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“estimation of income”

Assessment ProceduresSection 145Section 1453,061 judgments

The decision most relied on for estimation of income is CIT v. Simit P. Sheth (356 ITR 451), cited in 1,465 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on estimation of income

CIT v. Simit P. Sheth
356 ITR 451 · 2013 · High Court
1,465
citing judgments

When purchases are unproved or presumed to be from the grey market, the entire amount of such purchases should not be disallowed; instead, income can be estimated by applying a reasonable gross profit rate to the unaccounted sales or turnover, especially in assessments arising from search proceedings involving seized documents.

Rotork Controls India Pvt. Ltd. v. CIT
314 ITR 62 · 2009 · Supreme Court
739
citing judgments

A provision for expenses, such as warranty, is a deductible liability for income tax purposes if it constitutes a present obligation arising from past events, and a reliable estimate of the amount of obligation is possible.

Sanjay Oilcake Industries v. CIT
316 ITR 274 · 2009 · High Court
460
citing judgments

In cases of alleged bogus or unverifiable purchases, rather than disallowing the entire purchase value, a reasonable profit element or a proportionate percentage of the purchases should be added back to the assessee's income.

Kachwala Gems v. JCIT
288 ITR 10 · 2007 · Supreme Court
332
citing judgments

In a best judgment assessment, some guesswork is inherent, but the estimate must be fair and not arbitrary. Books of account can be rejected under Section 145(3) if the assessee fails to substantiate entries or prove the genuineness of transactions, leading to estimation of income.

CIT v. Devi Prasad Vishwanath Prasad
72 ITR 194 · 1969 · Supreme Court
272
citing judgments

If there is an unexplained cash credit, the Assessing Officer can treat it as the assessee's income, even when the income is finalized on an estimation basis, without proving its specific source. The onus then shifts to the assessee to prove that the income represented by the cash credit has already been taxed.

Commissioner of Sales Tax v. H.M. Esufali H.M. Abdulali
90 ITR 271 · 1973 · Supreme Court
232
citing judgments

The Supreme Court established principles for best judgment assessments, stating that some guesswork is inevitable but the assessment must be bona fide, rational, and free from bias or capriciousness. An appellate authority cannot substitute its judgment for that of the Assessing Officer unless the AO's assessment is shown to be biased, irrational, vindictive, or capricious, especially when the assessee fails to provide proper accounts or counter-evidence.

CIT v. Balchand Ajit Kumar
263 ITR 610 · 2003 · High Court
212
citing judgments

When making an addition for unaccounted receipts, on-money, or non-genuine purchases/sales, the addition should be restricted to the estimated profit element embedded in such transactions, rather than the entire gross amount, particularly when evidence of corresponding expenditure is incomplete. This estimation often involves applying a net profit rate.

Harigopal Singh v. CIT
258 ITR 85 · 2002 · High Court
203
citing judgments

Penalty under section 271(1)(c) cannot be levied when an addition to income is made on an estimated basis without concrete evidence of concealment or furnishing inaccurate particulars of income. The provisions of section 271(1)(c) are not attracted to cases where income is assessed on an estimate basis.

Judgments citing estimation of income

Silburn Papers Pvt. Ltd., Delhi vs. ITO, Ward- 23(4), New Delhi

In the result, the appeal filed by the assessees is partly allowed

ITA 3552/DEL/2018[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi07 Aug 2020AY 2013-14

Bench: Shri R.K. Panda & Shri Sudhanshu Srivastavaassessment Year: 2013-14 Silburn Papers Pvt. Ltd., Vs Ito, Bm-125, West Shalimar Bagh, Ward-23(4), New Delhi. New Delhi. Pan: Aapcs5300R (Appellant) (Respondent) Assessee By : Shri P.C. Yadav, Advocate Revenue By : Shri Saras Kumar, Sr. Dr Date Of Hearing : 28.07.2020 Date Of Pronouncement : 07.08.2020 Order Per R.K. Panda, Am: This Appeal Filed By The Assessee Is Directed Against The Order Dated 16Th March, 2018 Of The Cit(A)-28, New Delhi Relating To Assessment Year 2013-14. 2. Although A Number Of Grounds Have Been Raised By The Assessee, These All Relate To The Order Of The Cit(A) In Sustaining The Addition Of Rs.1,43,88,769/- As Against Addition Of Rs.1,55,39,870/- Made By The Ao By Directing The Ao To Adopt The Gp Rate Of 25% As Against 30% Taken By Him. 3. Facts Of The Case, In Brief, Are That The Assessee Is A Company Engaged In The Business Of Wholesale Trading In Paper, Paper Board, Corrugated Board, Binding Material & Packing Material, Etc. It Filed Its Return Of Income On 4Th September

For Appellant: Shri P.C. Yadav, AdvocateFor Respondent: Shri Saras Kumar, Sr. DR
Section 131Section 133(6)Section 145(3)

history of the assessee or history of the similarly situated other businessmen has to be considered as a proper and reasonable basis for estimation of income. Referring to the decision of the Hon’ble Punjab & Haryana High Court in the case of CIT vs. Rajinder Prashad Jain ... current year. The rejection of books of account by invoking the provisions of section 145(3) of the Act shall lead to the estimation of income of the assessee based on some reasonable and proper criteria. The relevant observation of the Tribunal at para 14 reads as under