COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX CENTRAL-II, vs. PRAVIN P CHOKSHI

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TAXAP/1063/2008HC GujaratGJHC24025453200821 December 2013Author: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE M.R. SHAH,HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE R.D.KOTHARI6 pages
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What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the issues in the present appeal are squarely covered by the decision of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Commissioner of Income Tax vs. Suresh N. Gupta (Supra) in favour of the Revenue. Applying the ratio laid down by the Supreme Court, the questions/issues arising in the present appeal are required to be answered in favour of the Revenue. The High Court found no merit in the assessee's arguments that the proviso to Section 113 could not operate retrospectively. The Court reasoned that both the Finance Acts of 2000 and 2001 indicated a substantive charge in respect of income tax and prescribed rates of surcharge. The proviso was inserted to clarify the ambiguity regarding which year's Finance Act would apply for surcharge levy in block assessments, specifically stating that the Finance Act of the year in which the search was initiated would be relevant. Therefore, the proviso was considered clarificatory and not retrospective. The High Court allowed the Tax Appeal, holding the question in favour of the Revenue and reversing the impugned judgment and order of the ITAT to that extent.

What were the facts?

The Revenue is in appeal against the order of the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) for Assessment Years (AY) 1989-90 to 14.12.1999. A search under Section 132 of the Income Tax Act was conducted at the assessee's premises, leading to a notice under Section 158BC. The assessee declared undisclosed income of Rs. 5,00,000. The Assessing Officer (AO) added Rs. 4,70,750 as unaccounted marriage expenses, bringing the total undisclosed income to Rs. 9,70,750. The Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) partly allowed the assessee's appeal by deleting the addition of Rs. 4,70,750. The Revenue appealed to the ITAT, which dismissed the appeal, confirming the deletion made by the CIT(A). The Revenue is now before the High Court challenging the ITAT's decision.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the Appellate Tribunal was correct in law and on facts in deleting the surcharge, disregarding that provisions for levy of surcharge were applicable prior to the insertion of the proviso to Section 113 by the Finance Act 2000 (w.e.f. June 1, 2002), given the specific provision in Paragraph A of Part I of the First Schedule relating to surcharge on Income Tax of the relevant Finance Act? The Revenue contends that the subsequent insertion of the same provision in Section 113 by way of a proviso was clarificatory, not intended to nullify the old provision regarding surcharge. 2. Whether the Appellate Tribunal was correct in law and on facts in ignoring the provisions of the Finance Act, a Central Act governing the charge of tax as per Section 4 of the Income Tax Act? Assessee's arguments are not recorded in the judgment. Revenue's arguments are based on the decision of the Apex Court in Commissioner of Income Tax vs. Suresh N. Gupta, which held that the proviso to Section 113 was inserted to clarify that the Finance Act of the year in which the search was initiated would apply, and that this proviso was clarificatory in nature.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 132,Section 158BC,Section 143(2),Section 4,Section 113,Section 158BA(2)

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Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
O/TAXAP/1063/2008 JUDGMENT IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD TAX APPEAL  NO. 1063 of 2008 FOR APPROVAL AND SIGNATURE:  HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH ­ sd/­ and HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE R.D.KOTHARI sd/­ ============================================= 1. Whether   Reporters   of   Local   Papers   may   be  allowed to see the judgment ? NO 2. To be referred to the Reporter or not ? NO 3. Whether their Lordships wish to see the fair copy  of the judgment ? NO 4. Whether this case involves a substantial question  of law as to the interpretation of the constitution  of India, 1950 or any order made thereunder ? NO 5. Whether it is to be circulated to the civil judge ? NO ============================================= COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX CENTRAL­II,....Appellant(s) Versus PRAVIN P CHOKSHI....Opponent(s) ============================================= Appearance: MRS MAUNA M BHATT, ADVOCATE for the Appellant(s) No. 1 RULE SERVED for the Opponent(s) No. 1 ============================================= CORAM: HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH and HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE R.D.KOTHARI  Date : 21/12/2013

ORAL JUDGMENT (PER : HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH)

1.0.

Feeling   aggrieved   and   dissatisfied   with   the   impugned judgment   and   order   dated   13.07.2007   passed   by   the   Income   Tax Appellate Tribunal (hereinafter referred to as the “ITAT”) passed in IT (SS) A. No.25/AHD/2003 for AY 1989­90 to 14.12.1999, revenue has preferred   the   present   Tax   Appeal   to   consider   following   substantial questions of law: 1.Whether the Appellate Tribunal is right in law and on facts   in   deleting   the   surcharge   ignoring   the   fact   that provision for levy of surcharge were also applicable prior to insertion of proviso to Section 113 by Finance Act 2000 w.e.f. 1st June 2002, in view of specific provision contained in paragraph A of part I of the First Schedule relating to the levy of surcharge on Income Tax of the relevant Finance Act. The subsequent insertion of the same provision in Section 113 by way of proviso is clarificatory and not  with a view to nullify the old provision relating to charge of surcharge? 2.Whether the Appellate Tribunal is right in law and on facts in ignoring the provision of the Finance Act which is a Central Act governing the charge of tax as per Section 4 of the Income Tax Act?”

2.0.

A search was conducted under Section 132 of the Income Tax Act (hereinafter referred to as the “Act”) at the residential premises of the assessee. Thereafter, statutory notice as required under Section 158BC of the Act was issued and served on the assessee on 14.6.2000. In response   to   the   statutory   notice,   the   assessee   furnished   return     of undisclosed income in form No.2B declaring therein total undisclosed income   of   Rs.5,00,000/­   for   the   block   period   under   reference. Subsequently, notice under Section 143(2) of the Act was issued and served upon the assessee. That during the assessment proceeding, the Assessing Officer directed to make addition of Rs.9,70,750/­ as under: Total   undisclosed   income   declared   in return form 2B by the assessee Rs. 5,00,000/­ Add, Unaccounted Marriage expenses Rs. 4,70,750/­ Total undisclosed income for the block period Rs. 9,70,750/­ 2. 1. Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the order passed by the Assessing Officer in determining the assessee undisclosed income of Rs.   9,70,750/­   as   against   the   undisclosed   income   at   Rs.5,00,000/­ declared by the assessee and its block return, the assessee preferred appeal before the CIT(A) and the learned CIT(A) partly allowed the said appeal deleting addition of Rs.4,70,750/­. 2..2 Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the order passed by the   CIT(A),   the   revenue   preferred   appeal   before   the   ITAT   and   by impugned judgment and order the learned ITAT has dismissed the said appeal confirming the deletion made by the CIT(A).

2.3.

Feeling   aggrieved   and   dissatisfied   with   the   impugned judgment   and   order   passed   by   the   learned   ITAT,   the   revenue   has preferred   present   Tax   Appeal   to   consider   the   following   substantial questions of law. 1.Whether the Appellate Tribunal is right in law and on facts   in   deleting   the   surcharge   ignoring   the   fact   that provision for levy of surcharge were also applicable prior to insertion of proviso to Section 113 by Finance Act 2000 w.e.f. 1st June 2002, in view of specific provision contained in paragraph A of part I of the First Schedule relating to the levy of surcharge on Income Tax of the relevant Finance Act. The subsequent insertion of the same provision in Section 113 by way of proviso is clarificatory and not  with a view to nullify the old provision relating to charge of surcharge? 2.Whether the Appellate Tribunal is right in law and on facts in ignoring the provision of the Finance Act which is a Central Act governing the charge of tax as per Section 4 of the Income Tax Act?” 3.0. retrospective operation. The Bench held and observed as under: 22.As stated above, section 158BA(2) read with Section 4 of the 1961 Act looks at section 113 for the imposition rate at which tax has to be imposed in the case of block assessment. That rate is 60 per cent. That rate is fixed by the 1961 Act itself. That rate has been stipulated by Parliament not with a view to oust the levy of surcharge but to make the levy cost effective and easy. Therefore,  a   flat   rate   is   prescribed.   The   difficulty   in   block assessment is that one has to correlate the undisclosed income to different years in which income is earned, hence, Parliament has fixed a flat rate of  tax in section 113 [see [1995] 212 (St.)69]. On the contrary, a bare perusal of various Finance Acts starting from 1999 indicates that Parliament was aware of the rate of tax prescribed by section 113 and yet in the various Finance Acts, Parliament has sought to levy surcharge on the tax in the case of block assessment. In the present case, the Assessing Officer has applied the rate of surcharge at 17 per cent. Which rate finds place in paragraph A of Part I of the First Schedule to the said Finance Act of 2001, therefore, surcharge leviable   under   the   Finance   Act   was   a   distinct   charge,   not dependant for its leviability on the assessee’s liability to pay incometax but on assessed tax. 23.For the aforementioned reasons, we hold that even without the proviso to section 113 (inserted vide Finance Act, 2002, with effect from June 1, 2002), the Finance Act 2001, was applicable to block assessment under Chapter XIVB in relation to the search initiated on January 17,2001, and accordingly surcharge was leviable on the tax amounting to Rs.97,456 at 17 percent.  Amounting to Rs.16,504. We accordingly answer the above  question   in   favour   of   the   Revenue   and   against   the assessee. Whether insertion of the proviso in section 113 by the Finance Act, 2002 was applicable to search up to May 31, 2002. 24.In view of our findings on the first point, strictly speaking, we are not required to examine this question. However, it has been vehemently urged on behalf of the assessee that the said proviso   cannot   operate   retrospectively.   This   argument   is founded on the basis that until the amendment in section 113 with effect from June 1, 2002, there was inconsistency with regard to levy of surcharge. According to the assessee, the question  which  usually  bothered both  the assessee and the Department was whether surcharge was leviable with reference to the rates provided for in the Finance Act of the year in which the search was initiated or the year in which the search was concluded   or   the   year   in   which   the   block   assessment proceedings under section 158BC were initiated or the year in which   block  assessment  order  was  passed.According   to   the assessee, there was a conference of Chief Commissioners which had suggested to the Central Government to amend section 113 with   retrospective   effect.   However,   despite   such recommendations, the Central Government inserted the proviso in section 113 only with effect from June 1, 2002. Therefore, according to the assessee, the proviso cannot be interpreted as retrospective. 25.We find no merit in the above arguments. Both, the Finance Acts of 2000 and 2001, indicated that a substantive charge was created in respect of the incometax to be levied. Both these Acts prescribed the rates of surcharge. The said surcharge did not depend   for   its   leviability   on   the   assessee’s   liability   to   pay incometax but on the assessed tax. The assessee has relied upon the above anomalies in support of their contention that such anomalies   made   the   charge   ineffective.   In   our   view,   such submission amounts to begging the question. According to the assessee, prior to June 1, 2002, the position was ambiguous as it was not clear even to the Department as to which year’s Finance Act would be applicable. To clear this doubt precisely, the proviso has been inserted in section 113 by which it is indicated that the Finance Act of the year in which the search was initiated would apply. Therefore, in our view, the said proviso was clarificatory in nature. In taxation, legislation of the type indicated by the proviso has to be read strictly. There is no question of retrospective effect. The proviso only clarifies that out of the four dates, Parliament has opted for the date, namely the year in which the search is initiated, which date would be relevant for applicability of a particular Finance Act. Therefore, we have to read the proviso as it stands. 26.There is one more reason for rejecting the above submission. Prior to June 1, 2002, in several cases, tax was prescribed sometimes in the 1961 Act and sometimes in the Finance Act and often in both. This made liability uncertain. In the present case, however, the rate of tax in case of block assessment at 60 per cent. Was prescribed by section 113 but the year of the Finance   Act   imposing   surcharge   was   not   stipulated.  This resulted in the above four ambiguities. Therefore, clarification was needed. The proviso was curative in nature.  Hence, the proviso inserted in section 113 merely clarifies that out of the above  four   dates,  the  relevant  date  for  applicability  of  the Finance  Act  would  be  the  year  in   which  the  search  stood initiated under section 158BC.”

4.0.

The issues arising in the present appeal are thus squarely covered by the above mentioned decision of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Suresh N. Gupta(Supra) in favour of the revenue.

5.0.

Applying ratio / law laid down by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Suresh N. Gupta (Supra) to the facts of the case on hand, the question / issues arise in the present appeal are required to be answered in favour of the revenue.

6.0.

In view of the above, present Tax Appeal is allowed and  the question   is   held   in   favour   of   the   revenue.   To   the   aforesaid   extent, impugned   judgment   and   order   passed   by   the   learned   ITAT   stands reversed. (M.R.SHAH, J.) ­ (R.D.KOTHARI, J.) Kaushik

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