THE COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX-I vs. DYNTEX DYECHEM LTD

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TAXAP/1364/2008HC GujaratGJHC24025723200821 December 2013Author: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE M.R. SHAH,HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE R.D.KOTHARI9 pages
AI SummaryDismissed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the substantial question of law raised in the appeal was not res integra and was squarely covered against the Revenue by the decisions of the Supreme Court in Commissioner of Income Tax vs. Lakshmi Machine Works and Commissioner of Income Tax vs. Shiva Tex Yarn Ltd. The Court noted that the Supreme Court in Lakshmi Machine Works, in paragraphs 16 to 18, had emphasized a schematic interpretation of Section 80HHC, considering its purpose as a beneficial provision to incentivize exports. The Court reasoned that items like excise duty and sales tax, being indirect taxes recovered on behalf of the government and not involving an element of 'turnover' themselves, should be excluded from the total turnover for the purpose of Section 80HHC. This reasoning was applied even in cases where Section 145A was in effect. Therefore, the Tribunal's decision to exclude excise duty and sales tax was upheld.

What were the facts?

The Revenue has filed a Tax Appeal before the High Court of Gujarat at Ahmedabad, challenging an order passed by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT), Ahmedabad, dated 25.05.2007, for Assessment Year 1999-2000. The appeal concerns the computation of deduction under Section 80HHC of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The core issue is whether excise duty and sales tax should be excluded from the total turnover for the purpose of calculating this deduction. The assessee, Dytex Dyechem Ltd., is the opponent in this appeal.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the Appellate Tribunal is right in law and on facts in directing the Assessing Officer to exclude excise duty and sales tax from the total turnover when computing the deduction under Section 80HHC? Assessee's Contentions: Not recorded in the judgment. Revenue's Contentions: The Revenue argued that excise duty and sales tax ought to be included in the 'total turnover' based on a plain and unambiguous meaning of the word 'turnover'. They contended that the legislature had expressly excluded only freight and insurance, and not sales tax and excise duty, from the definition. They relied on the principle of strict interpretation for taxing statutes and argued that since sales tax and excise duty formed part of the value of the goods, they should be included. The Revenue initially attempted to distinguish Supreme Court decisions by arguing that Section 145A of the Act was not considered in those cases.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 80HHC,Section 145A,Section 28

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
O/TAXAP/1364/2008 JUDGMENT IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD TAX APPEAL  NO. 1364 of 2008 FOR APPROVAL AND SIGNATURE:    HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH sd/­ and HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE R.D.KOTHARI sd/­ ============================================= 1. Whether   Reporters   of   Local   Papers   may   be  allowed to see the judgment ? NO 2. To be referred to the Reporter or not ? NO 3. Whether their Lordships wish to see the fair copy  of the judgment ? NO 4. Whether this case involves a substantial question  of law as to the interpretation of the constitution  of India, 1950 or any order made thereunder ? NO 5. Whether it is to be circulated to the civil judge ? NO ============================================= THE COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX­I....Appellant(s) Versus DYNTEX DYECHEM LTD....Opponent(s) ============================================= Appearance: MRS MAUNA M BHATT, ADVOCATE for the Appellant(s) No. 1 RULE UNSERVED for the Opponent(s) No. 1 ============================================= CORAM: HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH and HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE R.D.KOTHARI  Date : 21/12/2013

ORAL JUDGMENT (PER : HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH)

1.0.

Feeling   aggrieved   and   dissatisfied   with   the   impugned judgment   and   order   passed   by   the   learned   Income   Tax   Appellate Tribunal,   Ahmedabad   (hereinafter   referred   to   as   the   “ITAT”)   dated 25.05.2007  passed   in   ITA   No.1215/AHD/2003  for  AY   1999­00,   the revenue has preferred present Tax Appeal raising following substantial question of law. “Whether the Appellate Tribunal is right in law and on facts in directing the Assessing Officer to exclude excise duty and sales tax from the total turnover computing deduction u/s 80 HHC?”

2.0.

We have heard Ms. Mauna Bhatt, learned advocate for the revenue.

3.0.

As   stated   hereinabove,   present   Tax   Appeal   has   been admitted   to   consider   the   substantial   question   of   law   whether   the Appellate Tribunal is right in law and on facts in holding that excise duty is to be excluded for the purpose of computation of deduction under Section 80HHC ?

4.0.

Having heard Ms. Mauna Bhatt, learned counsel appearing on  behalf   of   the   Revenue,   it   appears   that   the   aforesaid   substantial question   of   law   framed   is   now   not  res   integra  and   the   aforesaid substantial question of law is held against the Revenue by the Hon’ble Machine Works  reported in  290 ITR 667 [paras 16 to 18]  and  the decision of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Commissioner of “the Act”) has not been considered and dealt with. However, considering the fact that as such there is no amendment in section 80HHC of the Act and considering the observations made by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in paras 16 to 18 in the case of Lakshmi Machine Works (Supra),  Ms. Mauna Bhatt, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the Revenue is not in a position to satisfy the Court as to how the decisions of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the cases of Lakshmi Machine Works (Supra) and Shiva Tex Yarn Ltd. (Supra) would not be applicable to the facts of the case on hand.

6.0.

Identical question came to be considered by this Court in Tax Appeal No.884 of 2006 and other allied Tax Appeals and relying upon the decisions of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Lakshmi Machine Works (Supra) and Shiva Tex Yarn Ltd. (Supra), the aforesaid question is held against the revenue. In the aforesaid decision in Tax Appeal No. 884 of 2006 and allied appeals in para 3 and 4 the Division Bench has observed and held as under: “[3.0] Having heard Shri Manish Bhatt, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the Revenue and Shri Soparkar, learned counsel appearing for assessee in respective appeals and the substantial question of law raised, referred to hereinabove, and the decisions of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the cases of Lakshmi Machine Works (Supra) and Shiva   Tex   Yarn   Ltd.  (Supra),   we   are   of   the   opinion   that   the substantial question of law raised in the present tax appeals is now not res integra and the same is squarely covered against the Revenue by  the   decisions  of   the  Hon’ble  Supreme  Court  in  the  cases  of Lakshmi Machine Works (Supra) and Shiva Tex Yarn Ltd. (Supra). In paras 16 to 18 in the case of Lakshmi Machine Works (Supra), the Hon’ble Supreme Court has observed and held as under:

“16. The principal reason for enacting the above formula was to  disallow a part of 80HHC concession when the entire   deduction   claimed   could   not   be   regarded   as relatable  to   exports.  Therefore,  while  interpreting  the words “total turnover” in the above formula in Section 80HHC one has to give a schematic interpretation to that expression. There is one more reason for giving schematic interpretation.   The   various   amendments   to  Section 80HHC   show   that   receipts   by   way   of   brokerage, commission,   interest,   rent   etc.   do  not   form   part   of business profits as they have no nexus with the activity of exports.   If   interest   or   rent   was  not   regarded   by   the legislature as business profits, the question of treating the same as part of the total turnover in the above formula did not arise. In fact, Section 80 HHC had to be amended several times since the formula on several occasions gave a distorted figure of export profits when receipts like interest, rent, commission etc. which did not have the element of turnover got included in the profit and loss account and consequently became entitled to deduction. This was clarified by the above amendment to Section 80HHC commencing from 1.4. 92. The said amendment made   it   clear   that   though   commission   and   interest emanated from exports, they did not involve any element of turnover and merely for the reason that commission, interest, rent etc. were included in the profit and loss account, they did not become eligible to deduction. We have   to   give   purposeful   interpretation   to   the   above section. The said section is entirely based on the formula. The amendments from time to time indicate that they became necessary in order to make the formula workable. Hence,   we   have   to   give   schematic   interpretation   to Section 80HHC of the Act. 17.Shri P.P. Malhotra, leaned senior counsel appearing for the Department (appellant), submitted that one has to give   plain   and   unambiguous   meaning   to   the   word “turnover” in the above formula; that there was no need to call for any rule of interpretation or external aid to interpret the said word; that having regard to the plain words of the section, excise duty and sales tax ought to have   been   included   in   the   “total   turnover”.   Learned counsel submitted that the word “turnover” even in the ordinary   sense   would   include   the   above   two   items. Learned counsel urged that the formula should be read strictly.   In   this   connection,   he   pointed   out   that   the legislature had expressly excluded items of freight and insurance and not sales tax and excise duty from the said definition. It was urged that while  construing a taxing statute strict interpretation should be given by the Courts. It   was   urged   that   the   definition  of   the   words  “total turnover” did not include freight/insurance. He urged that since the legislature had excluded only insurance and freight, it was not open to the courts to exclude excise   duty   and   sales  tax   from  the   concept  of   “total turnover” in the said formula. He contended that  the word “turnover” referred to the aggregate amount for which the goods were sold and since sales tax and excise duty formed part of the value of the goods, the said two items were includible in the definition of the words “total turnover”.   In   this   connection,   learned   counsel   placed reliance on the judgment of the Supreme Court in the case of M/s. Chowringhee Sales Bureau (supra). Reliance was also placed on “The Law and Practice of Income Tax” by Kanga and Palkhivala (eighth edition) at page 123. In support of the contention that a tax or duty is part of the dealer’s trading/business receipts, even if the tax or duty is charged separately or credited to a separate account. Reliance was also placed on the judgment of the King’s Bench Division in the case of Paprika, Ltd., and Another v. Board of Trade (1944)1 All E.R. 372, in which it has been held that wherever a sale attracts purchase tax, that tax affects the price which the seller who is liable to pay the tax demands, but it does not cease to be the price which the buyer has to pay even if the price is expressed as cost x + purchase tax. Reliance was also placed on the judgment of the Court of Appeal in the case of Love v. Norman Wright (Builders), Ltd. # (1944) 1 All E.R. 618, in which it has been held that if a seller quotes a price of ‘x’ + purchase tax, the buyer has to pay the amount of the tax as part of the price and since the tax is charged on the wholesale value of the goods the tax element has to be taken into account. It was urged that one has to give strict interpretation to the word “turnover”. It was urged that   there   was   no   question   of   giving   purposeful interpretation to the word “turnover” in the said Section 80HHC of the Act. It was urged that the legislature had used   the   expression   “total   turnover”   from   which   it became clear that the said expression referred to the aggregate amount for which the goods were sold and since the above two items formed part of the value of the goods,   they   were   includible   in   the   “total   turnover”. Learned counsel urged that there was no merit in the contention advanced on behalf of the assessee that excise duty was the liability of the assessee to the Government and, therefore, it was not includible in the total turnover. Learned counsel urged that there was no merit in the contention advanced on behalf of the assessee that the components of  “export  turnover”  and  “total  turnover” should   be   the   same   in   the   above   formula.   Learned counsel   submitted   that   the   formula   would   become unworkable if the components in the “export turnover” and the components in the “total turnover” are the same. Learned counsel submitted that there was no merit in the argument advanced on behalf of the assessee that excise duty and sales tax did not form part of trading receipts. Learned counsel submitted that there was no merit in the contention of the assessee that the expression “business profits” in Section 80HHC did not include receipts which did not emanate for exports and, therefore, such receipts did not constitute an element of turnover. 18.We do not find any merit in the above contentions advanced on behalf of the Department. It is important to note that tax under the Act is upon income, profits and gains. It is not a tax on gross receipts. Under Section 2(24) of the Act the word “income” includes profits and gains. The charge is not on gross receipts but on profits and gains. The charge is not on gross receipts but on profits and gains properly so called. Gross receipts or sale proceeds,  however,  include  profits.  According  to  “The Law   and   Practice   of   Income   Tax”   by   Kanga   and Palkhivala, the word “profits” in Section 28 should be understood in normal and proper sense. However, subject to special requirements of the income tax, profits have got to be assessed  provided they are real profits. Such profits  have  to   be  got  to   be  ascertained  on  ordinary principles   of   commercial   trading   and   accounting. However, the income tax has laid down certain rules to be applied in deciding how the tax should be assessed and even if the result is to tax as profits what cannot be construed as profits, still the requirements of the income tax   must   be   complied   with.   Where   a   deduction   is necessary in order to ascertain the profits and gains, such deductions   should   be   allowed.   Profits   should   be computed   after   deducting   the   expenses   incurred   for business though such expenses may not be admissible expressly   under   the   Act,   unless   such   expenses   are expressly disallowed by the Act [SEE: page 455 of “The Law   and   Practice   of   Income   Tax”   by   Kanga   and Palkhivala].   Therefore,   schematic   interpretation   for making the formula in Section 80HHC workable cannot be   ruled   out.  Similarly,   purposeful   interpretation   of Section 80HHC which has  undergone so many changes cannot be ruled out, particularly, when those legislative changes indicate that the legislature intended to exclude items like commission and interest from deduction on the ground   that   they   did   not   possess   any   element   of “turnover”   even   though   commission   and   interest emanated from exports. We have to read the words “total turnover” in Section 80HHC as part of the formula which sought   to   segregate   the   “export   profits”   from   the “business profits”. Therefore, we have to read the formula in entirety. In that formula the entire business profits is not given deduction. It is  the business profit which is proportionately reduced by the above fraction/ratio of export turnover w total turnover which constitute 80HHC concession (deduction). Income in the nature of “business profits” was, therefore, apportioned. The above formula fixed a ratio in which “business profits” under Section 28 of the Act had to be apportioned. Therefore, one has to give weightage not only to the words “total turnover” but also   to   the   words   “export   turnover”,   “total   export turnover” and “business profits”. That is the reason why we have quoted hereinabove extensively the illustration from the Direct  Taxes (Income tax) Ready Reckoner of the   relevant   word.   In   the  circumstances,   we   cannot interpret the words “total turnover” in the above formula with reference to the definition of the word “turnover” in other   laws   like   Central   Sales   Tax   or   as   defined   in accounting   principles.   Goods  for   export   do   not   incur excise duty liability. As stated above, even commission and interest formed a part of the profit and loss account, however,   they   were   not   eligible  for   deduction  under Section 80HHC. They were not eligible even without the clarification   introduced   by   the   legislature   by   various amendments because they did not involve any element of turnover. Further, in all other provisions of the income tax, profits and gains were required to be computed with reference   to   the   books   of   accounts   of   the   assessee. However, as can be seen from the Income Tax Rules and from the above Form No.10CCAC in the case of deduction under Section 80HHC a report of the auditor certifying deduction based on export turnover was sufficient. This is because  the very basis  for  computing Section 80HHC deduction   was   “business   profits”   as   computed   under Section 28, a portion of which had to be apportioned in terms   of   the   above  ratio   of   export   turnover  to   total turnover. Section 80HHC(3) was a beneficial section. It was intended to provide incentives to promote exports. The incentive was to exempt profits relatable to exports. In the case of combined business of an assessee having export   business   and   domestic  business  the   legislature intended to have a formula to ascertain export profits by apportioning the total business profits on the basis of turnovers.   Apportionment   of   profits   on   the   basis   of turnover was accepted as a method of arriving at export profits. This method earlier existed under Excess Profits Tax   Act,   it   existed   in   the   Business   Profits   Tax   Act. Therefore, just as commission received by an assessee is relatable   to   exports   and   yet   it   cannot   form   part   of “turnover”, excise duty and sales tax also cannot form part of the “turnover”. Similarly, “interest” emanates from exports and yet “interest” does not involve an element of turnover. The object of the legislature in enacting Section 80HHC of the Act was to confer a benefit on profits accruing with reference to export turnover. Therefore, “turnover”   was   the   requirement.   Commission,   rent, interest etc. did not involve any turnover. Therefore, 90% of such commission, interest etc. was excluded from the profits derived from the export. Therefore, even without the   clarification  such  items  did  not  form  part  of   the formula in Section 80HHC(3) for the simple reason that it did not emanate from the “export turnover”, much less any turnover. Even if the assessee was an exclusive dealer in exports, the said commission was not includible as it did   not   spring   from   the   “turnover”.   Just   as   interest, commission etc. did not emanate from the “turnover”, so also excise duty and sales tax did not emanate from such turnover. Since excise duty and sales tax did not involve any   such   turnover,   such   taxes   had   to   be   excluded. Commission, interest, rent etc. do yield profits, but they do   not   partake   of   the   character   of   turnover   and, therefore, they were not includible in the “total turnover”. The   above   discussion  shows   that   income   from   rent, commission etc. cannot be considered as part of business profits and, therefore, they cannot be held as part of the turnover also. In fact, in Civil Appeal No.4409 of 2005, the above proposition has been accepted by the A.O. [See: page no.24 of the paper book], if so, then excise duty and sales tax also cannot form part of the “total turnover”   under   Section   80HHC(3),   otherwise   the formula becomes unworkable. In our view, sales tax and excise duty also do not have any element of “turnover” which   is   the   position   even   in   the   case   of   rent, commission, interest etc. It is important to bear in mind that excise duty and sales tax are indirect taxes. They are recovered by the assessee on behalf of the Government. Therefore,  if   they   are  made  relatable  to   exports,  the formula   under   Section   80HHC   would   become unworkable. The view which we have taken is in the light of amendments made to Section 80HHC from time to time. Even in the subsequent decision in the case of Shiva Tex Yarn Ltd. (Supra), the Hon’ble Supreme Court even with respect to assessment order after section 145A, has followed the decision of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Lakshmi Machine Works (Supra). [4.0] Applying the ratio of law laid down by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Lakshmi Machine Works (Supra) to the facts of the cases on hand, the question raised is held against the Revenue and it is held that the learned Tribunal has not committed any error in holding that the excise duty is excise duty is to be excluded for the purpose of computation of deduction u/s. 80HHC.”

7.0.

Applying ratio laid down by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of  Lakshmi Machine Works (Supra) and Shiva Tex Yarn Ltd. (Supra) as well as recent decision of this Court in Tax Appeal No. 884 of 2006 and other allied appeals, to the facts of the case on hand the question   raised   in   the   present   Tax   Appeal   is   answered   against   the revenue and it is held that the learned Tribunal has not committed any error in holding that the components of sales tax and central excise do not form part of sale proceeds for the purpose of Section 80HHC of the Act despite insertion of Section 145 A of the Act.

8.0.

Under the circumstances, present Tax Appeal deserves to be dismissed and is accordingly dismissed. No costs. ­ (M.R.SHAH, J.) ­ (R.D.KOTHARI, J.) Kaushik

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