Section 139(1) of the Income Tax Act

Income-tax Act, 2025: s.263

Section 139(1) falls under section 139 of the Income-tax Act, 1961, which corresponds to section 263 (Return of income) of the Income-tax Act, 2025.

Read section 263 of the 2025 Act

Correspondence checked against the ICAI tabular mapping of the two Acts and the BharatTax.co section commentary.

The decision most relied on for Section 139(1) is CIT v. Manjunatha Cotton & Ginning Factory (359 ITR 565), cited in 2,590 of the 8,117 judgments on BharatTax that turn on this section.

Leading authorities on Section 139(1)

CIT v. Manjunatha Cotton & Ginning Factory
359 ITR 565 · 2013 · High Court
2,590
citing judgments

A penalty notice issued under section 274 read with section 271(1)(c) is invalid if it fails to specify whether the penalty proceedings are initiated for concealment of income or for furnishing inaccurate particulars of income. This non-specification vitiates the penalty proceedings.

CIT v. AIMIL Ltd.
321 ITR 508 · 2010 · High Court
1,629
citing judgments

Employee contributions to PF and ESIC, deposited beyond the due date under the respective Acts but within the due date for filing the income tax return under Section 139(1), are allowable deductions under Section 36(1)(va). Such disallowance cannot be made during processing under Section 143(1).

Checkmate Services Pvt. Ltd. v. CIT
143 Taxmann.com 178 · 2022 · Supreme Court
1,392
citing judgments

Employee contributions to provident fund and ESI deposited by an employer beyond the due dates prescribed under the respective special Acts are not allowable as a deduction under section 36(1)(va) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Such disallowance can be made during processing under section 143(1).

CIT v. Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation
366 ITR 170 · 2014 · High Court
1,158
citing judgments

Employees' contributions to welfare funds, such as provident fund, are not allowable as a deduction under section 36(1)(va) if deposited beyond the due date prescribed under the respective welfare statutes, even by a single day. Such delayed deposits are not cured even if made before the income-tax return filing due date.

CIT v. Pruthvi Brokers & Shareholders
349 ITR 336 · 2012 · High Court
956
citing judgments

Appellate authorities can entertain fresh claims or revised computations of income made by an assessee, even if these were not submitted through a revised return of income.

CIT v. SSA’s Emerald Meadows
73 Taxmann.com 241 · 2016 · High Court
791
citing judgments

A penalty notice under section 271(1)(c) read with section 274 of the Income Tax Act is invalid if it fails to specify whether the penalty is for concealment of income or for furnishing incorrect particulars of income.

Union of India v. Azadi Bachao Andolan
263 ITR 706 · 2003 · Supreme Court
691
citing judgments

A citizen is free to carry on business within the law, and mere tax planning without a motive to evade taxes through colorable devices is not frowned upon. The liability to taxation, for the purpose of tax treaty application, is a legal situation, not the fiscal fact of actual payment.

(i) CIT v. Merchem Ltd.
378 ITR 443 · 2015 · High Court
631
citing judgments

Belated remittance of employees' contribution to ESI and PF, even if deposited before the due date for filing the return of income under Section 139(1), is not allowed as a deduction. This disallowance falls under Section 36(1)(va) read with Section 2(24)(x), as Section 43B applies only to employer's contributions.

Co-operative Bank Ltd. v. CIT
384 ITR 490 · 2016 · High Court
631
citing judgments

Co-operative banks are not fundamentally different from co-operative societies, entitling them to claim deductions under Section 80P of the Income Tax Act, 1961, including for interest income treated as business income.

CIT v. Ghatge Patil Transports Ltd.
368 ITR 749 · 2014 · High Court
609
citing judgments

Deduction for employees' contributions to PF and ESIC is allowable under Section 43B if paid before the due date for filing the return under Section 139(1); similarly, delayed deposits of employers' contributions to ESIC and PF are also allowable.

Judgments on Section 139(1)

Amin Chand Payarelal vs. Inspecting Assti. Commissioner, Income Tax and Ors

CIVIL APPEAL No. 4114/2001Supreme Court05 Sept 2006

Bench: Assessment Is Made Would Not Absolve Assessee From The Liability To Pay Penalty-Even If Assessee Deposits Interest For Late Filing, Penalty, Could Be Levied Under S.271 (/)(A). The Question Which Arose For Consideration In The Present Appeal Was D That When Return Has Been Filed Beyond The Extended Period For Filing Under Section 139(4) Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 & The Assessee Has Paid Interest For The Late Filing, Whether Penalty Under Section 271(1)(A) Of The Act Could Be Levied Thereon. E Dismissing The Appeal, The Court Held: Sub-Section (4) Of Section 139 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 Provides For A Situation Where The Returns Are Not Filed By An Assessee Within The Time Allowed Or Within The Extended Period For Filing Such Returns. Merely Because Sub-Section (4) Of Section 139 Enable The Assessee To File His Return At Any Time Before The Assessment Is Made, It Does Not Mean That His Liability F To Pay Penalty Under Section 27L(L)(A) Is Erased. The Penalty Could Be Levied Under Section 27L(L)(A) Of The Act. The Impugned Judgment Of The Division Bench Of High Court That Mere Deposit Of Interest Would Not Absolve The Assessee From Its Liability To Pay The Penalty Under Section 271(1)(A) Of The Act Is Upheld. (735-A, G; 736-A-Bj G H Commissioner Of Income Tax, A.P. V. M. Chandra Sekhar, (1985) 151 Itr 433, Distinguished. Pradip Lamps Works V. Commissioner Of Income Tax, (2001) 249 Itr 797, Relied On. 730 '

Section 139Section 139(4)Section 156Section 271Section 271(1)(a)Section 27l