statute strict interpretation should be given by the Courts. It was urged that the definition of the words “total turnover” did not include freight/insurance. He urged   that   since   the   legislature   had   excluded   only insurance and freight, it was not open to the courts to exclude excise duty and sales tax from the concept of “total turnover” in the said formula. He contended that the word “turnover” referred to the aggregate amount for which the goods were sold and since sales tax and excise duty formed part of the value of the goods, the said two items were includible in the definition of the words   “total   turnover”.   In   this   connection,   learned counsel placed reliance on the judgment of the Supreme Court in the case of M/s. Chowringhee Sales Bureau (supra). Reliance was also placed on “The Law and Practice   of   Income   Tax”   by   Kanga   and   Palkhivala (eighth   edition)   at   page   123. In   support   of   the contention that a tax or duty is part of the dealer’s trading/business  receipts,  even  if   the  tax  or  duty  is charged separately or credited to a separate account. Reliance was also placed on the judgment of the King’s Bench Division in the case of Paprika, Ltd., and Another v. Board of Trade (1944)1 All E.R. 372, in which it has been held that wherever a sale attracts purchase tax, that tax affects the price which the seller who is liable to pay the tax demands, but it does not cease to be the price which the buyer has to pay even if the price is expressed as cost x + purchase tax. Reliance was also placed on the judgment of the Court of Appeal in the case of Love v. Norman Wright (Builders), Ltd. # (1944) 1 All E.R. 618, in which it has been held that if a seller quotes a price of ‘x’ + purchase tax, the buyer has to pay the amount of the tax as part of the price and since the tax is charged on the wholesale value of the goods the tax element has to be taken into account. It was urged that one has to give strict interpretation to the word “turnover”. It was urged that there was no question of giving purposeful interpretation to the word “turnover” in the said Section 80HHC of the Act. It was urged that the legislature had used the expression “total turnover” from which it became clear that the said expression referred to the aggregate amount for which the goods were sold and since the above two items formed part of the value of the goods, they were includible in the “total turnover”.  Learned counsel  urged  that  there was no merit   in   the   contention  advanced   on   behalf   of   the assessee that excise duty was the liability of the assessee to the Government and, therefore, it was not includible in the total turnover. Learned counsel urged that there was no merit in the contention advanced on behalf of the assessee that the components of “export turnover” and “total turnover” should be the same in the above formula. Learned counsel submitted that the formula would become unworkable if the components in the “export   turnover”   and   the   components  in   the   “total turnover” are the same. Learned counsel submitted that there was no merit in the argument advanced on behalf of the assessee that excise duty and sales tax did not form part of trading receipts. Learned counsel submitted that there was no merit in the contention of the assessee that the expression “business profits” in Section 80HHC did   not  include  receipts  which  did   not  emanate  for exports and, therefore, such receipts did not constitute an element of turnover. 18.We do not find any merit in the above contentions advanced on behalf of the Department. It is important to note that tax under the Act is upon income, profits and gains. It is not a tax on gross receipts. Under Section 2(24) of the Act the word “income” includes profits and gains. The charge is not on gross receipts but on profits and gains. The charge is not on gross receipts but on profits and gains properly so called.  Gross receipts or sale proceeds, however, include  profits. According to “The Law and Practice of Income Tax” by Kanga and Palkhivala, the word “profits” in Section 28 should be understood   in   normal   and   proper   sense.   However, subject to special requirements of the income tax, profits have got to be assessed provided they are real profits. Such profits have to be got to be ascertained on ordinary principles   of   commercial   trading   and   accounting. However, the income tax has laid down certain rules to be applied in deciding how the tax should be assessed and even if the result is to tax as profits what cannot be construed as profits, still the requirements of the income tax   must   be   complied   with.   Where   a   deduction   is necessary in order to ascertain the profits and gains, such deductions should be allowed. Profits should be computed   after   deducting   the   expenses   incurred   for business though such expenses may not be admissible expressly   under   the   Act,   unless   such   expenses   are expressly disallowed by the Act [SEE: page 455 of “The Law   and   Practice   of   Income   Tax”   by   Kanga   and Palkhivala].   Therefore,   schematic   interpretation   for making the formula in Section 80HHC workable cannot be   ruled   out.  Similarly,   purposeful   interpretation   of Section 80HHC which has undergone so many changes cannot be ruled out, particularly, when those legislative changes indicate that the legislature intended to exclude items like commission and interest from deduction on the ground that they did not possess any element of “turnover”   even   though   commission   and   interest emanated from exports. We have to read the words “total turnover” in Section 80HHC as part of the formula which sought to segregate the “export profits” from the “business   profits”.   Therefore,   we   have   to   read   the formula in entirety. In that formula the entire business profits is not given deduction. It is  the business profit which   is   proportionately   reduced   by   the   above fraction/ratio of export turnover w total turnover which constitute 80HHC concession (deduction). Income in the nature of “business profits” was, therefore, apportioned. The  above  formula  fixed  a  ratio  in  which  “business profits”   under   Section   28   of   the   Act   had   to   be apportioned. Therefore, one has to give weightage not only to the words “total turnover” but also to the words “export turnover”, “total export turnover” and “business profits”.   That   is   the   reason   why   we   have   quoted hereinabove extensively the illustration from the Direct Taxes  (Income  tax)   Ready  Reckoner  of   the  relevant word.  In  the  circumstances,  we cannot  interpret the words   “total   turnover”   in   the   above   formula   with reference to the definition of the word “turnover” in other   laws   like   Central   Sales   Tax   or   as   defined   in accounting principles. Goods for export do not incur excise duty liability. As stated above, even commission and interest formed a part of the profit and loss account, however, they were not eligible for deduction under Section 80HHC. They were not eligible even without the clarification  introduced  by   the   legislature  by   various amendments because they did not involve any element of   turnover.   Further,   in   all   other   provisions   of   the income   tax,   profits   and   gains   were   required   to   be computed with reference to the books of accounts of the assessee. However, as can be seen from the Income Tax Rules and from the above Form No.10CCAC in the case of   deduction   under   Section  80HHC  a   report   of   the auditor certifying deduction based on export turnover was   sufficient.   This   is   because   the   very   basis   for computing   Section   80HHC   deduction   was   “business profits” as computed under Section 28, a portion of which had to be apportioned in terms of the above ratio of export turnover to total turnover. Section 80HHC(3) was a beneficial section.  It was intended to  provide incentives  to   promote  exports.  The  incentive  was  to exempt   profits   relatable   to   exports.   In   the   case   of combined business of an assessee having export business and domestic business the legislature intended to have a formula to ascertain export profits by apportioning the total   business   profits   on   the   basis   of   turnovers. Apportionment of profits on the basis of turnover was accepted as a method of arriving at export profits. This method earlier existed under Excess Profits Tax Act, it existed in the Business Profits Tax Act. Therefore, just as commission   received   by   an   assessee   is   relatable   to exports and yet it cannot form part of “turnover”, excise duty   and   sales   tax   also   cannot   form   part   of   the “turnover”. Similarly, “interest” emanates from exports and   yet   “interest”   does   not   involve   an   element   of turnover.   The   object   of   the   legislature   in   enacting Section 80HHC of the Act was to confer a benefit on profits   accruing   with   reference   to   export   turnover. Therefore,   “turnover”   was   the   requirement. Commission,   rent,   interest   etc.   did   not   involve   any turnover. Therefore, 90% of such commission, interest etc. was excluded from the profits derived from the export. Therefore, even without the clarification such items   did   not   form   part   of   the   formula   in   Section 80HHC(3) for the simple reason that it did not emanate from the “export turnover”, much less any turnover. Even if the assessee was an exclusive dealer in exports, the said commission was not includible as it did not spring from the “turnover”. Just as interest, commission etc. did not emanate from the “turnover”, so also excise duty and sales tax did not emanate from such turnover. Since excise duty and sales tax did not involve any such turnover, such taxes had to be excluded. Commission, interest,   rent   etc.   do   yield   profits,   but   they   do   not partake of the character of turnover and, therefore, they were not includible in the “total turnover”. The above

discussion shows that income from rent, commission etc. cannot be considered as part of business profits and, therefore, they cannot be held as part of the turnover also. In fact, in Civil Appeal No.4409 of 2005, the above proposition has been accepted by the A.O. [See: page no.24 of the paper book], if so, then excise duty and sales tax also cannot form part of the “total turnover” under   Section   80HHC(3),   otherwise   the   formula becomes unworkable. In our view, sales tax and excise duty also do not have any element of “turnover” which is the  position even in the case of rent, commission, interest etc. It is important to bear in mind that excise duty and sales tax are indirect taxes. They are recovered by the assessee on behalf of the Government. Therefore, if they are made relatable to exports, the formula under Section 80HHC would become unworkable. The view which we have taken is in the light of amendments made to Section 80HHC from time to time. Even in the subsequent decision in the case of Shiva Tex Yarn Ltd. (Supra), the Hon’ble Supreme Court even with respect to assessment order after section 145A, has followed the decision of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Lakshmi Machine Works (Supra). [4.0] Applying the ratio of law laid down by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Lakshmi Machine Works (Supra) to the facts of the cases on hand, the question raised is held against the Revenue and it is held that the learned Tribunal has not committed any error in holding that the excise duty is excise duty is to be excluded for the purpose of computation of deduction u/s. 80HHC.”

7.0.

Applying ratio laid down by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of  Lakshmi Machine Works (Supra) and Shiva Tex Yarn Ltd. (Supra) as well as recent decision of this Court in Tax Appeal No. 884 of 2006 and other allied appeals, to the facts of the case on hand the question   raised   in   the   present   Tax   Appeal   is   answered   against   the revenue and it is held that the learned Tribunal has not committed any error in holding that the components of sales tax and central excise do not form part of sale proceeds for the purpose of Section 80HHC of the Act despite insertion of Section 145 A of the Act.

8.0.

Under the circumstances, present Tax Appeal deserves to be dismissed and is accordingly dismissed. No costs. ­ (M.R.SHAH, J.) ­ (R.D.KOTHARI, J.) Kaushik

More judgments on Section 80HHC

All 1,083 judgments and leading authorities on Section 80HHC →

Recent GST High Court judgments

Search GST case law →