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“speculative transaction”

Losses & Set-offSection 43(5)Section 43(5)255 judgments

The decision most relied on for speculative transaction is CIT v. Badridas Gauridu (P) Ltd. (261 ITR 256), cited in 114 judgments on BharatTax.

Leading authorities on speculative transaction

CIT v. Badridas Gauridu (P) Ltd.
261 ITR 256 · 2003 · High Court
114
citing judgments

Losses incurred from foreign exchange forward contracts or derivatives, entered into to hedge currency fluctuations in the course of regular business like exports, are treated as business losses and not as speculative transactions under Section 43(5). Such contracts, when incidental to business and cover exchange rate risks, constitute a business activity.

CIT v. Punjab Stainless Steel Industries
364 ITR 144 · 2014 · Supreme Court
59
citing judgments

The Supreme Court holds that ICAI Guidance Notes and accounting methods prescribed by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) can be relied upon for computing "turnover," especially for tax audit purposes under Section 44AB and for transactions involving shares and derivatives.

CIT v. Soorajmull Nagarmull
129 ITR 169 · 1981 · High Court
55
citing judgments

Losses from foreign exchange forward contracts, when incidental to an assessee's regular business and undertaken to safeguard business interests, are treated as business losses and not speculative losses under section 43(5).

CIT v. Concord Commercial Pvt. Ltd.
95 ITD 117 · 2005 · ITAT
34
citing judgments

The aggregate of business profits and losses from derivative transactions must be worked out before applying the Explanation to Section 73 of the Income-tax Act, 1961. This means that trading of shares and derivative transactions are not considered speculative transactions under Section 43(5) for the purposes of Sections 28 to 41.

CIT v. Darshan Securities (P) Ltd.
341 ITR 556 · 2012 · High Court
27
citing judgments

A company involved in the purchase and sale of shares is deemed to be carrying on a speculative business to the extent of such transactions, unless it falls under an exception to Section 73 of the Income Tax Act.

Pankaj Oil Mills v. CIT
115 ITR 824 · 1978 · High Court
26
citing judgments

Hedging contracts related to raw materials for manufacturers are excluded from speculative transactions under Section 43(5) of the Income Tax Act, even if they involve both sales and purchases and are entered into at different times from the delivery of goods.

CIT v. Trishul Investments Ltd.
305 ITR 434 · 2008 · High Court
26
citing judgments

Interest paid on loans borrowed for the purpose of investment in shares is allowed as part of the cost of acquisition eligible for deduction while computing capital gains under Section 48. The intention of the assessee at the time of acquisition of shares determines the nature of the gain.

Quality Engineering & Software Technologies (P.) Ltd. v. DCIT
52 Taxmann.com 515 · 2014 · ITAT
26
citing judgments

A forward contract entered into to protect against foreign currency fluctuations on consideration receivable for exports is not a speculative transaction, and provisions for losses on such derivative contracts are allowable expenditures.

Judgments citing speculative transaction

Varun Batra, Mumbai vs. National Faceless Appeal Centre (NFAC), Delhi

In the result, the appeal filed by the assessee is hereby dismissed

ITA 3205/MUM/2022[2013-14]Status: DisposedITAT Mumbai31 Jul 2025AY 2013-14

Bench: Ms. Kavitha Rajagopal, Jm & Shri Prabhash Shankar, Am Varun Batra National Faceless Appeal Centre Flat 5, 5Th Floor, La Mer, Mistry Park, (Nfac) Kadeshwari Temple Road, Bandra Vs. West, Mumbai – 400050. Pan/Gir No. Aezpb9157L (Appellant) : (Respondent) Assessee By : None Respondent By : Ms. Kavita P. Kaushik, (Sr Dr) Date Of Hearing : 01.07.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 31.07.2025 O R D E R Per Kavitha Rajagopal, J M: This Appeal Has Been Filed By The Assessee, Challenging The Order Of The Learned Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals) Delhi (‘Ld. Cit(A)’ For Short), National Faceless Appeal Centre (‘Nfac’ For Short) Passed U/S.250 Of The Income Tax Act, 1961 (‘The Act'), Pertaining To The Assessment Year (‘A.Y.’ For Short) 2013-14. 2. The Assessee Has Raised The Following Grounds Of Appeal: 1. That The Learned Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals), Delhi Has Grossly Erred Both In Law And, On Facts In Upholding The Determination Of Total Income Of The Appellant At Rs. 2,46,16,528/- As Against Declared Income At Rs. 2,30,52,930/- In An Order Of Assessment Dated 18.03.2016 U/S 143(3) Of The Act. 2. That The Learned Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals), Delhi Has Grossly Erred Both In Law & Fact In Holding That Sum Of Rs. 15,33,595/-Representing Loss On Account Of Share Trading. Varun Batra

For Appellant: NoneFor Respondent: Ms. Kavita P. Kaushik, (SR DR)
Section 143(2)Section 143(3)Section 234BSection 234CSection 250Section 68Section 71Section 72

system through a stock broker registered with SEBI and the transactions are duly supported with stamped contract notes, the said transaction was not a speculative transaction, consequently giving it the nature of normal business transaction. 3.1. That the learned Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) has failed to appreciate the evidence ... observed that the assessee has traded in commodity derivatives and had incurred loss of Rs. 15,23,598/- which the ld. AO treated as speculative transaction which cannot be set off with other heads of income. Further, the ld. AO had allowed the carry forward of set off of speculative

DCIT, Circle- 21(1), New Delhi vs. Religare Comtrade Ltd., New Delhi

The appeal of the Revenue is dismissed

ITA 5721/DEL/2017[2012-13]Status: DisposedITAT Delhi16 May 2025AY 2012-13

Bench: Smt. Annapurna Gupta & Ms Madhumita Royassessment Year: 2012-13 Dcit, Vs M/S Religare Comtrade Ltd Circle-21(1), (Formerly Known As Religare New Delhi. Bullion Ltd.), D-3, District Centre, Saket, New Delhi – 110 017. Pan: Aaecr8405P (Appellant) (Respondent) Assessee By : Shri Rohit Jain, Advocate & Ms Somya Jain, Ca Revenue By : Shri Sunil Yadav, Cit-Dr Date Of Hearing : 03.04.2025 Date Of Pronouncement : 16.05.2025 Order Per Annapurna Gupta, Am: The Present Appeal Has Been Filed By The Department Against Order Passed By The Commissioner Of Income Tax (Appeals)-36, New Delhi (Hereinafter Referred To As Cit(A)) Under Section 250 (6) Of The Income Tax Act 1961(Hereinafter Referred To As “Act”) Pertaining To Assessment Year 2012-13. 2. Grounds No.1 & 2 Raised By The Revenue Relate To The Same Issue Of Loss Incurred On Account Of Trading In Gold Derivatives Which Was Disallowed By The Ao Treating It As Speculative In Nature, In Terms Of Its Definition U/S 43(5) Of The Act, Which, However, Was Allowed By The Ld.Cit(A). The Said Grounds Read As Under:-

For Appellant: Shri Rohit Jain, Advocate &For Respondent: Shri Sunil Yadav, CIT-DR
Section 250Section 43(5)Section 43(5)(a)

against loss through future price fluctuation in respect of his contracts for actual delivery of goods as per the exclusion to the definition of speculative transaction in proviso (a) to section 43(5) of the Act. The ld.CIT(A), however, found merit in the contention of the assessee and held ... that the loss incurred was on account of hedging and was excluded, therefore, from the definition of speculative transaction in terms of Section 43(5)(a) of the Act. The entire controversy, therefore, before us rests on the interpretation of section 43(5)(a) and before proceeding further

Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax, Corporate Circle 1(1), Chennai vs. M/S Cholamandalam Investment and Finance Company Limited, Chennai

ITA 2835/CHNY/2024[2014-15]Status: DisposedITAT Chennai28 Apr 2025AY 2014-15

Bench: Shri Aby T Varkey, Hon'Ble & Shri S. R. Raghunatha, Hon'Bleआयकर अपीलसं./Ita Nos.: 2613 & 2732/Chny/2024 निर्धारणवर्ष / Assessment Years: 2013-14 & 2014-15 Cholamandalam Investment & Finance Company Limited, Chola Crest, C 54 & C 55, Super B-4, Thiru Vi Ka Industrial Estate, Guindy, Guindy Industrial Estate S.O., Chennai - 600 032. [Pan: Aaacc-1226-H] (अपीलार्थी/Appellant) & The Deputy Commissioner Of Income Tax, V. Corporate Circle -1(1), Chennai - 600 034. (प्रत्यर्थी/Respondent) आयकर अपीलसं./Ita Nos.: 2835, 2836 & 2820/Chny/2024 निर्धारणवर्ष / Assessment Years: 2014-15, 2014-15 & 2015-16 The Assistant Commissioner Of Income Tax, Corporate Circle -1(1), Chennai - 600 034 Cholamandalam Investment & Finance Company V. Limited, (अपीलार्थी/Appellant) Chola Crest, C 54 & C 55, Super B-4, Thiru Vi Ka Industrial Estate, Guindy, Guindy Industrial Estate S.O., Chennai - 600 032. [Pan: Aaacc-1226-H] (प्रत्यर्थी/Respondent) Assessee By Department By : Mr. Ajith Kumar Jain Ca & Mr. Kunal Shah, Ca & Ms. Aashna Dhila, Ca : Mr. R. Clement Ramesh Kumar, Cit & Ms. Anitha, Addl.Cit सुनवाई की तारीख/Date Of Hearing : 12.02.2025 घोषणा की तारीख/Date Of Pronouncement : 28.04.2025 :-2-:

For Respondent: Mr. Ajith Kumar Jain CA & Mr. Kunal Shah, CA
Section 143(3)Section 250Section 43(5)

hence it is considered speculative in nature. As per Section 43(5) of the Act, `speculative transaction' means a transaction in which a contract for the purchase or sale of any commodity, including stocks and shares, is periodically or ultimately settled otherwise than by the actual delivery or transfer ... assessee were settled by way of actual delivery, implying that the transactions are bona fide and hence cannot be construed to be 'speculative transaction'. The relevant extract of bank statement substantiating the claim was :-9-: ITA. Nos:2613,2732,2820, 2835&2836/Chny/2024 submitted by the assessee during the original proceedings