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“unexplained cash credit”

Cash Credits & Unexplained ItemsSection 68Section 687,118 judgments

The decision most relied on for unexplained cash credit is Sumati Dayal v. CIT (214 ITR 801), cited in 1,967 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on unexplained cash credit

Sumati Dayal v. CIT
214 ITR 801 · 1995 · Supreme Court
1,967
citing judgments

The Revenue is entitled to look behind the apparent form of a transaction to discover its true nature, applying the test of human probabilities and surrounding circumstances. If transactions defy logic or are unnatural, they can be treated as bogus, even if supported by some documentation, especially in cases of cash credits or unexplained investments.

CIT v. Orissa Corporation Pvt. Ltd.
159 ITR 78 · 1986 · Supreme Court
897
citing judgments

When an assessee provides the identity and address of a creditor or investor for a cash credit or share capital under Section 68, the burden shifts to the Department to establish lack of genuineness or creditworthiness, requiring it to conduct further inquiries; mere non-compliance by third parties to summons cannot be the sole basis for an adverse inference against the assessee.

(Central)-1 v. NRA Iron & Steel (P) Ltd.
103 Taxmann.com 48 · 2019 · Supreme Court
696
citing judgments

When assessing cash credits, share capital, or loans, the assessee bears the onus to prove the identity, creditworthiness, and genuineness of transactions. This burden is not discharged merely by documentary evidence if field inquiries reveal accommodation entries or dealings with paper/shell companies.

Commissioner of Income Tax v. Nova Promoters and Finlease (P) Ltd.
342 ITR 169 · 2012 · High Court
658
citing judgments

To make an addition under Section 68 for unexplained cash credits, the Assessing Officer must conduct proper inquiry into the identity, genuineness, and creditworthiness of the creditor, especially concerning share application money. The assessee's initial discharge of burden by providing necessary details shifts the onus back to the AO for further investigation, including the source of source.

Kale Khan Mohammad Hanif v. CIT
50 ITR 1 · 1963 · Supreme Court
581
citing judgments

The assessee bears the onus of proving the source and nature of any sum of money or receipt found to have been received by them. If the assessee fails to satisfactorily explain the receipt, the Income-tax Officer is entitled to treat it as taxable income.

Lalchand Bhagat Ambica Ram v. CIT
37 ITR 288 · 1959 · Supreme Court
570
citing judgments

Where an assessee maintains regular books of account, and these books are not rejected or found defective by the Assessing Officer, any cash deposits or available cash shown in the cash book, if sufficient to cover the transaction, cannot be treated as unexplained income or an addition under sections 68 or 69A.

CIT v. Daulat Ram Rawatmull
87 ITR 349 · 1973 · Supreme Court
525
citing judgments

The onus to prove that an apparent transaction or explanation is not real lies with the person who claims it to be so. If an assessee provides a plausible explanation for a transaction, the revenue must establish that the apparent transaction is not genuine.

CIT v. P. Mohanakala
291 ITR 278 · 2007 · Supreme Court
525
citing judgments

The Supreme Court emphasized that in the absence of concrete rebuttal by the assessee, circumstantial evidence holds significant weight, applying the doctrine of preponderance of probability, particularly when assessing undisclosed income or unexplained cash credits.

Judgments citing unexplained cash credit

ITO, Patiala vs. Sh. Kamalpreet Singh, Patiala

Appeal stands dismissed

ITA 225/CHANDI/2015[2009-10]Status: DisposedITAT Chandigarh04 Sept 2025AY 2009-10

Bench: Hon’Ble Shri Laliet Kumar, Jm & Hon’Ble Shri Manoj Kumar Aggarwal, Am 1. आयकरअपीलसं./ Ita No.224/Chandi/2015 (िनधा"रणवष" / Assessment Year: 2009-10) Acit-Circle Patiala Shri Balwinder Singh Patiala. Prop. M/S M.P. Traders बनाम/ Vs. (Represented By L/R Shri Simranpal Singh) # 986/3 Dhobi Ghat, Patiala. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Acrps-5840-M (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (""थ" / Respondent) & 2. Co. No.13/Chandi/2015 [In Ita No.224/Chandi/2015] (िनधा"रणवष" / Assessment Year: 2009-10) Shri Balwinder Singh Acit-Ward-1 बनाम/ Prop. M/S M.P. Traders Patiala. (Represented By L/R Shri Simranpal Singh) Vs. # 986/3 Dhobi Ghat, Patiala. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Acrps-5840-M (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (""थ" / Respondent) & 3. आयकरअपीलसं./ Ita No.225/Chandi/2015 (िनधा"रणवष" / Assessment Year: 2009-10) Acit-Circle Patiala Shri Kamalpreet Singh बनाम/ Vs. Patiala. Prop. M/S Saran Enterprises 4, Dlf Shopping Complex, Patiala. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Acbps-1831-N (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (""थ" / Respondent)

For Appellant: Shri Tejmohan Singh (Advocate) – Ld. ARFor Respondent: Smt. Kusum Bansal (CIT) – Ld. DR
Section 120(1)Section 133ASection 143(2)Section 143(3)

assessee against purchases and in such a case, provisions of Sec.68 would have no application. These provisions would apply only when there is unexplained cash credit which is not the case here. These creditors represent payables against purchase of trading goods by the assessee. Further, these creditors have duly been

ITO, Patiala vs. Sh. Balwinder Singh, Patiala

Appeal stands dismissed

ITA 224/CHANDI/2015[2009-10]Status: DisposedITAT Chandigarh04 Sept 2025AY 2009-10

Bench: Hon’Ble Shri Laliet Kumar, Jm & Hon’Ble Shri Manoj Kumar Aggarwal, Am 1. आयकरअपीलसं./ Ita No.224/Chandi/2015 (िनधा"रणवष" / Assessment Year: 2009-10) Acit-Circle Patiala Shri Balwinder Singh Patiala. Prop. M/S M.P. Traders बनाम/ Vs. (Represented By L/R Shri Simranpal Singh) # 986/3 Dhobi Ghat, Patiala. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Acrps-5840-M (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (""थ" / Respondent) & 2. Co. No.13/Chandi/2015 [In Ita No.224/Chandi/2015] (िनधा"रणवष" / Assessment Year: 2009-10) Shri Balwinder Singh Acit-Ward-1 बनाम/ Prop. M/S M.P. Traders Patiala. (Represented By L/R Shri Simranpal Singh) Vs. # 986/3 Dhobi Ghat, Patiala. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Acrps-5840-M (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (""थ" / Respondent) & 3. आयकरअपीलसं./ Ita No.225/Chandi/2015 (िनधा"रणवष" / Assessment Year: 2009-10) Acit-Circle Patiala Shri Kamalpreet Singh बनाम/ Vs. Patiala. Prop. M/S Saran Enterprises 4, Dlf Shopping Complex, Patiala. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Acbps-1831-N (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (""थ" / Respondent)

For Appellant: Shri Tejmohan Singh (Advocate) – Ld. ARFor Respondent: Smt. Kusum Bansal (CIT) – Ld. DR
Section 120(1)Section 133ASection 143(2)Section 143(3)

assessee against purchases and in such a case, provisions of Sec.68 would have no application. These provisions would apply only when there is unexplained cash credit which is not the case here. These creditors represent payables against purchase of trading goods by the assessee. Further, these creditors have duly been

Sh. Kamalpreet Singh, Patiala vs. ACIT, Patiala

Appeal stands dismissed

ITA 185/CHANDI/2015[2009-10]Status: DisposedITAT Chandigarh04 Sept 2025AY 2009-10

Bench: Hon’Ble Shri Laliet Kumar, Jm & Hon’Ble Shri Manoj Kumar Aggarwal, Am 1. आयकरअपीलसं./ Ita No.224/Chandi/2015 (िनधा"रणवष" / Assessment Year: 2009-10) Acit-Circle Patiala Shri Balwinder Singh Patiala. Prop. M/S M.P. Traders बनाम/ Vs. (Represented By L/R Shri Simranpal Singh) # 986/3 Dhobi Ghat, Patiala. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Acrps-5840-M (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (""थ" / Respondent) & 2. Co. No.13/Chandi/2015 [In Ita No.224/Chandi/2015] (िनधा"रणवष" / Assessment Year: 2009-10) Shri Balwinder Singh Acit-Ward-1 बनाम/ Prop. M/S M.P. Traders Patiala. (Represented By L/R Shri Simranpal Singh) Vs. # 986/3 Dhobi Ghat, Patiala. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Acrps-5840-M (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (""थ" / Respondent) & 3. आयकरअपीलसं./ Ita No.225/Chandi/2015 (िनधा"रणवष" / Assessment Year: 2009-10) Acit-Circle Patiala Shri Kamalpreet Singh बनाम/ Vs. Patiala. Prop. M/S Saran Enterprises 4, Dlf Shopping Complex, Patiala. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Acbps-1831-N (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (""थ" / Respondent)

For Appellant: Shri Tejmohan Singh (Advocate) – Ld. ARFor Respondent: Smt. Kusum Bansal (CIT) – Ld. DR
Section 120(1)Section 133ASection 143(2)Section 143(3)

assessee against purchases and in such a case, provisions of Sec.68 would have no application. These provisions would apply only when there is unexplained cash credit which is not the case here. These creditors represent payables against purchase of trading goods by the assessee. Further, these creditors have duly been

Arumugam Pavalakkodi, Villupuram vs. ITO, Ward-2, Villupuram

In the result the appeal of the assessee is allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 1822/CHNY/2025[2011-12]Status: DisposedITAT Chennai03 Sept 2025AY 2011-12

Bench: Hon’Ble Shri Manu Kumar Giri & Hon’Ble Shri Amitabh Shuklaआयकर अपील सं./Ita No.1822/Chny/2025 Assessment Years: 2011-12 Arumugam Pavalakkodi, Income Tax Officer, No.76 Salem Main Road, Chinnasalem, Ward-2, Kallakkurichi, Villupuram, Villupuram. Tamil Nadu-606 201. [Pan: Brupp8511R] (प्रत्यर्थी/Respondent) (अपीलार्थी/Appellant) अपीलार्थी की ओर से/ Assessee By : Mr.S.Sridhar, Advocate. प्रत्यर्थी की ओर से /Revenue By : Shri Veeramany K, Irs सुनवाई की तारीख/Date Of Hearing : 25.08.2025 घोषणा की तारीख /Date Of Pronouncement : 03.09.2025 आदेश / O R D E R Per Amitabh Shukla, A.M : This Appeal Is Filed By The Assessee Against The Order Bearing Din & Order No.Itba / Nfac / S / 250 / 2022-23 / 1051051140(1) Dated 21.03.2023 Of The Learned Commissioner Of Income Tax [Herein After “Cit(A), National Faceless Appeal Center[Nfac], Delhi, For The Assessment Year 2011-12. The Reference To The Word “Act” In This Order Hereinafter Shall Mean The Income Tax Act, 1961 As Amended From Time To Time.

For Appellant: Mr.S.Sridhar, AdvocateFor Respondent: Shri Veeramany K, IRS

assessee. It was submitted that the only issue under consideration is an addition of Rs.1,62,70,626/- on account of unexplained cash credits in assessee’s bank account. The impugned addition was made by the Ld.AO for want of any submission and details Page - 2 - of 5 ITA No.1822

DCIT CC-1, Ludhiana vs. M/S Oswal Fashion (P) Ltd., G.T.Road (West), Jalandhar Bye Pass, Ludhiana

The appeal stand dismissed

ITA 1020/CHANDI/2019[2011-12]Status: DisposedITAT Chandigarh02 Sept 2025AY 2011-12

Bench: Hon’Ble Shri Rajpal Yadav & Hon’Ble Shri Manoj Kumar Aggarwal, Am आयकरअपीलसं./ Ita No.1020/Chandi/2019 (िनधा"रणवष" / Assessment Year: 2011-12 Dcit M/S Oswal Fashion (P) Limited बनाम/ Central Circle -1 G.T. Road (West) Ludhiana. Jalandhar Bye Pass, Vs. Ludhiana-141001. "थायीलेखासं./जीआइआरसं./Pan/Gir No. Aaaco-2183-R (अपीलाथ"/Appellant) : (""थ" / Respondent) अपीलाथ"कीओरAppellant By : Shri Arvind Kumar (Cit) – Ld. Dr ""थ"कीओरसे/Respondent By : Shri Gaurav Sharma (Ca)– Ld. Ar सुनवाईकीतारीख/Date Of Hearing : 25-08-2025 घोषणाकीतारीख /Date Of Pronouncement : 02-09-2025 आदेश / O R D E R Manoj Kumar Aggarwal () 1. Aforesaid Appeal By Revenue For Assessment Year (Ay) 2011-12 Arises Out Of An Order Of Learned Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals)-5, Ludhiana [Cit(A)] Dated 05-04-2019 In The Matter Of An Assessment Framed By Ld. Assessing Officer (Ao) U/S 143(3) / 153A Of The Act On 30-03-2015. The Sole Issue That Arises For Our Consideration Is Addition Of Rs.5 Crores As Made By Ld. Ao In The Assessment Order.

For Appellant: Shri Arvind Kumar (CIT) – Ld. DRFor Respondent: Shri Gaurav Sharma (CA)– Ld. AR
Section 143(3)Section 68

identity, genuineness and creditworthiness of these entities and accordingly, added the sale consideration so received by the assessee for Rs.5 Crores as unexplained cash credit u/s 68. 3. The Ld. CIT(A) rendered factual findings that the assessee had duly declared the purchase and sale consideration in the books