COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX vs. NAMAN ASSOCIATES

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TAXAP/1180/2006HC GujaratGJHC24053269200624 July 2020Author: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE J.B.PARDIWALA,HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE BHARGAV D. KARIA37 pages
AI SummaryDismissed

What did the High Court hold?

The High Court held that the Tribunal had arrived at findings of fact after considering the material evidence on record. Regarding the undisclosed interest income, the Tribunal's decision to delete the addition was based on the factual aspect that sale bills were issued, payments were made by cheque, and such transactions were reflected in the books of accounts. The Court agreed with the Tribunal that in a block assessment, only undisclosed income found from seized material can be added. Since the assessee had already disclosed the losses by making necessary entries in the books of accounts, the AO and CIT(A) were not justified in disallowing the 'contrived losses'. The Court found no merit in the appeal, answering the questions of law in favour of the assessee and against the Revenue. The appeal was dismissed.

What were the facts?

The Revenue has appealed against an order of the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) dated February 28, 2006, concerning a block assessment for the period April 1, 1995, to September 27, 2001. The assessee, Naman Associates, is an entity within the Nirma Group. A search in 2001 led to the discovery of investment details in Ashima Synthetics Limited shares, totaling Rs. 3.29 Crore, made by five Nirma Group entities, including the assessee. The Assessing Officer (AO) noted that equivalent investments in Nirma Ltd. shares were made concurrently. Further analysis of seized documents indicated that these transactions were not mere investments but involved calculated 'sharafi' interest settled across entities. The AO also identified the booking of 'contrived losses' through transactions between associate entities, with no physical delivery of shares occurring for over a year after booking these losses. The AO disallowed losses amounting to Rs. 2,97,27,995/-, including Rs. 6,07,214/- as undisclosed interest income attributable to the assessee.

What were the issues?

1. Whether the Appellate Tribunal was correct in law and on facts in deleting the addition of undisclosed interest income of the assessee in proportion to the investment in shares of Ashima Synthetics Ltd. (Section 158BD r.w.s. 158BC of the Income Tax Act, 1961)? Assessee's Contention: The assessee argued that the transactions were genuine investments, supported by sale bills from brokers, cheque payments, and delivery of shares. The losses were disclosed in the return of income and accounted for in the books. The extinguishment of rights in shares resulted in a transfer, and the Tribunal rightly deleted the disallowance of contrived losses. Revenue's Contention: The Revenue challenged the deletion of undisclosed interest income and the disallowance of contrived losses. The AO's findings were based on seized documents suggesting that the transactions were not pure investments and involved calculated interest. The Revenue also contended that the booking of losses was contrived, as no physical delivery of shares occurred for an extended period, and the transactions were not genuine transfers.

Which sections of the Income-tax Act were involved?

Section 2(47),Section 158BC,Section 158BD,Section 260A

AI-generated summary — verify with the full judgment below

Cause title — parties, addresses and appearances
C/TAXAP/1180/2006 CAV JUDGMENT IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD R/TAX APPEAL NO. 1180 of 2006 FOR APPROVAL AND SIGNATURE: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE J.B.PARDIWALA and HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE BHARGAV D. KARIA ========================================================== 1 Whether Reporters of Local Papers may be allowed to see the judgment ? 2 To be referred to the Reporter or not ? 3 Whether their Lordships wish to see the fair copy of the judgment ? 4 Whether this case involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the Constitution of India or any order made thereunder ? ========================================================== COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX Versus NAMAN ASSOCIATES ========================================================== Appearance: MR MR BHATT, SENIOR COUNSEL with MRS MAUNA M BHATT(174) for the Appellant(s) No. 1 MR SN SOPARKAR, SENIOR COUNSEL with MR BS SOPARKAR with MRS SWATI SOPARKAR(870) for the Opponent(s) No. 1 ========================================================== CORAM: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE J.B.PARDIWALA and HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE BHARGAV D. KARIA Date : 24/07/2020

CAV JUDGMENT (PER : HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE BHARGAV D. KARIA)

1.

The following questions of law are admitted as substantial question of law for consideration of this Court by order dated 17th April 2007, which reads thus :­ “Heard learned counsel for the appellant. The appeal is admitted in terms of the following questions:­ “(A) Whether the Appellate Tribunal was right in law and on facts in deleting the addition of undisclosed interest income of the assessee in the proportion   of   investment   in   shares   of   Ashima Synthetics Ltd.? (B) Whether the Appellate Tribunal was right in law and on facts in holding that disallowance of   losses   treating   them   to   be   contrived   losses cannot   be   disallowed   in   block   assessment proceedings?” Issue notice to the other side.  Paper book be filed within 3 months. List the appeal for final hearing after 3 months.”

2.

The short facts of the case are as under:­ 2.1 By   this   appeal   under   section   260A   of   the   Income   Tax Act,1961, (for short “the Act,1961”) the revenue has challenged the order dated 28th  February 2006 passed by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal,   Ahmedabad   Bench   B   in   appeal   being   IT   (SS)   A. No.22/Ahd/2005 against  block assessment order for the period from 1st April 1995 to 27th  September 2001 passed under section 158BD r.w.s. 158BC of the Act,1961.

2.

2 A   search   was   carried   out   in   the   year   2001   on   27th September 2001 at office premises of the company Nirma Limited and office premises of  associate companies of Nirma Management Services Pvt.   Ltd  of     Nirma   Group.     The   respondent   assessee   is   one   of   the associate entities of the Nirma Group of cases.

2.

3 Notice under Section 158BD read with Section 158BC of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (for short “the Act, 1961”) was issued on 30th September 2002 for the block period showing undisclosed income of Rs. Nil as under :­ “2. The return of income for the block period was filed on 28­10­ 2002. Showing undisclosed income of Rs. Nil as under:­ Sr. No. Assessment Year Total income including undisclosed

income u/s. 158BB Returned/ Assessed as   on   the   date   of search/requisition 1. 1996­97 3819390 3819390 2. 1997­98 2661250 2661250 3. 1998­99 Nil Nil 4. 1999­00 Nil Nil 5. 200­01 1485850 1485850 6. 1­4­01 to 27­9­01 Nil Nil

Total undisclosed income for the block period Rs. Nil.” 2.4 The Assessing Officer, considering the common control of Shri   K.K.   Patel,   Managing   Director   of   M/s   Nirma   Limited   over   the transactions of its associate entities noted that during the course of search in Nirma Group of cases, in page­1 of worksheet of the file “Ashima xls” in floppy disk 2­2A  seized from the residence of Shri Rahul Devi,   erstwhile   DGM   Finance   of   the   Nirma   Ltd,   wherein   details   of purchases of shares of Ashima Syntex Limited were noted.   The total investment made in  shares of Ashima Syntex Limited was Rs.3.29 Crore. It was noted by the Assessing Officer that on perusal of the worksheet that on the very specific dates on which investment in shares of Ashima Syntex Ltd. were made, equivalent investment in shares of Nirma Ltd. were also made.  Therefore, the total purchases made of shares of Nirma Ltd. were also of Rs.3.29 Crore.

2.

5 During the course of assessment proceedings of the Nirma Ltd., on 15th October 2003, it was noted that 5 entities of Nirma Group of   cases,   which   are   Nirchem   Associates,   Navin   Associates,   Neo Associates,   Naman   Associates   and   Nirman   Associates   have   made investment of Rs.3.29 Crore in the shares of Ashima Syntex as noted in the worksheet in the seized floppy disk.   According to the Assessing Officer investment of Rs.3.29 Crore in shares of Nirma Ltd. as noted in the seized floppy were all material transactions in these investments made by the Company Ashima Syntex Ltd.

2.

6 It was further found from the page nos.1 and 2 of the worksheet­1 of file named ‘NIR Ashima’ in Floppy disk 2­2A, that  the interest was calculated showing that the transactions were not in the nature of pure investments decisions but on these counter investments sharafi interest was calculated and the same was settled across entities. 2.7 The Assessing Officer further found that letter dated 24th January 2003 written to Ashima Syntex Ltd. under the signatures of Shri Rahul Devi for settlement of interest for mutual co­related investment made by the different entities, a demand for payment of Rs.3.11 lacs from the company Ashima Syntex Ltd. was made. The Assessing Officer therefore, issued notice to the respondent assessee and after considering the   submissions   of   the   assessee,   he   calculated   interest   income   of Rs.30,11,500/­ as per the seized paper, which was due to five entities including   the   respondent   assessee   and   thereafter   apportioned   it   on proportionate basis and as per such apportionment, the interest income attributable to the assessee amounting to Rs.6,07,214/­ was considered as not disclosed in any of the returns filed by the respondent assessee during the block period and addition was made for such income in the total income of the assessee.

2.

8 The Assessing Officer during the course of the assessment and scrutiny of the loose papers, files and floppies, books of accounts, shares and other documents found during the course of search from the residence of Rahul Devi erstwhile DGM Finance of the Nirma Ltd., found that there was booking of contrived losses due to transactions between associate   entities   within   the   Nirma   Group   which   were   done   as   per direction and control of Shri Rahul Devi by buying and selling entities.

2.

9 It was found by the Assessing Officer that these losses were booked and claimed in the returns of income filed for the block period; however, no delivery of the physical shares was effected after more than a year of booking of the losses till the date of search i.e. 27th September 2001. The Assessing Officer after referring to the Annexure­A, seized from the premises of Nirma Managmenet Service Pvt. Ltd., pertaining to seizure of shares and debentures as documentary evidence establishing that without actual transfer of shares and debentures individual and associate entities of Nirma Group of cases have claimed capital losses and it was further found that after a lapse of two years from the date of booking of these losses no entries were made in the memorandum of transfer of the shares.

2.

10 The   Assessing   Officer   after   elaborately   analyzing   the evidence with regard to the contrived nature of losses, issued show cause notice to the respondent assessee and considering the reply, losses claimed in the return of income pertaining to shares of 12 companies amounting to Rs.2,97,27,995/­ was disallowed.

2.

11 The   assessee   being   aggrieved   and   dissatisfied   with   the assessment   order,   preferred   appeal   before   the   CIT(A).     The   CIT(A) confirmed the order of Assessing Officer by observing as under :­ And para­2.7.5 on page 74 to 2.7.6 page 76. “2.6.5 I have carefully considered the facts and the submissions made and do not find the arguments   given   to   be   acceptable   for   the following reasons: (i) This letter cannot be treated to be a mere draft only because it is addressed to the company for kind attention of Mr. Rajiv Shah who was their advisor. The A. O. has reported in appeal proceedings vide letter dtd. 18­11­04 that ­ "In the matter of confidential letter written by Shri Rahul Dev to Rajiv Shah of Ashima Syntex Ltd. based on which Rs. 30,11,703/­ has been added as undisclosed  income  on proportionate basis in the hand of five persons, the submission of assessee that this was only a draft letter which have   been   found   in   this   folder,   which   was prepared  by Shri  Rahul  Devi  in   his computer were final formats of the letters. This is proved from the fact that many letters, in the physical form, which have been found and died during the search   were   exactly   tailying   from   the   letter prepared in the computerized folder RVD­1, RVD­ 11, dmat^1, NASIM^1, etc" (ii) Although there is no mention of the subject in the letter, but the contents are clear and mere absence of a subject will not wash away these contents. (iii) The   reference   of   Rs.   30,52,400/­   of payment   made   on   6­10­1995   is   perhaps   not reflected in the other pages because obviously the amount   refers   to   communication   of   Ashima Syntex Ltd. to Nirma Group and not Shri Rahul Devi   who   in   fact   says   that   interest   should computer at Rs.34,68,499/­ instead. (iv) It   was   for   the   appellant   to   explain   the contents   of   the   documents   found   in   the   CD obtained from an office of the group i.e. DGM Finance   residence   and   pertaining   to   its transactions,   instead   of   the   A.   O.   having   to establish the same. (v) There is no doubt that on verification from Ashima Syntex Ltd., the cross investment of Rs. 3.29,51,999)­ by Nirma Group is admitted for which   a   payment   of   Rs.30.11,500/­   has   been made   austensibly   under   the   head   brokerage which fact stands revealed now that it was hot brokerage. This is proved by the Ashima Syntex Ltd,   not   having   raised   any   ground   of   appeal against the disallowance of the alleged brokerage payment to "Neo Soaps & Detergent P. Ltd.” and “Niman Associates” totalling to Rs. 30,11,500/­. They have admitted as much in their letter dtd. 29­10­2003 to the A. O. 2.6.6 The appellant had made an investment of Rs. 66.47 lacs in the shares of Ashima Syntex Ltd. and accordingly proportionate interest of the sum of Rs. 30,11,500/­ paid by Ashima Syntex Ltd. was   towards   such   investment   which   receivable amount has not been shown in the I. T. Return by the appellant. Therefore, addition made by the A. O. is found to be justified and the same is upheld and ground of appeal No.6 is rejected.” 2.7.5  I have carefully considered the facts of the case and the submissions made and I do not find substance   in   the   arguments   advanced   for   the following reasons : (i) I   find   that   there   is   no   contemporary evidence that there was any genuine transaction of   sale   of   shares   in   as   much   as   none   of   the brokers   through   whom   shares   were   allegedly sold, received delivery of shares from the seller to hand over the same to the purchaser. No evidence has   been   given   of   such   a   transaction   by   the appellant. (ii)

Therefore,   the   allegation   that   the purchaser   was   required   to   get   the   change   of names   made   at   its   own   level   does   not   carry weight   because   the   genuine   transaction   of delivery to the broker has not taken place. (iii) The appellant has also not been able to deny the facts given by the A.O. regarding Shri Rahul Devi's having a clear hand planning these financial   transactions   without   any   written directions   from the members of the appellant. Therefore, sequence of events at related by the A. O. clearly shows that the losses claimed do not pertain   to   any   genuine   transactions   but   were only contrived. (iv) It   is   at   the   same   time   clear   that   the evidences submitted by appellant of postal return of letters sent to different companies for change of registration, or actual registration of shares in the purchaser's name are only subsequent to the search. (v) Also the letter issued by Jethiben K. Patel Discretionary Family Trust to Naman Associates, directly   certifying   to   the   physical   receipt   of shares, is not the procedure which is normally followed   by   any   broker  of   shares,   as   physical delivery is given by the seller of the shares to the broker of shares, as physical delivery is given by the seller of the shares to the broker who then delivers it to the purchaser. Here it is apparent that the planning has been done in a manner that entities of this group have purchased and sold shares from each other without following the normal channels of physical delivery of shares. vi) There is also no contemporary evidences of directions by members of the AOP for making such  sales  which  are  obviously  being  done   by Rahul Devi who was holdng the post of DGM Finance in "Nirma Limited". The detailed explanation given does not change the fact that there is absence of contemporary evidences to witness any directions given for sale of shares. The disallowance made by the AO. is therefore, found to be justified and is accordingly sustained. 2.7. 6. This ground of appeal is thus rejected.”

2.

12 The assessee therefore, being aggrieved by the order passed by the CIT(A) filed Second Appeal before the Tribunal along with other associated concerns.  The Tribunal by common order dated 28th February 2006 passed in IT (SS) A Nos.21 to 30/Ahd/2005 and IT(SS) A Nos.64 to 67/Ahd/2005 disposed of all the appeals filed by the assessee.

2.

13 With   regard   to   issue   of   addition   in   respect   of   treating interest amount in respect of Ashim Syntex Ltd., as undisclosed income, the Tribunal has held as under :­ “31. Next   Ground   raised   against upholding   following   additions   in   respective appeals   as   undisclosed   income   on   assumption, presumption   and   without   any   corroborative evidence   in   respect   of   Ashima   Syntex   Ltd. transaction as under :­ 22/Ahd/2005 : Rs.6,07,214/­ 23/Ahd/2005 : Rs.5,91,594/­ 27/Ahd/2005 : Rs.6,03,013/­ 28/Ahd/2005 : Rs.5,95,430/­

32.

Brief facts are ­ during the course of search at the residence of Shri Rahul Devi, from the seized floppy a letter dated 24/01/98 alleged to have been written by him to Ashima Syntex Ltd. for attention of their CA. Rajiv Shah and some interest   calculation   sheets   were   found.   Copy placed at Page No 29 to 32 of the PB in case of Nirchem   Associates   ITA   No.28/Ahd/2005,   AO, held that from the perusal of the papers it is obvious that the cross investments were made by Nirma  Group  &  Ashima  Group  in  shares  and NCDs and sharafi interest was calculated by Shri Rahul V. Devi as receivable at Rs.30,11,703/­ by the Nirma Group. A., made an inquiry requiring information   from   Ashima   Syntex   Ltd.,   u/s. 133(6)   of   the   Income   Tax   Act,   wherein   they informed   that   Shri   Rajiv   Shah   (to   whom   the letter is alleged to have been written) has left the Company since last three years and the details are   not   available.   It   further   stated   as   under. Moreover, they were able to lay our hands on the entries for two debit notes issued by Nirma Group of Companies. The said debit notes are around the   same   period.   The   papers   which   was communicated   speaks   about   settlement   of   net amount of Rs 30.11,703/­.  But the debit notes referable to that papers are for Rs.30,11,500/­, The said debit notes are debited in our books of accounts under Brokerage Account. Also, it may kindly be noted that a sum of Rs.61.75 lacs are disallowed and addes back in the computation of our total come out of brokerage expenses and the said sum of Rs.61.75 lacs includes the amount of debit   notes   issued   for   brokerage   for   Rs 30.11.500/­ Copy of account was enclosed.  They have not undertaken any cash transaction with Nirma Group of companies at any point of time. All   the   transactions   have   been   carried   out through account payee cheques the transactions, the details of which are given in the debit notes are   the   only   mansactions   with   the   aforesaid companies.   The   copy   of   the   account   from   the hooks of Ashima Syntex Ltd. reflected that the brokerage for atanging NCDS for them, totaling to Rs.30,11,500 /­ as per the following details have been paid. 13/07/98 ­ Neo Soaps & Detergents Pvt. Ltd. ­ 5,11,500/­ 13/07/98 ­ Nirman Soaps & Detergents Pvt. Ltd ­  25,00,000/­ A.O. considered the amount of Rs 30,11,7038­as undisclosed interest income of the assessee in the proportion   of   investment   in   shares   of   Ashima Syntex Ltd by the five entities and the same was confirmed by CIT(A).

33.

Learned counsel for the assessee contends as under: (i) The note dated 24/01/98, which is alleged to be a letter written by Shri Rahul V. Devi to Ashima Syntex Ltd is a draft and the content of the note self proves the same. The draft does not suggest   the   entity   from   whom   and   where   the letter   is   written.   It   does   not   state   normal salutation like Dear Sir/Madam etc. nor does it states reference or subject which is common for such correspondence. Even on appellant's inquiry with the officials of Ashima Syntex Ltd., it was stated that as per their record, they do not seem to have received any such communication. (ii) The   para­wise   comments   on   the   draft letter,   as   submitted   to   CITA)   in   appellate proceedings is as under: Para 1 speaks about amount of payment made on   06.10.95   at   Rs.30,52,400/­   (this   is   not reflected as payment in any of the other papers referred to). Para 2 refers to ‘correct amount at Rs.34,68,499 balancing figure to tally total investment.’   The said figure of Rs.34,68,499­ in any way does not tally   or   reflect   in   the   total   investment   of Rs.3,29,51,999/­, the details of Ashima shares purchased   (as   referred   to   in   Annexure   B1   & B2/1, page 29 & 30 of the paper book). Para   3   refers   to   an   interest   differential   of Rs.16,81,753/­ which is nowhere reflected in the other pages. Annexure B­2/1 refers to net interest to be received Rs.1,84,425/­. Para   4   refers   to   interest   at   Rs.14,15,593/­ logically   appears   to   be   difference   between   the amounts in para 3 and para 4, where it is stated that net amount as on 18.12.97 has been worked at Rs 30,11,703/­. Neither the date 18.12.97 nor the amount in any way tallies with the other pages. After para­4, in bold letters it is stated that the set   amount   receivable   on   27/01/98   is Rs.30,90,915/­   after   adding   interest   on Rs.30,11,703/­ from 19/12/97. A.O. has totally relied   on   the   words   amount   receivable Rs.30,11,703/­ and has co­related the same with the receipt of Rs.30,11,500/­ by Neon Soaps & Detergents   Pvt.   Ltd.,   and   Nirman   Soaps   & Detergents Pvt Ltd., which has been accounted on 25/03/98 by the respective assesses. Going by the same logic the amount which was at Rs.30,11,703/­

on 18/12/97

and Rs.30,90,915/­   on   27/01/98   would   be   about Rs.32,06,650/­ on 25/03/98. But the amount accounted by Neo Soaps & Detergents Pvt Lid. and   Nirman   Soaps   &   Detergents   Pvt.   Lid. amounted   to   Rs.30,11,500/­   on   25/03/98, which   clearly   establishes   that   the   letter   dated 24/01/98 to Ashima Symex Ltd. alleged to have been written By Shri Rahul V. Devi was a draft only. Without prejudice, in alternate  it is submitted that when the Acts of the line opinion that Rs 30,11,703/­ written in (draft) letter and receipt of   Rs.30,11,500/­   by   Neo   Soaps   &   Detergents Pvt. Ltd. and Nirman Soaps & Detergents Pvt. Ltd., are same, the said income has been offered by respective assesses in their assessments and the tax has been paid there and if they are different amount then there is no case of income.   So in any case, there is no ease of undisclosed income. Examining other seized papers, viz. Annexure­B1, B2/1,   B2/2,   where   investment   and   interest calculations   are   reflected,   it   evident   that Annexure­B1 refers to the specific dates on which investment in shares of Ashima Syntex Ltd., were made   and   the   dates   on   which   investment   in shares of Nina were made. Number of days to 22/02/96 has been calculated and the products (Amount of investment X number of days up to 22/02/96) has been calculated. Annexure­B2/1 is   an   interest   calculation   on   product   and Ashima's investment where the net interest to be received Rs.1,84,425/­ has been calculated.  A.O. has   considered   interest   of   Rs.30,11,703/­   as undisclosed   income,   whereas   the   interest calculation sheet relied upon by the A.O. only refers to the net interest of Rs.1,84,425/­ and therefore,   there   is   no   question   of   considering Rs.30,11,703/­ as undisclosed income. (iii) Presumption u/s. 132(4A) is not available to Ld. A. O. as the print outs taken from the floppy seized from the residence of Shri Rahul V. Devi and annexed to assessment order are not part   of   the   satisfaction   recorded.     The   papers referred have neither been found nor seized from the possession or control of your assessee.   The floppy   seized   is   too   general   an   evidence   and specifically the same have not been referred to in the satisfaction recorded. Assuming   such   interest   on   notional   basis   on assumption   conjecture   and   surmises   definitely traveling much beyond the scope of Income Tax Act   and   the   addition   made   by   Ld.   A.O.   and confirmed by CIT(A) needs to be deleted.

34.

Learned DR, on the other hand, supported order of lower authorities and contends that the transaction in shares of Ashima Syntex Ltd., have been admitted and some of the letters contained in the seized floppy were also found in physical form and therefore the letter dated 24/01/98 to Ashima Syntex Ltd. in which it is stated that the net interest receivable is Rs.30,11,703/­ is not a draft letter. The calculations related to Annexure­ B1   Page­29   of  Assessee's   Paper   Book  which  is Page­55   of   Department   Paper   Book   and   in Annexure­B2/1 Page­30 of Assessec's Paper Book and   Page­57   of   Department   Paper   Book   are representing different transactions.

35.

Learned counsel for the assessee in reply contended as under: (i) Ld. DR has made general mark that some of the letters contained in the seized floppy were also found n physical form to justify that the draft note dated 24.01.98 was in fact a letter issued   to   Ashima   Syntex   Ltd.,   without specifically­mentioning which letters contained in the floppy were fined in physical form. Neither AO nor CIT(A) has held the letter to be not a draft   letter   on   the   basis   of   the   argument propounded by Ld. DR which has been raised for the last time before Hon'ble Tribunal and has no merits therein. The appellant, in their submissions to AO and CIT(A),   which   have   been   summarized hereinabove, clearly furnished the reasons on the basis of which, it has concluded that the note dated 24/01/98 was only a draft and not a letter actually written to Ashima Syntex Ltd. (ii) As regards to the alternative contention, of the   appellant   that   without   prejudice   only   net interest of Rs.1,84,425/­ only could have been considered   as   undisclosed   income,   Ld.   DR's contended   that   the   calculations   referred   to   in Annexure­B1   and   in   Annexure­B2/1   represents different   transactions,   which   is   absolutely incorrect. In fact, the amount paid as referred to in   column­2   of   Annexure­B1   (Page­29   of   the Paper Book) is the same as column­2 & 3 titled Nirma's   investment   and   Ashima's   investment referred in Annexure­321 (Page 30 of the PB) and   therefore   it   is   incorrect   to   state   that   the calculations as referred to in the said two popes represents the different transactions.

36.

We   have   heard   rival   submissions   and perused material available on record.  It emerges from record that the assessees’ group concern and Ashima   Syntex   Group   concern   had   interse relationship   in   terms   of   financial   dealings   in shares,   NCD,   Sharafi   interest   etc.     Floppy   in question, in our opinion, gives gross calculation about the amount to be received and paid group as a whole and not of individual concern, more so, when the AO himself has given an observation that   transaction   in   respect   of   Neo   Soaps   & Detergents   Pvt.   Ltd,   and   Nirman   Soaps   & Detergents   Pvt.  Ltd.,  have  been  offered  by  the respective assesses in their assessment.   In view thereof, we hold that alleged floppy contains cross calculation of units assessee group i.e. assessees mentioned above and Ashima Syntex Group.  In view thereof, we hold that net different on the items   product   has   to   be   held   as   undisclosed, therefore,   we   find   merit   in   the   alternative submission of the assess that net difference being Rs.1,84,425/­, which is mentioned in the paper itself being net interest to be received on product basis taking group as a whole, shall be held as undisclosed income. In view thereof, we hold that total addition to be sustained in this behalf is Rs.1,84,425/­, which shall be bifurcated in the hands   of   above   assessee   in   proportion   of investment of shares of Ashima Syntex Ltd. by these   assesses,   in   view   thereof,   this   ground   is partly allowed in respect of these assesses.”

2.

14 The Tribunal with regard to the addition made on account of contrived losses booked through inter entity transactions has held as under :­ “42. We   have   heard   rival   submissions   and perused material on record.  It emerges from the record that copy of sale bills were received from the   brokers.     Payment   has   been   received   by account payee cheques, delivery of shares were given to the buyer.  In view of these facts, right in the   property   stands   transferred.     There   is   a difference between transfer of shares within the meaning of Companies Act and I.T. Act.  Assessee having received full consideration of shares, there was   extinguishment   of   the   assessee’s   right   in shares.   We find merit in the arguments of the learned counsel for assessee that there may be various   reasons   for   not   transferring   shares immediately,   which   are   mentioned   above   and transactions were duly incorporated in the books, besides, the assessee has furnished evidences in respect of confirmations of purchases, group of shares subsequently transferred and in case of non­transfer   lodging   of   complaints   with   SEBI, instances   of   shares   sold   by   purchases   through stock exchanges, offering of capital gains by the assessee   in   their   return   of   incomes.     In consideration of all these facts, we are of the view that assessee having duly incorporated all these share transactions in the capital accounts and offered capital gain thereof, this cannot be held to   be   undisclosed   transactions   and   resulting losses   as   contrived   losses   that   too   in   block assessment   proceedings,   only   due   to   certain assumed  irregularities   on  the  part  of  revenue. Consequently, we hold that these losses cannot be disallowed   in   block   assessment   proceedings, holding them to be contrived  losses, therefore, claim of losses made in this ground are allowed in all these cases.”

3.

Mr. M. R. Bhatt, learned senior advocate appearing for the appellant – revenue submitted that the Assessing Officer and the CIT(A) have given cogent reasons, which were not considered by the Tribunal. According to Mr. Bhatt, the Tribunal has passed the impugned order in a very perfunctory manner without discussing in detail the submissions made on behalf of the revenue by accepting what is submitted on behalf of the respondent assessee in holding that the assessee having duly incorporated all the transactions in the shares in the capital account and offered   capital   gain   thereof   it   cannot   be   held   to   be   undisclosed transactions and resulting losses as contrived losses that too in the block assessment proceedings.

4.

Learned senior advocate for the revenue submitted that the Assessing Officer in the assessment order has given detailed analysis of the   evidence   found   during   the   course   of   search   and   thereafter   has arrived at findings, which are rightly considered by the CIT(A) in the order   by   confirming   the   assessment   order.     However,   the   Tribunal without giving any cogent reason to reverse the findings of the Assessing Officer as well as CIT(A) deleted the disallowance of contrived losses claimed by the assessee.

5.

It was further submitted that for the losses claimed in the returns of income for the A.Ys. 2000­01 and 2001­02 there was no contemporary   verifiable   evidence   of   having   effected   delivery   of   the shares   pertaining   to   the   share   transactions   done   with   other   group entities   till   date   of   search   i.e.   27th  September   2001. In   such circumstances,   the   Assessing   Officer   and   the   CIT(A)   have   rightly disallowed the contrived losses claimed by the assessee in the return of income.

6.

Learned senior advocate for the appellant further submitted that the Tribunal has recorded the following submissions made on behalf of the revenue. “40. Learned DR, on the other hand contends as under: (i) shares to/from sister concerns under the same undisclosed income u/s.158B(b). Ld.   D.R.   also   stated   that   in   alternate,   if   the transaction is held to be genuine, then the same may be set­aside to A.O. for verification of the rate at which the transaction has taken place as the aspect of valuation has not been considered by A.O. during the assessment proceedings.”

7.

The above submissions made on behalf of the revenue are brushed aside by the Tribunal in para – 42 of the impugned order.  It has held as under :­ “31. From the decisions  referred to above, in our opinion, the legal position seems to be fairly well­settled.  But a pure finding of fact based on evidence cannot be made the subject­matter of reference   to   the   High   Court.     Likewise,   an inference of fact, drawn from findings of fact also remains   a   question   of   fact   and   cannot   be challenged before the High Court.   But a pure question   of   law,   unrelated   to   the   facts,   can always be challenged and the High Court can examine such a question in the exercise of its jurisdiction u/s.256. On mixed question of fact and law, whereas the finding of the Tribunal on facts found has to be treated as final, the legal effect of such finding is a question of law and can be   reviewed   by   the   High   Court.     Likewise,   a finding on a question of fact is open to challenge if there is no evidence to support such finding or the finding is perverse or is such as could not have been arrived at by a reasonable man on the facts and in the circumstances of the case.” (2) “7. It is true, as contended on behalf of the revenue, that the findings recorded by the C.I.T. (Appeals) and the Tribunal are based on facts and  evidence on record, but on close reading of the order of the First Appellate Authority we find that   he   has   misdirected   himself   in   law   while taking into consideration the affidavit filed by the Director of the Company. The C.I.T.(Appeals) for the purpose of upholding partial disallowance has relied upon one portion of the affidavit viz. Where   the   assessee   company   has   through   its Director offered Rs.38,349/­ for disallowance. As regards   the   balance   portion   the   affidavit   is categorical in terms and as can be seen from the extract   reproduced   hereinbefore,   the   assessee company has made a positive averment to the effect   that   all   other   items   of   expenditure   are allowable, I.e. all other items of expenditure are relatable to setting up the plant and bringing fixed assets into existence and putting them into working   condition.   In   none   of   the   appellate orders, viz., those of the C.I.T.(Appeals) and the Tribunal we find any discussion in relation to this part of the affidavit. In fact, the order of the Tribunal   is   absolutely   silent   as   regards   the affidavit and there is no indication whatsoever in the order as to whether the Tribunal was even aware about the existence of the affidavit which was on record.

8.

As laid down by the Supreme Court in the case of Mehta, Parikh & Co. (Supra) none of the authorities   considered   it   necessary   to   cross examine   the   deponent   with   reference   to   the statement   made   in   the   affidavit,   and   hence, under these circumstances it was not open to the revenue   to   challenge   the   correctness   of   the statement made by the deponent in the affidavit. In other words, consequently, the assessee was entitled   to   assume   that   the   authorities   were satisfied with the affidavit as sufficient proof on this point. In the present case, we find that C.I.T. (Appeals) while dealing with the affidavit has conveniently chosen to accept only one part of the statement which was in favour of the revenue and against the assessee while ignoring the rest of the  portion wherein specific averments were made   in   relation  to   the   balance   items   of expenditure.

9.

In view of the settled legal position, it was not open to either C.I.T. (Appeals) or Tribunal to ignore a part of the contents of the affidavit. We are   conscious   of   the   fact   that   the   findings recorded by the C.I.T.(Appeals) and the Tribunal are concurrent as regards the facts and evidence on record and but for the averments made in the affidavit which have been ignored, we would not have interfered with the said findings. It is well settled cannon of interpretation that a document has to be read as a whole : it is not permissible to accept   a   part   and   ignore   the   rest   of   the document.

10.

Out of the total expenditure incurred by the  assessee   company   there   is   one   item   of depreciation   amounting   to   Rs.53,957/­   which would stand on a different footing as against the remaining items. In relation to this, the Tribunal has held that depreciation cannot be allowed to be   capitalised   as   it   does   not   represent   an expenditure   incurred   towards   installation   of assets whether directly or indirectly. It is further held that depreciation being notional allowance towards   wear   and   tear   of   capital   assets   it   is treated as deductible item on revenue account to be set off against revenue receipts for the purpose of ascertaining the real income chargeable to tax. According to the Tribunal, it would not be open to the assessee to claim deduction in relation to the depreciation   for the purpose of setting  off against its revenue receipt and at the same time seek capitalisation of the same by treating the said   item   as   relatable   to   a   period   prior   to commencement.

11.

There cannot be any dispute as regards the principle laid down by the Tribunal that assessee cannot claim benefit twice in relation to the item of depreciation , once on revenue account and again   by   seeking   capitalisation   of   the   same. However, from the facts available on record it is not   possible   to   state   with   certainty   that   the assessee   has in   fact  claimed  double  benefit   as apprehended by the Tribunal. In fact, the learned Counsel appearing for both the sides are not in a position to inform or state as to whether in fact the assessee had claimed deduction against its revenue   receipt   on   the   one   hand   and   again capitalised   the   said   item   for   the   purpose   of claiming depreciation and development rebate. In view of these circumstances, in so far as the item as regards depreciation is concerned, we direct the   Tribunal   to   adjust   its   decision   after ascertaining factual position. In the event of the assessee   having   not   claimed   amount   of depreciation relatable to assets of the office on revenue account the assessee may be permitted to capitalise the same.

12.

We,   therefore,   hold   that   in   the circumstances of  the case the Tribunal was not justified   in   law   in   holding   that   expenditure, except as regards the item of depreciation was not part of actual cost of the plant.  In the result, the question referred to us is answered in  the negative, subject to our direction in relation to item of depreciation I.e. in favour of the assessee and   against   the   revenue   with   no   order   as   to costs.” (3) The legal position is well­established and bears   no   repetition.   It   was   necessary   for   the Tribunal to bear  in mind that the assessment order had merged with the order of the C.I.T. (Appeals) and in case the Tribunal was inclined to reverse the order of C.I.T. (Appeals) it  was necessary for the Tribunal to record, howsoever briefly, the reasons for the same. The impugned order of the Tribunal nowhere reflects as to what were   the   facts   and   evidence   placed   before   the C.I.T. (Appeals) by the assessee and on the basis of   which   the   C.I.T.   (Appeals)   accepted   the explanation of the assessee. In the view that the Court is inclined to take it is not necessary to enter   into   discussion   on   merits   of   the   issue involved nor the veracity or the weightage to be assigned   to   the  evidence   available   on   record. Suffice it to state that as against the statement regarding admission at the time  of survey, the assessee   had   placed   on   record   its   letter  of retraction   and   evidences   in   support   of   such retraction.   The least  that   was  expected   of  the Tribunal  was   to   discuss   that   evidence   with reasons as to why the said retraction coupled with the evidence was not  acceptable, especially when the same had been accepted by  the C.I.T. (Appeals).   The   Tribunal   states   that   the explanation   was   not   furnished   before   the Assessing Officer and was placed on record before the C.I.T. (Appeals) for the first time overlooking the fact that the C.I.T. (Appeals) in Paragraph No.2.1   of  his order  has  categorically  recorded that the said evidence in the form of paper books was forwarded to the Assessing  Officer and the Assessing   Officer   had   after   perusing   the  same offered   his   comments   vide   letter   dated   06­10­ 1995. This is just an instance of the modality, i.e. the cursoriness with which the Tribunal has dealt Income­Tax, Madras, [1959] 37 ITR 151). This Commissioner of Income­Tax, [2002] 257 ITR 297 and Rameshchandra M. Luthra Vs. Assistant Commissioner of Income­Tax, [2002] 257 ITR

460.

The Tribunal has passed the order on 29­ 08­2003 and yet seems to be blissfully unaware of the legal position. In   light   of   the   aforesaid   fact   situation,   the impugned order of the Tribunal is quashed and set   aside to   the   extent   of   addition   of Rs.11,66,465/­ and the matter is restored to the file   of   the   Tribunal   for   the   purposes   of adjudication   afresh   in   light   of   the   well established   legal   principles   enunciated   by   the Apex Court and this Court.

13.

Accordingly, the appeal is allowed to the aforesaid   extent.   The   question   is   answered   in light   of   what   is   stated   hereinbefore.   The Reference stands disposed of accordingly. There shall be no order as to costs.”

9.

Relying upon the aforesaid decision, it was submitted that when the Tribunal has reversed the order of CIT(A), it was necessary for the   Tribunal   to   record   reasons   for   the   same.     On   perusal   of   the impugned   order   passed   by   the   Tribunal,   more   particularly   para   42 thereof, does not reflect as to what were the facts and evidence before the CIT(A) by the assessee nor the submissions made by the revenue including the cases relied before the Tribunal are at all considered or discussed by the Tribunal.  In such circumstances, it was prayed that the impugned order of the Tribunal is required to be quashed and set aside and to restore the matter to the file of the Tribunal for the purpose of adjudication   afresh   in   light   of   the   well   established   legal   principles enunciated by the Apex Court and this Court.

10.

On   the   other   hand,   Mr.   S.   N.   Soparkar,   learned   senior advocate   assisted   by   Mr.   B.   S.   Soparkar,   learned   advocate   for   the respondent   assessee   submitted   that   the   Tribunal   has   passed   the impugned order after considering all the facts and after perusal of the documentary evidence and record produced before it.   It was further submitted that the Tribunal is final fact finding authority and on perusal of the impugned order passed by the Tribunal it is clear that the Tribunal has considered the submissions made on behalf of the assessee as well as revenue and thereafter has arrived at findings of fact.  It was pointed­out that the Tribunal has sustained the addition of Rs.1,84,425/­ with regard to the interest income as it was found as a matter of fact that the interest calculated by the assessing officer was a gross calculation about amount to   be   received   and   paid   by   the   group   as   a   whole.     The   Tribunal, therefore, has rightly added sustained the addition of net difference on the   item   products   holding   the   same   to   be   undisclosed   income   by directing   the   Assessing   Officer   to   add   proportionate   amount   of   net difference in the interest of Rs.1,84,425/­ in proportion to the interest of shares of Ashima Syntex Ltd. by the respondent assessee.

11.

With regard to the deletion of disallowance of contrived loss, the learned senior advocate submitted that the Nirma Management Service Pvt. Ltd., is admittedly an entity, which is rendering the services to both the buyers and the seller in respect of accounting investment, taxations and other related services and the shares were kept in the custody of the said service company and only because the shares which were lying unregistered in the name of buyer were duly delivered upon the sale and transaction being completed.   It was therefore submitted that when it is not in dispute that the delivery of share given by the seller to the buyer, the transaction was completed and there was transfer of shares as per the definition of transfer under Section 2(47) of the Act, 1961. 12. It   was   further   submitted   that   the   consideration   for   the transaction of the shares was paid through cheque and the same was accounted in the books of accounts of the respective buyer and seller and therefore, no proof of delivery of shares was found during the course of search is no ground to disallow the loss.  It was further submitted that the quantum of loss is not disputed by the Assessing Officer or CIT(A). The only ground for disallowing such loss was that there was no proof of delivery of shares prior to the date of search.

13.

Learned senior advocate further submitted that it was also contended before the Tribunal that when the transaction is viewed as tax planning, though it is not, assessee was entitled to plan his transaction so that his taxes are minimized.  Moreover, the respondent assessee has disclosed the loss in the return of income supported by the evidence of payment is considered by the Tribunal is a finding of fact.  Copies of sale bill received from the brokers and payments made through cheque and delivery of shares were given to the buyers are not in dispute.  It was therefore, submitted that there is extinguishment of right of the assessee in the shares resulting in the transfer and therefore, the Tribunal has rightly held that the transactions which are duly incorporated in the books of the assessee in addition to the evidences furnished before the assessing officer including the confirmation of purchasing of the shares by the seller and the buyer and subsequently transferring such shares and in case of non transfer lodging a complaint and offering the capital gains as well as losses in the returns of income, the Tribunal has rightly deleted the disallowance of contrived losses.

14.

Learned senior advocate further submitted that the Tribunal has given the findings of fact and there is no question of law raised by the revenue with regard to the perverse findings given by the Tribunal. IT was therefore, submitted that the revenue cannot be permitted to contend that the impugned order passed by the Tribunal is perverse.

15.

It was also submitted that when the Tribunal after analyzing the material on record and after recording the submissions made by both, the appellant as well as the revenue, has arrived at finding of fact giving   reasons   which   goes   to   the   root   of   the   case,   then   in   such circumstances, it cannot be said that the Tribunal has not given any cogent reason in support of the findings recorded by it.

16.

It was therefore, prayed that the impugned orders are not require to be interfered as both the questions of law are in fact questions of fact and the same should not be considered as substantial questions of law arising from the impugned order of the Tribunal.

17.

Having considered the submissions made by the learned advocates for the respective parties and having perused the impugned orders passed by the Assessing Officer, CIT(A) and the Tribunal, we are of the opinion that the Tribunal has arrived at finding of fact after considering  the   material  evidence  on record  so  as  to  hold  that  the assessee is entitled to the claim of the contrived losses suffered by it. The Tribunal has also rightly considered the fact that in the assessment under the block period only the undisclosed income, which is found from the seized material can only be considered for the addition as in the total income of the assessee.  In the facts of the case, the assessee has already disclosed the losses by making necessary entries in the books of accounts and therefore, the assessing officer and CIT(A) were not justified in disallowing the contrived losses claimed by the assessee.  The Tribunal has also taken into consideration the factual aspect of the matter that the sale bills were issued by the brokers, the payments were made by cheque by the respective buyer of the shares and such transactions are duly reflected in the books of accounts.  In such circumstances, it cannot be said that the Tribunal has committed any error in holding that the assessee is entitled to claim the contrived losses in the total income for the respective year by the respective assessee.

18.

We are in agreement with the ratio of the decisions cited at bar by the learned advocate for the revenue, but in view of the findings of fact recorded by the Tribunal in the present case, we are of the opinion that there is no need to restore the matter back to the Tribunal to give any further reasons in support of findings of fact arrived at on the basis of material on the record by the Tribunal.

19.

In view of the above, it cannot be stated that the impugned order of the Tribunal is without any reason whatsoever so as to remand the matter back to the Tribunal.  Even if the matter is remanded back to the   Tribunal,   the   ultimate   result   arrived   at   by   the   Tribunal   in   the impugned order relying upon the facts emerging from the records the same   would   not   be   different   in   any   view   of   the   matter.     In   such circumstances, we do not find any merit in the appeal.  The questions of law are answered in favour of the assessee and against the revenue.  The appeal stands dismissed accordingly. (J. B. PARDIWALA, J.) (BHARGAV D. KARIA, J.) AMAR RATHOD...

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