Section 44B of the Income Tax Act

Income-tax Act, 2025: s.61

Section 44B of the Income-tax Act, 1961 corresponds to section 61 (Special provision for computation of income on presumptive basis in respect of certain business activities of certain non-residents) of the Income-tax Act, 2025.

Read section 61 of the 2025 Act

Correspondence checked against the ICAI tabular mapping of the two Acts and the BharatTax.co section commentary.

The decision most relied on for Section 44B is CIT v. PKN (60 ITR 65), cited in 23 of the 106 judgments on BharatTax that turn on this section.

Leading authorities on Section 44B

CIT v. PKN
60 ITR 65 · 1966 · Supreme Court
23
citing judgments

A purchase made without the intention to resell, where a resale occurs due to changed circumstances, is considered a realization of capital and does not make the transaction a business venture. However, if a purchase is made with the intention to resell, the nature of the venture (capital account or trade) depends on the assessee's conduct and case circumstances.

Anand Transport (P.) Ltd. v. ACIT
370 ITR 524 · 2015 · High Court
8
citing judgments
Director Of Income-tax (International Taxation) v. Balaji Shipping U.K Ltd.
211 Taxmann 535 · 2012 · High Court
7
citing judgments
CIT v. Balaji Shipping (UK) Ltd.
24 Taxmann.com 229 · 2012 · High Court
6
citing judgments
359 (Guj.) (ii) APL CO. Pte. Ltd. v. ADIT (IT)
156 Taxmann.com 530 · 2023 · High Court
5
citing judgments
MT Maersk Mikage v. DIT(lnternational Taxation! I
72 Taxmann.com 359 · 2016 · High Court
5
citing judgments

Judgments on Section 44B

Orient Overseas Container Line Limited, Mumbai vs. DCIT (Int) Tax Circle 3(2)(2), Mumbai

In the result, the appeal by the assessee is partly allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 6570/MUM/2025[2023-24]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai19 Jan 2026AY 2023-24

Bench: Shri Om Prakash Kantshri Sandeep Singh Karhailorient Overseas Container Line Limited, C/O Oocl (India) Private Limited, Icc Chambers, 5Th Floor, Saki Vihar Road, Opp. Santogen Silk Mills, Powai, ............... Appellant Mumbai - 400072 Pan : Aaaco5679E V/S Deputy Commissioner Of Income Tax (International Taxation), Circle – 3(2)(2), ……………… Respondent 6Th Floor, Kautilya Bhavan, Bandra Kurla Complex, Mumbai - 400051

For Appellant: Shri Nikhil TiwariFor Respondent: Shri Krishna Kumar, Sr.DR
Section 115JSection 143(2)Section 143(3)Section 144CSection 144C(13)Section 144C(5)Section 153Section 244ASection 44B

The Marthandam Bee Keepers Co Op Society Ltd, Marthandam, Kanyakumari Dist vs. Income Tax Officer Ward 1, Nagercoil

In the result, appeal filed by the assessee is allowed for statistical

ITA 2816/CHNY/2025[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Chennai28 Oct 2025AY 2018-19

Bench: Shri Aby T. Varkey & Shri M. Balaganesh

For Appellant: Mr.R. Harshvardan, AdvocateFor Respondent: Ms. Gauthami Manivasagam
Section 10Section 148Section 44BSection 68

Avana Global Fzco, Mumbai vs. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax (International Tax)-1(1)(2), Mumbai

In the result, appeal of the assessee is allowed

ITA 1788/MUM/2025[2022-23]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai29 Sept 2025AY 2022-23

Bench: Shri Saktijit Dey, Hon'Ble & Shri Girish Agrawalassessment Year: 2022-2023 Avana Global Fzco Deputy Commissioner Of Unit No.2002-2004, 2201- Income-Tax (International Tax) 2204 & 2103, 20Th, 21St & – 1(1)(2), Mumbai 22Nd Floor, Building Q 2, Aurum Q Parc Gen 4/1, Vs. Tic, Ghansoli, Thane Belapur Road, Navi Mumbai – 400701. (Pan: Aadcb4021A) (Appellant) (Respondent) Present For: Assessee : Shri Dhanesh Bafna A/W. Shri Hardik Nirmal & Ms. Hinal Shah, Ca Revenue : Shri Satya Pal Kumar, Cit Dr Date Of Hearing : 21.08.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 29.09.2025 O R D E R

For Appellant: Shri Dhanesh Bafna a/w. Shri Hardik Nirmal and Ms. Hinal Shah, CAFor Respondent: Shri Satya Pal Kumar, CIT DR
Section 143(3)Section 144Section 144C(5)Section 153Section 44B

Tata Nyk Shipping Pte Ltd, Singapore vs. Deputy Commissioner of Income-Tax (International Tax), Circle 3(1)(1), Delhi

In the result, impugned order is set aside and appeal of the assesee is allowed

ITA 247/DEL/2025[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi23 Sept 2025AY 2018-19

Bench: Shri Vikas Awasthy & Shri Naveen Chandraआअसं.247/िद"ी/2025(िन.व. 2018-19) Tata Nyk Shipping Pte Ltd. 6 Shenton Way, #18-08B, Oue Downtown, 2, Singapore-068809 ...... अपीलाथ"/Appellant Pan: Aadct-9945-P बनाम Vs. Deputy Commissioner Of Income Tax, (International Taxation), ..... "ितवादी/Respondent Circle 3(1)(1), Civic Centre, Minto Road, Delhi 110002

For Appellant: S/Shri Ajay Vohra, Sr. Advocate with Aditya Vohra, AdvocateFor Respondent: Shri Nikhil Kumar Govila, CIT-DR
Section 147Section 263Section 44B

Jaldhi Overseas Pte. Ltd., Singapore vs. ACIT/DCIT, International Taxation-1(2), Chennai

In the result, the appeal filed by the assessee is partly allowed

ITA 366/CHNY/2025[2022-23]Status: DisposedITAT Chennai19 Aug 2025AY 2022-23

Bench: Shri Manu Kumar Giri & Shri Amitabh Shuklaआयकर अपील सं./Ita No.366/Chny/2025 िनधा"रण वष"/Assessment Year: 2022-23 V. Jaldhi Overseas Pte. Ltd., The Assistant Commissioner Of #25-60, Tong Eng Building, 101, Cecil Income Tax, International Street, Singapore 069533. Taxation, Dcit, Intl. Tax 1(2), C/O. Bothra Shipping Services Private Chennai. Limited, Vasundhara, 9Th Floor, Unit-A, 2/7 Sarat Bose Road, L.R. Sarani S.O., Kalkata, West Bengal 700 020. [Pan: Aadcj0165F] (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) (""थ"/Respondent) अपीलाथ" की ओर से/ Appellant By : Shri Ashik Shah, C.A. ""थ" की ओर से /Respondent By : Ms. E. Pavuna Sundari, Cit सुनवाईकीतारीख/Date Of Hearing : 13.08.2025 घोषणाकीतारीख /Date Of Pronouncement : 19.08.2025 आदेश / O R D E R Per Manu Kumar Giri, Jm:

For Appellant: Shri Ashik Shah, C.AFor Respondent: Ms. E. Pavuna Sundari, CIT
Section 143(2)Section 143(3)Section 144C(1)Section 144C(13)Section 153Section 44B

Jubilant Foodworks Limited, Noida vs. Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, Noida

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is allowed for the statistical purposes

ITA 184/DEL/2025[2022-23]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi06 Aug 2025AY 2022-23

Bench: Sh. M. Balaganesh & Sh. Sudhir Kumarassessment Year: 2022-23 Jubilant Food Works Vs. Assistant Commissioner Of Limited Plot No. 1A Sector Income Tax, Circle – 5 (1) 16 A Gautam Buddha Nagar (1), Noida Uttar Pradesh 201301 Pan No. Aabcd 1821 C (Appellant) (Respondent) Appellant By Sh. K M Gupta, Advocate Ms. Shruti Khimata, Ca Respondent By Sh. Jitender Singh, Cit Dr

Section 139(1)Section 139(5)Section 143(1)Section 80Section 80ASection 80J

Mariana Express Lines Ptd. Ltd., Chennai vs. DCIT, Intl Taxation-1(2), Chennai

Appeal of the assessee is allowed

ITA 557/CHNY/2025[2022-23]Status: DisposedITAT Chennai25 Jul 2025AY 2022-23

Bench: Shri George George K & Ms Padmavathy S, Am

For Appellant: Mr. Percy PardiwallaFor Respondent: Ms. E. Pavuna Sundari, Sr. DR
Section 13FSection 143(3)Section 44B

Hapag Liyod Aktiengesellschaft, Mumbai vs. The Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax -2(2)(2), Mumbai

In the result, the appeal is accordingly allowed for statistical purposes in the above terms

ITA 1738/MUM/2025[2022-23]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai27 Jun 2025AY 2022-23

Bench: Ms. Padmavathy S & Shri Raj Kumar Chauhanhapag-Llyod Aktiengesellschaft Vs. The Deputy Commissioner Of C/O Hapag-Lloyd India Pvt. Ltd, Income Tax International Tax 501 Satellite Gazebo, B Wing, 5Th Circle-2(2)(2) Floor, Guru Hargovindji Marg, Room No.1606, 16Th Floor, Air Andheri East, Mumbai-400993 India Building, Nariman Point, Pan – Aaach0979G Mumbai-400021 (Appellant) (Respondent)

Section 142(1)Section 143(2)Section 143(3)Section 144C(1)Section 144C(5)

Orient Overseas Container Line Limited, Mumbai vs. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax (International Taxation) Circle 3(2)(2), Mumbai

ITA 2129/MUM/2025[2022-23]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai25 Jun 2025AY 2022-23
For Appellant: Shri Rajan Vora; Shri Lekh MehtaFor Respondent: Shri Krishna Kumar
Section 115JSection 143(2)Section 143(3)Section 144CSection 144C(13)Section 144C(5)Section 153Section 244ASection 44B

Feedertech Pte Ltd, Thane vs. Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, Mumbai

ITA 3588/MUM/2024[2016-17]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai21 Apr 2025AY 2016-17

Bench: Shri Pawan Singh, Jm & Ms Padmavathy S, Am

For Appellant: Shri M.P. Lohia, ARFor Respondent: Shri Krishna Kumar- Sr. DR
Section 143(1)Section 154Section 44BSection 90

Feedertech Pte Ltd, Nerul, Navi Mumbai vs. Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, Nariman Point

ITA 4209/MUM/2023[2019-20]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai21 Apr 2025AY 2019-20

Bench: Shri Pawan Singh, Jm & Ms Padmavathy S, Am

For Appellant: Shri M.P. Lohia, ARFor Respondent: Shri Krishna Kumar- Sr. DR
Section 143(1)Section 154Section 44BSection 90

DCIT(It)-1(2)(1), Mumbai vs. Bay Lines ( Mauritius), Mumbai

In the result, appeals of the Revenue are dismissed and

ITA 4859/MUM/2018[2014-15]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai28 Mar 2025AY 2014-15
Section 44B

DCIT(It)-1(2)(1), Mumbai vs. Bay Lines ( Mauritius), Mumbai

In the result, appeals of the Revenue are dismissed and

ITA 4858/MUM/2018[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai28 Mar 2025AY 2013-14
Section 44B

Feedertech Pte Lyd, Nerul, Navi Mumbai vs. Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, Nariman Point

ITA 4206/MUM/2023[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai18 Feb 2025AY 2018-19

Bench: Ms Padmavathy S, Am & Shri Raj Kumar Chauhan, Jm

For Appellant: Shri M.P. Lohia, ARFor Respondent: Shri Krishna Kumar, Sr. DR
Section 143(3)Section 144CSection 15Section 234BSection 234CSection 44B

Asstt. Commissioner of Income Tax-6(1)(1), Mumbai vs. Equifax Software Systems Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai

In the result, the appeal of the revenue is dismissed

ITA 5334/MUM/2024[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai15 Jan 2025AY 2013-14

Bench: Shri Narendra Kumar Billaiya & Shri Anikesh Banerjeeasst.Commissioner Of Income- Vs Equifax Software Systems Pvt Ltd Unit No.932, 3Rd Floor, Building Tax-6(1)(1), Mumbai 5Th Room No.504, Floor, No.9, Solitaire Corporate Park, Aayakar Bhavan, M.K. Road, Andheri-Ghatkopar Link Road, Mumbai-400 020 Andheri East-400 093 Pan: Aacce0281G Applicant Respondent

For Appellant: Shri Niraj ShethFor Respondent: Shri Hemanshu Joshi SR. DR
Section 143(3)Section 250

Orient Overseas Container Line Limited, Mumbai vs. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax (International Taxation)-Circle 3(2)(2), Mumbai

In the result, ground No.3 is allowed

ITA 3278/MUM/2023[2020-21]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai24 Oct 2024AY 2020-21

Bench: Us The Effective Ground Which Has Been Raised Is Ground No.3, Wherein Assessee Has Challenged That Gst Amount Cannot Be Considered For The Purpose Of Computing Presumptive Income U/S.44B Of The Act. For The Sake Of Ready Reference, The

Section 143(3)Section 44B

Avana Global Fzco, Mumbai vs. Commissioner of Income Tax (International Tax)-1, Mumbai

ITA 2731/MUM/2024[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai30 Jul 2024AY 2018-19

Bench: Shri Narendra Kumar Billaiya, Hon'Ble & Smt. Kavitha Rajagopal, Hon'Bleι.Τ.Α. No. 2731/Mum/2024

For Appellant: Shri Dhanesh Bafna, Shri Hardik Nirmal & Ms. HinalFor Respondent: Smt. Shaileja Rai, CIT, D/R
Section 143(3)Section 144C(3)Section 263

Hapag-Llyod Aktiengesellschaft, Mumbai vs. DCIT-International Taxation-2(2)(2), Mumbai

In the result, the appeal by the assessee is allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 4535/MUM/2023[2021-22]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai04 Jun 2024AY 2021-22

Bench: Shri Prashant Maharishi & Shri Sandeep Singh Karhail

For Appellant: Shri Niranjan GovindekarFor Respondent: Shri Anil Sant
Section 143(3)Section 144C(13)Section 144C(5)Section 44B

Pacific International Lines P Ltd, Chennai vs. DCIT International Taxation-2(1), Chennai

In the result, all the appeals filed by the assesses are allowed

ITTPA 1/CHNY/2020[2016-17]Status: DisposedITAT Chennai29 May 2024AY 2016-17

Bench: Shri Aby T. Varkey & Shri Jagadish

For Appellant: Shri S. Sridhar, AdvocateFor Respondent: Shri A. Sasikumar, CIT
Section 44B

M/S. Advanced Container Lines Pvt. Ltd., Chennai vs. DCIT, International Taxation - 1 (1), Chennai

In the result, all the appeals filed by the assesses are allowed

ITTPA 79/CHNY/2019[2016-17]Status: DisposedITAT Chennai29 May 2024AY 2016-17

Bench: Shri Aby T. Varkey & Shri Jagadish

For Appellant: Shri S. Sridhar, AdvocateFor Respondent: Shri A. Sasikumar, CIT
Section 44B