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“genuineness of the transaction”

Cash Credits & Unexplained ItemsSection 68Section 685,938 judgments

The decision most relied on for genuineness of the transaction is Sumati Dayal v. CIT (214 ITR 801), cited in 1,967 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on genuineness of the transaction

Sumati Dayal v. CIT
214 ITR 801 · 1995 · Supreme Court
1,967
citing judgments

The Revenue is entitled to look behind the apparent form of a transaction to discover its true nature, applying the test of human probabilities and surrounding circumstances. If transactions defy logic or are unnatural, they can be treated as bogus, even if supported by some documentation, especially in cases of cash credits or unexplained investments.

CIT v. Durga Prasad More
82 ITR 540 · 1971 · Supreme Court
1,579
citing judgments

Tax authorities must judge evidence using the test of human probabilities and consider the apparent as real until there are reasons to believe it is not. They can rely on circumstantial evidence and the preponderance of probabilities to determine the genuineness of transactions.

CIT v. Orissa Corporation Pvt. Ltd.
159 ITR 78 · 1986 · Supreme Court
897
citing judgments

When an assessee provides the identity and address of a creditor or investor for a cash credit or share capital under Section 68, the burden shifts to the Department to establish lack of genuineness or creditworthiness, requiring it to conduct further inquiries; mere non-compliance by third parties to summons cannot be the sole basis for an adverse inference against the assessee.

CIT v. Lovely Exports (P) Ltd.
216 CTR 195 · 2008 · Supreme Court
854
citing judgments

If an assessee company receives share application money from alleged bogus shareholders and provides their details to the Assessing Officer, no addition can be made under Section 68 in the company's hands; the Department must proceed against the shareholders by reopening their individual assessments.

McDowell & Co. Ltd. v. CTO
154 ITR 148 · 1985 · Supreme Court
741
citing judgments

The Supreme Court held that while legitimate tax planning is permissible, transactions structured as a "colourable device" or "subterfuge" solely to avoid tax are impermissible. It mandates a judicial shift to look beyond the form to the substance of a transaction, allowing the lifting of the corporate veil in tax evasion arrangements.

(Central)-1 v. NRA Iron & Steel (P) Ltd.
103 Taxmann.com 48 · 2019 · Supreme Court
696
citing judgments

When assessing cash credits, share capital, or loans, the assessee bears the onus to prove the identity, creditworthiness, and genuineness of transactions. This burden is not discharged merely by documentary evidence if field inquiries reveal accommodation entries or dealings with paper/shell companies.

Kale Khan Mohammad Hanif v. CIT
50 ITR 1 · 1963 · Supreme Court
581
citing judgments

The assessee bears the onus of proving the source and nature of any sum of money or receipt found to have been received by them. If the assessee fails to satisfactorily explain the receipt, the Income-tax Officer is entitled to treat it as taxable income.

Umacharan Shaw & Bros. v. CIT
37 ITR 271 · 1959 · Supreme Court
567
citing judgments

An income tax assessment or addition cannot be sustained solely on the basis of suspicion, surmises, or conjectures, as strong suspicion does not amount to proof. The revenue authorities must rely on concrete evidence and material to frame an assessment.

Judgments citing genuineness of the transaction

ACIT-16(3), Fourth Floor vs. Muffazal Lakdawala, Rna Mirage S.K Ahire Marg

Appeal is dismissed

ITA 3254/MUM/2025[2020-21]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai29 Dec 2025AY 2020-21

Bench: Shri Narender Kumar Choudhry & Smt. Renu Jauhriassessment Year: 2020-21 Acit – 16 (3), Muffazal Lakdawala, Vs. Aayakar Bhavan, M.K. Road, Worli Mumbai – 400018. Mumbai – 400020. Pan – Aacpl 2097 E (Appellant) (Respondent) Present For: Assessee By : Sh. Priyank Ghia A/W Ms. Simoni Shah, Ld. Ars. Revenue By : Sh. Virabhadra S. Mahajan, Ld. Sr. D.R. Date Of Hearing : 03.12.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 29.12.2025 O R D E R Per : Narender Kumar Choudhry: This Appeal Has Been Preferred By The Revenue Against The Order Dated 14.03.2025, Impugned Herein, Passed By The National Faceless Appeal Centre (Nfac)/Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals) (In Short Ld. Commissioner) U/S 250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (In Short ‘The Act’) For The A.Y. 2020-21. 2. In The Instant Case, The Assessee Had Taken/Received Unsecured Loan To The Tune Of Rs. 3,28,42,847/- In Total From The Lenders, As Detailed Below: - Anjuman E Mohammadi – 1,50,00,000/- Reshma Jai Ram Shetty – 1,75,00,000/- Digestive Health Institute By Dr. Muffi Pvt. Ltd. – 3,42,847/-

For Appellant: Sh. Priyank Ghia a/w Ms. Simoni Shah, Ld. ARsFor Respondent: Sh. Virabhadra S. Mahajan, Ld. SR. D.R
Section 133Section 250Section 68

peculiar facts and circumstances and the documents submitted by the assessee, ultimately held that the identity and credit worthiness of the creditors and genuineness of the transaction is established and consequently, the addition under Section 68 may be deleted. 6. The Revenue Department being aggrieved has preferred instant appeal

Dy Commissioner of Income Tax, Noida vs. Surender Gupta, Delhi

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is partly allowed and of the Revenue is dismissed as discussed hereinabove

ITA 2873/DEL/2025[2020-21]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi24 Dec 2025AY 2020-21

Bench: Shri Satbeer Singh Godara & Shri Manish Agarwalita Nos.1670 To 1672/Del/2025 (Assessment Years 2018-19, 2019-20 & 2020-21) Surender Gupta, Dy. Cit, A-27, Phase-1, Ashok Vihar, Central Circle-30, H.O. North West Delhi-110052. Vs. Delhi. Pan-Aaopg2234J (Appellant) (Respondent) Ita Nos.2871 To 2873/Del/2025 (Assessment Years 2018-19, 2019-20 & 2020-21) Dy. Cit, Surender Gupta, Central Circle-1, A-27, Phase-1, Ashok Vihar, Noida. Vs. H.O. North West Delhi-110052. Pan-Aaopg2234J (Appellant) (Respondent) Assessee By Shri Mayank Patwari, Adv. & Shri Aakash Ojha, Adv. Department By Ms. Rajinder Kaur, Cit-Dr Date Of Hearing 20.11.2025 Date Of Pronouncement 24.12.2025 O R D E R Per Manish Agarwal, Am: The Captioned Cross Appeals Are Filed By The Assessee & Revenue Against Three Separate Orders Of Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals)-30, New Delhi [“Ld. Cit(A) In Short”] U/S 250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 [“The Act In Short”], All Are Dated 24.02.2025 Against The Orders Of The Assessing Officer U/S 153A R.W.S Ita Nos.2871 To 2873/Del/2025 Surender Gupta Vs. Dcit 143(3) Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (“The Act” For Short) For Assessment Years 2018-19, 2019-20 & 2020-21 Respectively.

Section 127Section 139(1)Section 153ASection 153DSection 250

made with the assessee. Also, the assessee during the course of assessment proceedings failed to discharge the burden of proving their creditworthiness and genuineness of the transactions. 2. Whether on facts and circumstances of the case and in law, the Ld. CIT(A)-30, New Delhi has erred

Dy. Commissioner of Income Tax, Central Circle-I, Noida vs. Surender Gupta, Delhi

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is partly allowed and of the Revenue is dismissed as discussed hereinabove

ITA 2872/DEL/2025[2019-20]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi24 Dec 2025AY 2019-20

Bench: Shri Satbeer Singh Godara & Shri Manish Agarwalita Nos.1670 To 1672/Del/2025 (Assessment Years 2018-19, 2019-20 & 2020-21) Surender Gupta, Dy. Cit, A-27, Phase-1, Ashok Vihar, Central Circle-30, H.O. North West Delhi-110052. Vs. Delhi. Pan-Aaopg2234J (Appellant) (Respondent) Ita Nos.2871 To 2873/Del/2025 (Assessment Years 2018-19, 2019-20 & 2020-21) Dy. Cit, Surender Gupta, Central Circle-1, A-27, Phase-1, Ashok Vihar, Noida. Vs. H.O. North West Delhi-110052. Pan-Aaopg2234J (Appellant) (Respondent) Assessee By Shri Mayank Patwari, Adv. & Shri Aakash Ojha, Adv. Department By Ms. Rajinder Kaur, Cit-Dr Date Of Hearing 20.11.2025 Date Of Pronouncement 24.12.2025 O R D E R Per Manish Agarwal, Am: The Captioned Cross Appeals Are Filed By The Assessee & Revenue Against Three Separate Orders Of Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals)-30, New Delhi [“Ld. Cit(A) In Short”] U/S 250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 [“The Act In Short”], All Are Dated 24.02.2025 Against The Orders Of The Assessing Officer U/S 153A R.W.S Ita Nos.2871 To 2873/Del/2025 Surender Gupta Vs. Dcit 143(3) Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (“The Act” For Short) For Assessment Years 2018-19, 2019-20 & 2020-21 Respectively.

Section 127Section 139(1)Section 153ASection 153DSection 250

made with the assessee. Also, the assessee during the course of assessment proceedings failed to discharge the burden of proving their creditworthiness and genuineness of the transactions. 2. Whether on facts and circumstances of the case and in law, the Ld. CIT(A)-30, New Delhi has erred

Dy. Commissioner of Income Tax, Central Circle I Noida, Noida vs. Surender Gupta, Delhi

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is partly allowed and of the Revenue is dismissed as discussed hereinabove

ITA 2871/DEL/2025[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi24 Dec 2025AY 2018-19

Bench: Shri Satbeer Singh Godara & Shri Manish Agarwalita Nos.1670 To 1672/Del/2025 (Assessment Years 2018-19, 2019-20 & 2020-21) Surender Gupta, Dy. Cit, A-27, Phase-1, Ashok Vihar, Central Circle-30, H.O. North West Delhi-110052. Vs. Delhi. Pan-Aaopg2234J (Appellant) (Respondent) Ita Nos.2871 To 2873/Del/2025 (Assessment Years 2018-19, 2019-20 & 2020-21) Dy. Cit, Surender Gupta, Central Circle-1, A-27, Phase-1, Ashok Vihar, Noida. Vs. H.O. North West Delhi-110052. Pan-Aaopg2234J (Appellant) (Respondent) Assessee By Shri Mayank Patwari, Adv. & Shri Aakash Ojha, Adv. Department By Ms. Rajinder Kaur, Cit-Dr Date Of Hearing 20.11.2025 Date Of Pronouncement 24.12.2025 O R D E R Per Manish Agarwal, Am: The Captioned Cross Appeals Are Filed By The Assessee & Revenue Against Three Separate Orders Of Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals)-30, New Delhi [“Ld. Cit(A) In Short”] U/S 250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 [“The Act In Short”], All Are Dated 24.02.2025 Against The Orders Of The Assessing Officer U/S 153A R.W.S Ita Nos.2871 To 2873/Del/2025 Surender Gupta Vs. Dcit 143(3) Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (“The Act” For Short) For Assessment Years 2018-19, 2019-20 & 2020-21 Respectively.

Section 127Section 139(1)Section 153ASection 153DSection 250

made with the assessee. Also, the assessee during the course of assessment proceedings failed to discharge the burden of proving their creditworthiness and genuineness of the transactions. 2. Whether on facts and circumstances of the case and in law, the Ld. CIT(A)-30, New Delhi has erred