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“genuineness of the transaction”

Cash Credits & Unexplained ItemsSection 68Section 685,938 judgments

The decision most relied on for genuineness of the transaction is Sumati Dayal v. CIT (214 ITR 801), cited in 1,967 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on genuineness of the transaction

Sumati Dayal v. CIT
214 ITR 801 · 1995 · Supreme Court
1,967
citing judgments

The Revenue is entitled to look behind the apparent form of a transaction to discover its true nature, applying the test of human probabilities and surrounding circumstances. If transactions defy logic or are unnatural, they can be treated as bogus, even if supported by some documentation, especially in cases of cash credits or unexplained investments.

CIT v. Durga Prasad More
82 ITR 540 · 1971 · Supreme Court
1,579
citing judgments

Tax authorities must judge evidence using the test of human probabilities and consider the apparent as real until there are reasons to believe it is not. They can rely on circumstantial evidence and the preponderance of probabilities to determine the genuineness of transactions.

CIT v. Orissa Corporation Pvt. Ltd.
159 ITR 78 · 1986 · Supreme Court
897
citing judgments

When an assessee provides the identity and address of a creditor or investor for a cash credit or share capital under Section 68, the burden shifts to the Department to establish lack of genuineness or creditworthiness, requiring it to conduct further inquiries; mere non-compliance by third parties to summons cannot be the sole basis for an adverse inference against the assessee.

CIT v. Lovely Exports (P) Ltd.
216 CTR 195 · 2008 · Supreme Court
854
citing judgments

If an assessee company receives share application money from alleged bogus shareholders and provides their details to the Assessing Officer, no addition can be made under Section 68 in the company's hands; the Department must proceed against the shareholders by reopening their individual assessments.

McDowell & Co. Ltd. v. CTO
154 ITR 148 · 1985 · Supreme Court
741
citing judgments

The Supreme Court held that while legitimate tax planning is permissible, transactions structured as a "colourable device" or "subterfuge" solely to avoid tax are impermissible. It mandates a judicial shift to look beyond the form to the substance of a transaction, allowing the lifting of the corporate veil in tax evasion arrangements.

(Central)-1 v. NRA Iron & Steel (P) Ltd.
103 Taxmann.com 48 · 2019 · Supreme Court
696
citing judgments

When assessing cash credits, share capital, or loans, the assessee bears the onus to prove the identity, creditworthiness, and genuineness of transactions. This burden is not discharged merely by documentary evidence if field inquiries reveal accommodation entries or dealings with paper/shell companies.

Kale Khan Mohammad Hanif v. CIT
50 ITR 1 · 1963 · Supreme Court
581
citing judgments

The assessee bears the onus of proving the source and nature of any sum of money or receipt found to have been received by them. If the assessee fails to satisfactorily explain the receipt, the Income-tax Officer is entitled to treat it as taxable income.

Umacharan Shaw & Bros. v. CIT
37 ITR 271 · 1959 · Supreme Court
567
citing judgments

An income tax assessment or addition cannot be sustained solely on the basis of suspicion, surmises, or conjectures, as strong suspicion does not amount to proof. The revenue authorities must rely on concrete evidence and material to frame an assessment.

Judgments citing genuineness of the transaction

Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, Central Circle-25, New Delhi, Delhi vs. Bijwasan Realty One Private Limited, Delhi

Appeal of the Revenue is dismissed being devoid of any merit

ITA 7131/DEL/2025[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi02 Jan 2026AY 2018-19

Bench: Shri Vikas Awasthyआअसं.7131/धिल्ली/2025 (नि.व. 2018-19) Assistant Commissioner Of Income Tax, Central Circle-25, R.No 317, 3Rd Floor, Ara Centre, ...... अपीलार्थी/Appellant Jhandewalan Extn. Delhi 110055 बिाम Vs. Bijwasan Realty One P. Ltd., 85A, Rishy Amook, Panchkuian Road, New Delhi 110001 ..... प्रनिवादी/Respondent Pan: Aafcr-3144-L अपीलार्थी द्वारा/Appellant By : Shri Manoj Kumar, Sr. Dr प्रधििािीद्वारा/Respondent By : Shri Abhishek Jain, Chartered Accountant & Ms. Sunidhi Sharma, Advocate सुिवाई की निथर्थ/ Date Of Hearing : 15/12/2025 घोषणा की निथर्थ/ Date Of Pronouncement : 02/01/2026 आदेश/Order Per Vikas Awasthy, Jm: This Appeal By The Revenue Is Directed Against The Order Of Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals)-29, New Delhi [In Short ‘The Cit(A)’] Dated 16.07.2025, For Assessment Year 2018-19. 2. The Appeal Is Time Barred By 7 Days. The Revenue Has Filed An Application Citing Reasons For Delay In Filing Of Appeal. After Perusal Of The Same, I Am Satisfied That Delay In Filing Of Appeal Is Not Intentional, The Delay Has Been Caused For The Reasons Stated In Application Which Appears To Be Bonafide. Considering The 2 Explanation Furnished By The Department, Delay Of 7 Days In Filing Of Appeal Is Condoned & Appeal Is Taken Up For Adjudication On Merits.

For Appellant: Shri Manoj Kumar, Sr. DRFor Respondent: Shri Abhishek Jain, Chartered Accountant &
Section 147Section 148Section 194ASection 69C

made under section 69C of the Act holding that the assessee has discharged its onus in establishing identity & creditworthiness of creditor and genuineness of the transaction. 4. Shri Manoj Kumar, representing the department vehemently supported the assessment order and submitted that the lender was a shell entity and was engaged ... providing accommodation entries. The assessee failed to prove genuineness of the transaction and creditworthiness of the lender. 5. Both sides heard, orders of the authorities below examined. The AO had made addition of Rs.25,97,503/- u/s.69C of the Act. In respect of transaction of repayment of interest

Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, Central Circle-25, New Delhi, Delhi vs. Bans Aerosol Private Limited, Delhi

Appeal of the Revenue is dismissed being devoid of any merit

ITA 7127/DEL/2025[2018-19]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi02 Jan 2026AY 2018-19

Bench: Shri Vikas Awasthyआअसं.7127/धिल्ली/2025 (नि.व. 2018-19) Assistant Commissioner Of Income Tax, Central Circle-25, R.No 317, 3Rd Floor, Ara Centre, ...... अपीलार्थी/Appellant Jhandewalan Extn. Delhi 110055 बिाम Vs. Bans Aerosol P. Ltd., 3/110, Lalita Park, Laxmi Nagar, Delhi 110092 ..... प्रनिवादी/Respondent Pan: Aaccb-1901-C अपीलार्थी द्वारा/Appellant By : Shri Manoj Kumar, Sr. Dr प्रधििािीद्वारा/Respondent By : Shri Akash Ojha, Advocate (Through Vc) सुिवाई की निथर्थ/ Date Of Hearing : 15/12/2025 घोषणा की निथर्थ/ Date Of Pronouncement : 02/01/2026 आदेश/Order Per Vikas Awasthy, Jm: This Appeal By The Revenue Is Directed Against The Order Of Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals)-29, Delhi [In Short ‘The Cit(A)’] Dated 07.07.2025, For Assessment Year 2018-19. 2. The Appeal Is Time Barred By 7 Days. The Revenue Has Filed An Application Citing Reasons For Delay In Filing Of Appeal. After Perusal Of Same, I Am Satisfied That Delay In Filing Of Appeal Is Not Intentional, The Delay Has Been Caused For The Reasons Stated In Application Which Appears To Be Bonafide. Considering The Explanation Furnished By The Department, Delay Of 7 Days In Filing Of Appeal Is Condoned & Appeal Is Taken Up For Adjudication On Merits.

For Appellant: Shri Manoj Kumar, Sr. DRFor Respondent: Shri Akash Ojha, Advocate (Through VC)
Section 133(6)Section 144BSection 147Section 148ASection 68Section 69C

from M/s Sirsa Deposits and Advances Pvt. Ltd. during FY 2017-18. To prove creditworthiness and identity of the lender and genuineness of the transaction, the assessee furnished following documents before the authorities below:- • Copy of Income Tax Return (ITR) for the F.Y. 2017-18 of the appellant; • Copy

Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax, Central Circle 3(3), Mumbai vs. Abu Jani Sandeep Khosla, Mumbai

In the result, the appeal of revenue is dismissed

ITA 2530/MUM/2025[2017-18]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai31 Dec 2025AY 2017-18

Bench: Shri Pawan Singh & Ms. Padmavathy S.(Physical Hearing) Abu Jani Sandeep Khosla, Dcit, Central Circle 3(3), Gala No. 22 A Block, 1St Floor, Room No. 1923, 19Th Floor, Vs Ghanshyam Industrial Estate, Air India Building, Veera Desai Road, Andheri West, Nariman Point, Mumbai Mumbai-400058 Pan: Aaafa 2341 Q Appellant / Assessee Respondent / Revenue Dcit, Central Circle 3(3), Abu Jani Sandeep Khosla, Room No.404, 4Th Floor, Vs Gala No. 22 A Block, 1St Floor, Kautilya Bhawan, Ghanshyam Industrial Estate, Bandra Kurla Complex, Veera Desai Road, Andheri Mumbai-400051 West, Mumbai-400058 Pan: Aaafa 2341 Q Appellant / Assessee Respondent / Revenue

Section 254(1)Section 40A(3)Section 68

ledger account, bank statement of the assessee are self-serving document and are not sufficient to prove the creditworthy of the lender and genuineness of the transaction. The assessee has not discharged its onus on providing these documents; thus, the assessee cannot raise the plea that AO ought to have ... also held that even during the appellate proceeding, the assessee has not furnished any document in support of creditworthiness of the lender and genuineness of the transaction, Hence, it was concluded that there is no infirmity in the order of AO officer in making the addition of unsecured loan under

Vaibhav Nandkishor Patil, Navi Mumbai vs. Income-Tax Officer 3 (4), Kalyan, Thane District

Appeal of the assessee is allowed

ITA 1672/MUM/2025[2011-12]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai31 Dec 2025AY 2011-12

Bench: Shri Pawan Singh & Shri Girish Agrawalassessment Year: 2011-12 Vaibhav Nandkishor Patil, Income Tax Officer 3 (4), Kalyan, C-602, Patel Heritage, Mumbai Sector, Kharghar Maharashtra -421301 Vs. Mumbai Maharastra-410210 (Pan: Amxpp0196M) (Appellant) (Respondent) Present For: Assessee : Shri Mehul Shah, Ca Revenue : Shri Praveen Salunkhe, Sr. Dr Date Of Hearing : 13.10.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 31.12.2025 O R D E R Per Girish Agrawal: This Appeal Filed By The Assessee Is Against The Order Of Addl/Jcit(A), Panchkula, Vide Order No. Itba/Apl/S/250/2024- 25/1073638541(1), Dated 24.02.2025, Passed U/S. 250 Of The Income- Tax Act, 1961 (Hereinafter Referred To As The “Act”) Against The Assessment Order U/S. 143(3) R.W.S. 147 By Ito Ward 3(2), Kalyan, Dated 23.02.2015, For Assessment Year 2011-12. 2. Grounds Taken By The Assessee Are Reproduced As Under: 1. On The Facts & In Circumstances Of The Case & In Law, Learned Commissioner Of Income-Tax (Appeal) Erred In Upholding Action Of The Assessing Officer In Disallowing The Entire Alleged Bogus Purchases Of Rs.15,47,224 Without Making Any Independent Inquiry By Treating The Purchases As Bogus In Nature On Mere Suspicion That The Parties Were Listed On Website Of Mvat

For Appellant: Shri Mehul Shah, CAFor Respondent: Shri Praveen Salunkhe, Sr. DR
Section 133(6)Section 142(1)Section 143(3)Section 148Section 250

element in such alleged purchases. It was also submitted that assessee has established the identity, credit worthiness of the supplier, as well as genuineness of the transaction. In this respect, reference was made to the MVAT Registration Certificate which identifies the supplier. To further establish the credit worthiness and genuineness