Section 11(1)(d) of the Income Tax Act
The decision most relied on for Section 11(1)(d) is Income Tax-III, Pune v. Rajasthan & Gujarati Charitable Foundation Poona (89 Taxmann.com 127), cited in 130 of the 82 judgments on BharatTax that turn on this section.
Leading authorities on Section 11(1)(d)
Depreciation under Section 32 is allowable as an application of income for charitable trusts computing income under Section 11. The amendment to Section 11(6) by Finance (No. 2) Act, 2014, is prospective, applicable from Assessment Year 2015-16.
This case is cited for the principle that a decision not founded on reasons, rendered without argument, or sub silentio, does not constitute a binding declaration of law or ratio decidendi under Article 141 of the Constitution.
An institution carrying out charitable objects, such as education or advancement of general public utility, does not lose its Section 11 exemption merely by collecting fees for activities like campus placements or educational guidance, as this does not constitute carrying on a business.
Revision under Section 263 requires an assessment order to be both erroneous and prejudicial to the revenue. It is not permissible if the Assessing Officer adopted a legally permissible view, one of two possible views, or applied mind to the issues, despite the Commissioner's differing opinion or perceived inadequate enquiry.
Earning income or charging fees for activities that serve general public utility does not automatically constitute trade, commerce, or business to attract the proviso to Section 2(15), thus not disentitling an entity from charitable exemptions. The mere receipt of fees for public utility services, without a profit motive, does not negate the charitable nature of the activity.
A one-time fee paid by members, with the understanding that it can only be used for capital purposes, is considered a corpus donation and is not taxable as income. This is especially true when separate fees are collected for services rendered.
Donations made for a specific purpose are considered capital in nature and cannot be applied for charitable or religious purposes, thus not being deemed income from property for the purposes of Section 11 of the Income Tax Act.
The Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) can make enhancements to an assessment during appellate proceedings, provided such enhancements do not amount to introducing an entirely new head of income.
Interest earned on investments made from the principal amount of a fund, even if the principal itself was not brought to tax, can be brought to tax.
Judgments on Section 11(1)(d)
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