COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX vs. ALPANIL INDUSTRIES

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TAXAP/1653/2005HC GujaratGJHC24035047200526 December 2013Author: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE M.R. SHAH,HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE R.P.DHOLARIA8 pages
AI SummaryDismissed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the substantial question of law raised was not res integra and was squarely covered against the Revenue by the decisions of the Supreme Court in Commissioner of Income-Tax vs. Lakshmi Machine Works and Commissioner of Income-Tax vs. Shiva Tex Yarn Ltd. The Court noted that in Lakshmi Machine Works, the Supreme Court observed that for the purpose of Section 80HHC, a schematic interpretation of 'total turnover' is necessary, considering the object of the section to incentivize exports. The Court reasoned that items like commission, interest, and rent, which do not involve an element of turnover, are not includible in 'total turnover' for the purpose of the Section 80HHC formula. Similarly, excise duty and sales tax, being indirect taxes recovered on behalf of the government and not involving any element of turnover, should also be excluded. The Court found that the Revenue's attempt to distinguish the Supreme Court decisions based on Section 145A was unconvincing, especially considering the observations in Lakshmi Machine Works. Therefore, the High Court held that the learned Tribunal had not committed any error in excluding excise duty and sales tax for the purpose of computing deduction under Section 80HHC. The appeal was dismissed.

What were the facts?

The Revenue is aggrieved by the judgment and order dated April 4, 2005, passed by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) for Assessment Year 2000-01. The appeal concerns the calculation of deduction under Section 80HHC. The assessee is Alpanil Industries, and the appellant is the Commissioner of Income Tax. The procedural history involves the ITAT's decision which is now under challenge before the High Court. The amount in dispute is not explicitly stated but pertains to the deduction under Section 80HHC.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the Appellate Tribunal is right in law and on facts in holding that Sales Tax and excise duty cannot be included in working out total turnover for the purpose of Section 80HHC? Assessee's Contention: The judgment does not record any specific contentions made by the assessee. The High Court's decision is based on Supreme Court precedents. Revenue's Contention: The Revenue argued that Sales Tax and excise duty ought to have been included in the 'total turnover' as per the plain meaning of the word and that the legislature had expressly excluded only freight and insurance, not sales tax and excise duty. The Revenue contended that a taxing statute should be interpreted strictly and that sales tax and excise duty form part of the value of the goods. The Revenue relied on the Supreme Court judgment in M/s. Chowringhee Sales Bureau, 'The Law and Practice of Income Tax' by Kanga and Palkhivala, and the King's Bench Division case of Paprika, Ltd., and Another v. Board of Trade. The Revenue initially attempted to distinguish the Supreme Court decisions in Commissioner of Income-Tax vs. Lakshmi Machine Works and Commissioner of Income-Tax vs. Shiva Tex Yarn Ltd. by arguing that Section 145A of the Income Tax Act, 1961, was not considered in those judgments.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 80HHC,Section 145A,Section 28

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
O/TAXAP/1653/2005 JUDGMENT IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD TAX APPEAL  NO. 1653 of 2005 FOR APPROVAL AND SIGNATURE:    HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH ­ sd/­ and HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE R.P.DHOLARIA sd/­  ============================================ 1. Whether   Reporters   of   Local   Papers   may   be  allowed to see the judgment ? NO 2. To be referred to the Reporter or not ? NO 3. Whether their Lordships wish to see the fair copy  of the judgment ? NO 4. Whether this case involves a substantial question  of law as to the interpretation of the constitution  of India, 1950 or any order made thereunder ? NO 5. Whether it is to be circulated to the civil judge ? NO ============================================= COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX....Appellant(s) Versus ALPANIL INDUSTRIES....Opponent(s) ============================================= Appearance: MR.VARUN K.PATEL, ADVOCATE for the Appellant(s) No. 1 RULE UNSERVED for the Opponent(s) No. 1 ============================================= CORAM: HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH and HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE R.P.DHOLARIA  Date : 26/12/2013

ORAL JUDGMENT (PER : HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH)

1.0.

Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with impugned judgment and order dated 4.4.2005 passed by the learned Income Tax Appellate Tribunal   (hereinafter   referred   to   the   as   “ITAT”)   in   ITA No.3937/AHD/2004 for AY 2000­01, the revenue has preferred present Tax Appeal.

2.0.

At the outset it is required to be noted that in all these tax appeals, the only following substantial question of law is framed/raised. “Whether the Appellate Tribunal is right in law  and on facts in holding that Sales Tax and excise duty cannot be included in working out total turnover for the purpose of Section  80HHC ?”

3.0.

Having   heard   Shri   Varun   K.   Patel,   learned   counsel appearing   on   behalf   of   the   Revenue,   it   appears   that   the   aforesaid substantial   question   of   law   framed   is   now   not  res   integra  and   the aforesaid substantial question of law is held against the Revenue by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Commissioner of Income­Tax vs. Lakshmi Machine Works reported in 290 ITR 667 [paras 16 to 18] and the decision of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Commissioner 145A of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (hereinafter referred to as “the Act”) has not been considered and dealt with.  However, considering the fact that as such there is no amendment in section 80HHC of the Act and considering the observations made by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in paras 16 to 18 in the case of Lakshmi Machine Works (Supra), Shri Varun K. Patel, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the Revenue is not in a position to satisfy the Court as to how the decisions of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the cases of Lakshmi Machine Works (Supra) and Shiva Tex Yarn Ltd. (Supra) would not be applicable to the facts of the case on hand.

3.

2 Having   heard   Shri   Varun   K.   Patel,   learned   counsel appearing on behalf of the Revenue and the substantial question of law raised,   referred   to   hereinabove,   and   the   decisions   of   the   Hon’ble Supreme Court in the cases of Lakshmi Machine Works (Supra) and Shiva Tex Yarn Ltd. (Supra), we are of the opinion that the substantial question of law raised in the present tax appeals is now not res integra and the same is squarely covered against the Revenue by the decisions of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the cases of Lakshmi Machine Works (Supra) and Shiva Tex Yarn Ltd. (Supra). In paras 16 to 18 in the case of Lakshmi   Machine   Works   (Supra),   the   Hon’ble   Supreme   Court   has observed and held as under:

“16. The principal reason for enacting the above formula was to disallow a part of 80HHC concession when the entire deduction claimed could not be regarded as relatable to exports. Therefore, while interpreting the words "total turnover" in the above formula in Section 80HHC one has to give a schematic interpretation to that expression.  There is one more reason for giving   schematic   interpretation.     The   various   amendments   to Section   80HHC   show   that   receipts   by   way   of   brokerage, commission, interest, rent etc. do not form part of business profits as they have no nexus with the activity of exports.  If interest or rent was not regarded by the legislature as business profits, the question of treating the same as part of the total turnover in the above formula did not arise.  In fact, Section 80 HHC had to be amended several times since the formula on several occasions gave   a   distorted   figure   of   export   profits   when   receipts   like interest, rent, commission etc. which did not have the element of turnover   got   included   in   the   profit   and   loss   account   and consequently became entitled to deduction.  This was clarified by the   above   amendment   to   Section   80HHC   commencing   from 1.4. 92. The   said   amendment   made   it   clear   that   though commission and interest emanated from exports, they did not involve any element of turnover and merely for the reason that commission, interest, rent etc. were included in the profit and loss account, they did not become eligible to deduction.  We have to give purposeful interpretation to the above section.   The said section is entirely based on the formula.  The amendments from time to time indicate that they became necessary in order to make the formula workable.  Hence, we have to give schematic interpretation to Section 80HHC of the Act. 17.Shri P.P. Malhotra, leaned senior counsel appearing for the Department (appellant), submitted that one has to give plain and unambiguous   meaning   to   the   word   "turnover"   in   the   above formula;   that   there   was   no   need   to   call   for   any   rule   of interpretation or external aid to interpret the said word; that having regard to the plain words of the section, excise duty and sales tax ought to have been included in the "total turnover". Learned counsel submitted that the word "turnover" even in the ordinary   sense  would   include  the  above  two  items.    Learned counsel urged that the formula should be read strictly.  In this connection,   he   pointed   out   that   the   legislature   had   expressly excluded items of freight and insurance and not sales tax and excise duty from the said definition.   It was urged that while construing a taxing statute strict interpretation should be given by the Courts.  It was urged that the definition of the words "total turnover" did not include freight/insurance.  He urged that since the legislature had excluded only insurance and freight, it was not open to the courts to exclude excise duty and sales tax from the concept of "total turnover" in the said formula.  He contended that the word "turnover" referred to the aggregate amount for which the goods were sold and since sales tax and excise duty formed part of the value of the goods, the said two items were includible in the definition of the words "total turnover".  In this connection, learned counsel placed reliance on the judgment of the Supreme Court in the case of M/s. Chowringhee Sales Bureau (supra).  Reliance was also placed on "The Law and Practice of Income Tax" by Kanga and Palkhivala (eighth edition) at page

123.

In support of the contention that a tax or duty is part of the dealer's   trading/business   receipts,   even   if   the   tax   or   duty   is charged separately or credited to a separate account.   Reliance was also placed on the judgment of the King's Bench Division in the case of Paprika, Ltd., and Another   v.   Board of Trade ­ (1944)1 All E.R. 372, in which it has been held that wherever a sale attracts purchase tax, that tax affects the price which the seller who is liable to pay the tax demands, but it does not cease to be the price which the buyer has to pay even if the price is expressed as cost x + purchase tax. Reliance was also placed on the judgment  of the Court of Appeal in the case of Love   v. Norman Wright (Builders), Ltd. # (1944) 1 All E.R. 618, in which it has been held that if a seller quotes a price of 'x' + purchase tax, the buyer has to pay the amount of the tax as part of the price and since the tax is charged on the wholesale value of the goods the tax element has to be taken into account.  It was urged   that   one   has   to   give   strict   interpretation  to   the  word "turnover".   It was urged that there was no question of giving purposeful   interpretation   to   the   word   "turnover"   in   the   said Section 80HHC of the Act. It was urged that the legislature had used the expression "total turnover" from which it became clear that the said expression referred to the aggregate amount for which the goods were sold and since the above two items formed part of the value of the goods, they were includible in the "total turnover".  Learned counsel urged that there was no merit in the contention advanced on behalf of the assessee that excise duty was the liability of the assessee to the Government and, therefore, it was not includible in the total turnover.  Learned counsel urged that there was no merit in the contention advanced on behalf of the assessee that the components of "export turnover" and "total turnover" should be the same in the above formula.   Learned counsel submitted that the formula would become unworkable if the components in the "export turnover" and the components in the "total turnover" are the same.   Learned counsel submitted that there was no merit in the argument advanced on behalf of the assessee that excise duty and sales tax did not form part of trading receipts.   Learned counsel submitted that there was no merit   in   the   contention   of   the   assessee   that   the   expression "business   profits"   in   Section   80HHC   did   not   include   receipts which did not emanate for exports and, therefore, such receipts did not constitute an element of turnover.

18.

We do not find  any merit in the above contentions advanced on behalf of the Department.  It is important to note that tax under the Act is upon income, profits and gains.  It is not a tax on gross receipts.  Under Section 2(24) of the Act the word "income" includes profits and gains.  The charge is not on gross receipts but on profits and gains.   The charge is not on gross receipts   but   on   profits   and   gains   properly   so­called.     Gross receipts or sale proceeds, however, include profits.  According to "The Law and Practice of Income Tax" by Kanga and Palkhivala, the word "profits" in Section 28 should be understood in normal and proper sense.  However, subject to special requirements of the income tax, profits have got to be assessed provided they are real profits.  Such profits have to be got to be ascertained on ordinary principles of commercial trading and accounting.  However, the income tax has laid down certain rules to be applied in deciding how the tax should be assessed and even if the result is to tax as profits what cannot be construed as profits, still the requirements of the income tax must be complied with.  Where a deduction is necessary   in   order   to   ascertain   the   profits   and   gains,   such deductions should be allowed.  Profits should be computed after deducting   the   expenses   incurred   for   business   though   such expenses may not be admissible expressly under the Act, unless such expenses are expressly disallowed by the Act [SEE: page 455 of   "The   Law   and   Practice   of   Income   Tax"   by   Kanga   and Palkhivala].  Therefore, schematic interpretation for making the formula   in   Section   80HHC   workable   cannot   be   ruled   out. Similarly, purposeful interpretation of Section 80HHC which has undergone so many changes cannot be ruled out, particularly, when   those   legislative   changes   indicate   that   the   legislature intended   to   exclude   items   like   commission   and   interest   from deduction on the ground that they did not possess any element of "turnover" even though commission and interest emanated from exports.  We have to read the words "total turnover" in Section 80HHC as part of the formula which sought to segregate the "export profits" from the "business profits".  Therefore, we have to read the formula in entirety.  In that formula the entire business profits is not given deduction.  It is the business profit which is proportionately  reduced  by the above  fraction/ratio  of export turnover w total turnover which constitute 80HHC concession (deduction).    Income  in the nature  of "business  profits"  was, therefore, apportioned.  The above formula fixed a ratio in which "business   profits"   under   Section   28   of   the   Act   had   to   be apportioned.  Therefore, one has to give weightage not only to the words "total turnover" but also to the words "export turnover", "total export turnover" and "business profits".  That is the reason why we have quoted hereinabove extensively the illustration from the Direct Taxes (Income tax) Ready Reckoner of the relevant word.  In the circumstances, we cannot interpret the words "total turnover" in the above formula with reference to the definition of the word "turnover" in other laws like Central Sales Tax or as defined in accounting principles.  Goods for export do not incur excise   duty   liability.     As   stated   above,   even   commission   and interest formed a part of the profit and loss account, however, they were not eligible for deduction under Section 80HHC.  They were not eligible even without the clarification introduced by the legislature by various amendments because they did not involve any element of turnover.  Further, in all other provisions of the income tax, profits and gains were required to be computed with reference to the books of accounts of the assessee.  However, as can be seen from the Income Tax Rules and from the above Form No.10CCAC  in the case of deduction under Section 80HHC a report   of   the   auditor   certifying   deduction   based   on   export turnover   was   sufficient.     This   is   because   the   very   basis   for computing Section 80HHC deduction was "business profits" as computed   under   Section   28,   a   portion   of   which   had   to   be apportioned in terms of the above ratio of export turnover to total turnover.   Section 80HHC(3) was a beneficial section.   It was   intended   to  provide   incentives   to   promote   exports.     The incentive was to exempt profits relatable to exports.  In the case of combined business of an assessee having export business and domestic business the legislature intended to have a formula to ascertain export profits by apportioning the total business profits on the basis of turnovers.  Apportionment of profits on the basis of   turnover  was   accepted   as   a  method  of   arriving   at   export profits.  This method earlier existed under Excess Profits Tax Act, it existed in the Business  Profits Tax Act.   Therefore,  just as commission received by an assessee is relatable to exports and yet it cannot form part of "turnover", excise duty and sales tax also cannot form part of the "turnover". Similarly, "interest" emanates from exports and yet "interest" does not involve an element of turnover.  The object of the legislature in enacting Section 80HHC of   the   Act   was   to   confer   a   benefit   on   profits   accruing   with reference   to   export   turnover.     Therefore,   "turnover"   was   the requirement.  Commission, rent, interest etc. did not involve any turnover.  Therefore, 90% of such commission, interest etc. was excluded from the profits derived from the export.   Therefore, even without the clarification such items did not form part of the formula in Section 80HHC(3) for the simple reason that it did not emanate from the "export turnover", much less any turnover. Even if the assessee was an exclusive dealer in exports, the said commission  was  not includible as it did not spring  from  the "turnover".   Just as interest, commission etc. did not emanate from the "turnover", so also excise duty and sales tax did not emanate from such turnover.  Since excise duty and sales tax did not involve any such turnover, such taxes had to be excluded. Commission, interest, rent etc. do yield profits, but they do not partake of the character of turnover and, therefore, they were not includible in the "total turnover".   The above discussion shows that income from rent, commission etc. cannot be considered as part of business profits and, therefore, they cannot be held as part of the turnover also.   In fact, in Civil Appeal No.4409 of 2005, the above proposition has been accepted by the A.O. [See: page no.24 of the paper book], if so, then excise duty and sales tax also cannot form part of the "total turnover" under Section 80HHC(3), otherwise the formula becomes unworkable.  In our view, sales tax and excise duty also do not have any element of "turnover"   which   is   the   position   even   in   the   case   of   rent, commission, interest etc.   It is important to bear in mind that excise duty and sales tax are indirect taxes.  They are recovered by the assessee on behalf of the Government.  Therefore, if they are made relatable to exports, the formula under Section 80HHC would become unworkable.  The view which we have taken is in the light of amendments made to Section 80HHC from time to time.

3.3.

Even in the subsequent decision in the case of Shiva Tex Yarn Ltd.  (Supra), the Hon’ble Supreme Court even with respect to assessment order after section 145A, has followed the decision of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Lakshmi Machine Works (Supra). 4. 0. Applying the ratio of law laid down by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Lakshmi Machine Works (Supra) to the facts of the cases on hand, the question  raised is held against the Revenue and it is held that the learned Tribunal has not committed any error in holding that the excise duty is excise duty is to be excluded for the purpose of computation of deduction u/s. 80HHC.

5.

0 Under   the   circumstances,   Tax   Appeal   deserves   to   be dismissed and is, accordingly, dismissed.  No cost. ­ (M.R.SHAH, J.) ­ (R.P.DHOLARIA,J.) Kaushik

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