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“unexplained cash credit”

Cash Credits & Unexplained ItemsSection 68Section 687,118 judgments

The decision most relied on for unexplained cash credit is Sumati Dayal v. CIT (214 ITR 801), cited in 1,967 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on unexplained cash credit

Sumati Dayal v. CIT
214 ITR 801 · 1995 · Supreme Court
1,967
citing judgments

The Revenue is entitled to look behind the apparent form of a transaction to discover its true nature, applying the test of human probabilities and surrounding circumstances. If transactions defy logic or are unnatural, they can be treated as bogus, even if supported by some documentation, especially in cases of cash credits or unexplained investments.

CIT v. Orissa Corporation Pvt. Ltd.
159 ITR 78 · 1986 · Supreme Court
897
citing judgments

When an assessee provides the identity and address of a creditor or investor for a cash credit or share capital under Section 68, the burden shifts to the Department to establish lack of genuineness or creditworthiness, requiring it to conduct further inquiries; mere non-compliance by third parties to summons cannot be the sole basis for an adverse inference against the assessee.

(Central)-1 v. NRA Iron & Steel (P) Ltd.
103 Taxmann.com 48 · 2019 · Supreme Court
696
citing judgments

When assessing cash credits, share capital, or loans, the assessee bears the onus to prove the identity, creditworthiness, and genuineness of transactions. This burden is not discharged merely by documentary evidence if field inquiries reveal accommodation entries or dealings with paper/shell companies.

Commissioner of Income Tax v. Nova Promoters and Finlease (P) Ltd.
342 ITR 169 · 2012 · High Court
658
citing judgments

To make an addition under Section 68 for unexplained cash credits, the Assessing Officer must conduct proper inquiry into the identity, genuineness, and creditworthiness of the creditor, especially concerning share application money. The assessee's initial discharge of burden by providing necessary details shifts the onus back to the AO for further investigation, including the source of source.

Kale Khan Mohammad Hanif v. CIT
50 ITR 1 · 1963 · Supreme Court
581
citing judgments

The assessee bears the onus of proving the source and nature of any sum of money or receipt found to have been received by them. If the assessee fails to satisfactorily explain the receipt, the Income-tax Officer is entitled to treat it as taxable income.

Lalchand Bhagat Ambica Ram v. CIT
37 ITR 288 · 1959 · Supreme Court
570
citing judgments

Where an assessee maintains regular books of account, and these books are not rejected or found defective by the Assessing Officer, any cash deposits or available cash shown in the cash book, if sufficient to cover the transaction, cannot be treated as unexplained income or an addition under sections 68 or 69A.

CIT v. Daulat Ram Rawatmull
87 ITR 349 · 1973 · Supreme Court
525
citing judgments

The onus to prove that an apparent transaction or explanation is not real lies with the person who claims it to be so. If an assessee provides a plausible explanation for a transaction, the revenue must establish that the apparent transaction is not genuine.

CIT v. P. Mohanakala
291 ITR 278 · 2007 · Supreme Court
525
citing judgments

The Supreme Court emphasized that in the absence of concrete rebuttal by the assessee, circumstantial evidence holds significant weight, applying the doctrine of preponderance of probability, particularly when assessing undisclosed income or unexplained cash credits.

Judgments citing unexplained cash credit

Jaishri Shivaji Waghralkar, Mumbai vs. ITO-Ward 22(1)(6), Mumabi

In the result, appeal of the assessee is allowed for statistical purposes

ITA 6781/MUM/2025[2016-17]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai16 Feb 2026AY 2016-17

Bench: Shri Anikesh Banerjee & Shri Girish Agrawalassessment Year: 2016-17 Jaishri Shivaji Waghralkar Income Tax Officer – Ward 22(1) 102A, Dadasaheb Phalke (6), Mumbai Marg, Navin Asha Chs, Vs. Dada (East), Mumbai 400014 (Pan: Aaupw9953G) (Appellant) (Respondent) Present For: Assessee : Shri Ketan Vajani, Ca Revenue : Shri Sushil B. Shendge, Sr. Dr Date Of Hearing : 10.02.2026 Date Of Pronouncement : 16.02.2026 O R D E R Per Girish Agrawal: This Appeal Filed By The Assessee Is Against The Order Of National Faceless Appeal Centre (Nfac), Delhi, Vide Order No. Itba/Nfac/S/250/2025-26/1080005281(1), Dated 26.08.2025, Passed Against The Assessment Order By Income Tax Officer, Ward 21(1)(5), Mumbai, U/S. 143(3) Of The Income-Tax Act (Hereinafter Referred To As The “Act”), Dated 27.12.2018 For Assessment Year 2016-17. 2. Grounds Taken By Assessee Are Reproduced As Under: 1. On The Facts & In The Circumstances Of The Case, The Commissioner Of Income- Tax (Appeals) - Nfac, Hereinafter Referred To As The "Cit (A)", Has Erred In Dismissing The Appeal Of The Appellant Ex-Parte. The Appellant Respectfully Submits That The Notice Dated 10-7-2025 Remained Non-Complied Only On Account Of Non-Communication Of The Same To The Appellant. The Appellant Submits That The Cit(A) Has Erred In Passing The Appeal Order Without Any Further Notice To The Appellant.

For Appellant: Shri Ketan Vajani, CAFor Respondent: Shri Sushil B. Shendge, Sr. DR
Section 143(3)Section 68Section 69

provisions of section 69. Addition of Rs.10,40,000/- was also made towards deposit of cash in her bank account treating it as unexplained cash credit u/s. 68. In the first appeal before ld. CIT(A), assessee could not furnish any details and explanations though ample opportunities were given

JCIT(OSD)-14(1)(1), Mumbai vs. Kukreja Builders Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai

In the result, the revenue’s appeal is partly allowed in the above terms

ITA 2102/MUM/2025[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai13 Feb 2026AY 2013-14

Bench: Shri Narender Kumar Choudhry & Shri Prabhash Shankarassessment Year: 2013-14 Dcit – 14(1)(1), Mumbai M/S. Kukreja Builders Room No. 432, 4Th Floor, Pvt. Ltd. Aayakarbhavan, M.K. Road, 4 & 5Th Floor, Sai Mumbai - 400020 Commercial Building, Bks Vs. Devshi Marg., Govandi (E), Mumbai, Maharashtra– 400088 Pan: Aacck5040M (Appellant) (Respondent) Present For: Assessee By : Shri Ajay Singh & Shri Akshay Pawar, Ld. A.R. Revenue By : Shri Hemanshu Joshi, (Sr. D.R.) Date Of Hearing : 12.12.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 13.02.2026 O R D E R Per : Narender Kumar Choudhry: This Appeal Has Been Preferred By The Assessee Against The Order Dated 25.01.2025, Impugned Herein, Passed By The National Faceless Appeal Centre (Nfac)/Ld. Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals) (In Short Ld. Commissioner) U/S 250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (In Short ‘The Act’) For The A.Y. 2013-14. 2. In The Instant Case, The Assessee During The A.Y. Under Consideration Had Declared Its Total Income As Rs. 2,20,00,580/- By Filing Its Return Of Income, Which Was Initially Processed Under Section 143 Of The Act. 2 M/S. Kukreja Builders Pvt. Ltd.

For Appellant: Shri Ajay Singh & Shri AkshayFor Respondent: Shri Hemanshu Joshi, (SR. D.R.)
Section 131Section 133(6)Section 143Section 250Section 68

been satisfactorily explained by the Assessee company. 16. Thus, the Assessing Officer, ultimately, made the addition of Rs. 3,80,00,000/- as unexplained cash credit, within the meaning of Section 68 of the Act and added the same to the total income of the Assessee. 17. The Assessing Officer ... prove the creditworthiness of the mentioned parties will be served and there would not be any reason left to make the addition of unexplained cash credit u/s. 68 of the IT Act, 1961.” 20. The Ld. Commissioner by considering the grounds of appeal, statement of facts, Assessment Order