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“unexplained cash credit”

Cash Credits & Unexplained ItemsSection 68Section 687,118 judgments

The decision most relied on for unexplained cash credit is Sumati Dayal v. CIT (214 ITR 801), cited in 1,967 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on unexplained cash credit

Sumati Dayal v. CIT
214 ITR 801 · 1995 · Supreme Court
1,967
citing judgments

The Revenue is entitled to look behind the apparent form of a transaction to discover its true nature, applying the test of human probabilities and surrounding circumstances. If transactions defy logic or are unnatural, they can be treated as bogus, even if supported by some documentation, especially in cases of cash credits or unexplained investments.

CIT v. Orissa Corporation Pvt. Ltd.
159 ITR 78 · 1986 · Supreme Court
897
citing judgments

When an assessee provides the identity and address of a creditor or investor for a cash credit or share capital under Section 68, the burden shifts to the Department to establish lack of genuineness or creditworthiness, requiring it to conduct further inquiries; mere non-compliance by third parties to summons cannot be the sole basis for an adverse inference against the assessee.

(Central)-1 v. NRA Iron & Steel (P) Ltd.
103 Taxmann.com 48 · 2019 · Supreme Court
696
citing judgments

When assessing cash credits, share capital, or loans, the assessee bears the onus to prove the identity, creditworthiness, and genuineness of transactions. This burden is not discharged merely by documentary evidence if field inquiries reveal accommodation entries or dealings with paper/shell companies.

Commissioner of Income Tax v. Nova Promoters and Finlease (P) Ltd.
342 ITR 169 · 2012 · High Court
658
citing judgments

To make an addition under Section 68 for unexplained cash credits, the Assessing Officer must conduct proper inquiry into the identity, genuineness, and creditworthiness of the creditor, especially concerning share application money. The assessee's initial discharge of burden by providing necessary details shifts the onus back to the AO for further investigation, including the source of source.

Kale Khan Mohammad Hanif v. CIT
50 ITR 1 · 1963 · Supreme Court
581
citing judgments

The assessee bears the onus of proving the source and nature of any sum of money or receipt found to have been received by them. If the assessee fails to satisfactorily explain the receipt, the Income-tax Officer is entitled to treat it as taxable income.

Lalchand Bhagat Ambica Ram v. CIT
37 ITR 288 · 1959 · Supreme Court
570
citing judgments

Where an assessee maintains regular books of account, and these books are not rejected or found defective by the Assessing Officer, any cash deposits or available cash shown in the cash book, if sufficient to cover the transaction, cannot be treated as unexplained income or an addition under sections 68 or 69A.

CIT v. Daulat Ram Rawatmull
87 ITR 349 · 1973 · Supreme Court
525
citing judgments

The onus to prove that an apparent transaction or explanation is not real lies with the person who claims it to be so. If an assessee provides a plausible explanation for a transaction, the revenue must establish that the apparent transaction is not genuine.

CIT v. P. Mohanakala
291 ITR 278 · 2007 · Supreme Court
525
citing judgments

The Supreme Court emphasized that in the absence of concrete rebuttal by the assessee, circumstantial evidence holds significant weight, applying the doctrine of preponderance of probability, particularly when assessing undisclosed income or unexplained cash credits.

Judgments citing unexplained cash credit

DCIT, Central Circle-4(3), Kolkata vs. Ashok Kumar Kayan, Kolkata

In the result, the appeal of the revenue is allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 1757/KOL/2025[2010-11]Status: DisposedITAT Kolkata18 Dec 2025AY 2010-11

Bench: Shri Rajesh Kumar & Shri Pradip Kumar Choubeyassessment Year: 2010-11 Dcit, Central Circle-4(3), Kolkata……...…………….……….……….……Appellant Vs. Ashok Kumar Kayan……………………………………….....……...…..…..Respondent 1, R N Mukherjee Road, Dalhousie, Kol-1.. [Pan: Alkpk2298K] Appearances By: Pradeep Dung Dung, Sr. Dr, Appeared On Behalf Of The Appellant. Miraj D Shah, Ar, Appeared On Behalf Of The Respondent. Date Of Concluding The Hearing : December 04, 2025 Date Of Pronouncing The Order : December 18, 2025 Order Per Pradip Kumar Choubey: The Present Appeal Has Been Preferred By The Revenue Against The Order Dated 23.07.2024 Of The Cit(A)-27, Kolkata [Hereinafter Referred To As ‘Cit(A)’] Passed U/S 250 Of The Income Tax Act (Hereinafter Referred To As The ‘Act’). 2. The Appeal Has Been Filed By The Revenue With A Delay Of 04 Days. The Revenue Has Filed A Petition For Condonation Of The Delay. After Considering The Reasons Cited In The Petition For Condonation Of Delay, We Find That The Reasons Are Valid & Consequently, The Delay In Filing The Appeal Is Hereby Condoned & We Proceed To Dispose Of The Appeal On Merits.

Section 139(1)Section 147Section 148Section 250Section 68

assessment order u/s 147 r.w.s 144 of the Act determining a total Income of Rs.2,24,94,270/- by making an addition of Unexplained cash credit u/s 68 of the Act of Rs.2,17,00,000/-. 4. Aggrieved by the said order, the assessee preferred appeal before

Bongaon Co-Operative Credit Society Limited, Bongaon vs. DCIT, Circle 32, Kolkata

In the result, the appeal of the assessee is allowed

ITA 1371/KOL/2025[2022-2023]Status: DisposedITAT Kolkata18 Dec 2025AY 2022-2023

Bench: Shri Rajesh Kumar & Shri Pradip Kumar Choubeyassessment Year: 2022-23 Bongaon Cooperative Credit Society Ltd..…………….……….……….……Appellant First Floor, Banerjee Market Jessore Road, Bongaon, Dist: North 24 Parganas, W.B - 743235.. [Pan: Aaaab6325N] Vs. Dcit, Circle-32, Kolkata….…………...…………………….....……...…..…..Respondent Appearances By: S. Ghosh, Ca, Appeared On Behalf Of The Appellant. Ruchika Sharma, Sr. Dr, Appeared On Behalf Of The Respondent. Date Of Concluding The Hearing : December 04, 2025 Date Of Pronouncing The Order : December 18, 2025 Order Per Pradip Kumar Choubey: The Present Appeal Has Been Preferred By The Assessee Against The Order Dated 26.05.2025 Of The National Faceless Appeal Centre [Hereinafter Referred To As ‘Cit(A)’] Passed U/S 250 Of The Income Tax Act (Hereinafter Referred To As The ‘Act’). 2. Brief Facts Of The Case Are That The Assessee Filed Its Return Of Income For The Year Under Consideration On 28.08.2022 Declaring Nil Income After Claiming Deduction U/S 80P Of The Act Of Rs.25,75,431.98/- . The Case Of The Assessee Was Selected For Scrutiny Through Cass. The Assessment Was Completed Vide Order U/S 143(3) R.W.S. 144B Of The Act Dated 15.03.2024 Determining Total Income At Rs.71,81,740/- By Disallowing Deduction U/S 80P Of The Act With Regard To The Interest Income Received From Banks. Bongaon Cooperative Credit Society Ltd 3. Aggrieved By The Said Order, The Assessee Preferred Appeal Before The Ld. Cit(A) Wherein The Appeal Of The Assessee Has Been Dismissed.

Section 143(3)Section 250Section 68Section 80PSection 80P(2)(d)

carefully considered the rival submissions and also gone through the authorities relied on by either side. Regarding the addition made on account of unexplained cash credit the reliance placed on the case of Sri Bhageeratha Pattina Sahakara Sangha Niyamitha (supra) is acceptable considering that the facts are remarkably similar

Priyanka Lalitkumar Raizada, Mumbai vs. DCIT Circle 42(3)(1), Mumbai

In the result, appeal of the assessee is allowed

ITA 4379/MUM/2025[2014-15]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai18 Dec 2025AY 2014-15

Bench: Shri Sandeep Gosain & Shri Girish Agrawalpriyanka Lalitkumar Raizada Vs Dcit Circle 42(3)(1), C/O Ca Himanshu Gandhi, 16Th Mumbai Floor, D Wing, Trade World Kautilya Bhavan, Bandra Building, Kamala Mills Compound, Kurla Complex, Bandra Lower Parel, Mumbai 400013 East, Mumbai 400051 Pan: (Aekpr3350J) Appellant Respondent Present For: Appellant By : Shri Himanshu Gandhi, Ca Respondent By : Shri Virabhadra Mahajan, Sr. Dr (Virtually Present) Date Of Hearing : 22.09.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 18.12.2025 O R D E R Per Girish Agrawal: This Appeal Filed By The Assessee Is Against The Order Of Cit(A), National Faceless Appeal Centre (Nfac), Delhi Vide Order No. Itba/Nfac/S/250/2023-24/1058479077(1) Dated 05.12.2023 Passed Against Assessment Order U/S. 143(3) Of The Income-Tax Act, 1961 (Hereinafter Referred To As The “Act”), Dated 26.12.2016 For Ay 2014-15. 2. Grounds Taken By The Assessee Are Reproduced As Under: “1. On The Facts & Circumstances Of The Case & Law, The Ld. Cti (A) Erred In Confirming Addition Of Rs. 21,50,540/-Being Sale Proceeds Of Inherited Jewellery As Unexplained Cash Credits U/S 68 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961. 2

For Appellant: Shri Himanshu Gandhi, CAFor Respondent: Shri Virabhadra Mahajan, Sr. DR
Section 143(3)Section 234BSection 271(1)(c)Section 68

case and law, the Ld. CTI (A) erred in confirming addition of Rs. 21,50,540/-being sale proceeds of inherited jewellery as unexplained cash credits u/s 68 of the Income Tax Act, 1961. 2 ITA No.4379/MUM/2025 AY: 2014-15 Priyanka Lalitkumar Raizada 2. On the facts and circumstances ... gold ornaments. 5. Ld. AO after considering all the submissions concluded to treat the amount of sale consideration of Rs.21,50,540/- as unexplained cash credit u/s. 68 by observing that assessee could not produce documentary evidences in support of purchase of gold jewellery by his father as well

Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, Central Circle, Jamshedpur vs. Benko Traders Private Limited, Kolkata

In the result, the appeal filed by the Revenue is dismissed

ITA 436/RAN/2024[2015]Status: DisposedITAT Ranchi17 Dec 2025

Bench: Shri Sonjoy Sarma & Shri Ratnesh Nandan Sahayi.T.A. No.436/Ran/2024 Assessment Year: 2015-16 Acit, Cc, Jamshedpur…………….…….…............................……….……Appellant Vs. Benko Traders Pvt. Ltd....………...….…..….........……........……...…..…..Respondent 119, 4Th Floor, Block D, White House, Park Stree, Wb – 700016. [Pan: Aabcb1888R] Appearances By: Shri Akshay Ringasia, Ar, Appeared On Behalf Of The Appellant. Shri Khubchand T. Pandya, Sr. Dr, Appeared On Behalf Of The Respondent. Date Of Concluding The Hearing : November 07, 2025 Date Of Pronouncing The Order : December 17, 2025 Order Per Sonjoy Sarma: This Appeal By The Assessee Is Directed Against The Order Of The Learned Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals)-3, Patna For The Assessment Year 2015–16 Dated 25.09.2024 Passed U/S 250 Of The Income Tax Act (The ‘Act’). 2. Brief Facts Of The Case Are That The Assessee Filed Its Return Of Income Under Section 139 Of The Act Declaring A Total Income As Nil. The Return Was Processed Under Section 143(1). Subsequently, The Case Was Selected For Scrutiny & An Assessment Under Section 143(3) Was Completed On 28.11.2017 Determining The Total Income At ₹9,88,28,406. Based On Information Received From The Investigation Wing, Mumbai, Relating To Alleged Use Of Stock Exchange Platform (Bse/Nse) For Generating Fictitious Long-Term/Short-Term Capital Gains Through Certain Scripts & Alleged Accommodation Entries, The Assessing Officer Recorded Reasons Under Section 147 Of The Act. A Notice Under Section 148 Was Issued The Assessee Filed Its Return Declaring The Same Income

Section 139Section 143(1)Section 143(3)Section 147Section 148Section 250Section 68Section 69C

complied with. According to the AO, income of ₹1,64,60,100 representing sale proceeds of shares was to be treated as unexplained cash credit under section 68 of the Act, along with commission expenditure of ₹3,29,202 @2% under section 69C, and unsecured loans ... justified to made the addition of Rs.59,00,000/- on account of loan from shell entities treated as unexplained cash credit u/s.68 of the IT Act as it was based on surmises and conjecture. On perusal of material available on record, it is noticed that during the year under consideration